Alban Berg ndi wolemba wotchuka kwambiri wa Second Viennese School. Ndi iye amene amaonedwa kuti ndi woyambitsa nyimbo za m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri. Ntchito ya Berg, yomwe idakhudzidwa ndi nthawi yomaliza yachikondi, idatsata mfundo ya atonality ndi dodecaphony. Nyimbo za Berg zili pafupi ndi chikhalidwe cha nyimbo chomwe R. Kolisch adachitcha "Viennese espressivo" (mawu).
Kudzaza kwamphamvu kwamphamvu, kumveketsa bwino kwambiri komanso kuphatikizika kwa ma tonal complexes kumadziwika ndi nyimbo zake. Kukonda kwa wolemba zachinsinsi ndi theosophy kumaphatikizidwa ndi kusanthula kwanzeru komanso mwadongosolo kwambiri. Izi zikuwonekera makamaka m'mabuku ake okhudza chiphunzitso cha nyimbo.
Zaka za ubwana wa wolemba nyimbo Alban Berg
Alban Berg anabadwa pa February 9, 1885 ku Vienna m'banja lapakati. Kuphatikiza pa kukonda kwake zolemba, BERG amangokonda nyimbo. Bambo ake ndi ogulitsa zojambulajambula ndi mabuku, ndipo amayi ake ndi ndakatulo osadziwika. Zinali zoonekeratu chifukwa chake luso la kulemba ndi nyimbo la mnyamatayo linalimbikitsidwa kuyambira ali wamng'ono. Ali ndi zaka 6, kamnyamata kanalembedwa ntchito ndi mphunzitsi wanyimbo yemwe adamuphunzitsa kuyimba piyano. Berg anatenga imfa ya abambo ake mu 1900 movutikira kwambiri. Pambuyo pa tsokali, adayamba kudwala mphumu, yomwe inkamuvutitsa kwa moyo wake wonse. Wolembayo adayamba kuyesa kwake koyamba pakupanga nyimbo ali ndi zaka 15.
Alban Berg: Kulimbana ndi Kukhumudwa
1903 - Berg amalephera Abitur wake ndikugwa mu kukhumudwa. Mu September, iye amayesa ngakhale kudzipha. Kuyambira 1904 adaphunzira kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi Arnold Schoenber (1874-1951), yemwe adamuphunzitsa mgwirizano ndi zolemba. Anali maphunziro a nyimbo omwe amatha kuchiza mitsempha yake ndikuyiwala za unine. The zisudzo woyamba wa ntchito Berg chinachitika mu 1907 pa zoimbaimba ana asukulu.
Chilengedwe chake choyamba "Nyimbo Zisanu ndi ziwiri Zoyambirira" (1905-1908) zinkatsatirabe miyambo ya R. Schumann ndi G. Mahler. Koma limba sonata "V. op.1" (1907-1908) anali atatsogozedwa kale ndi zomwe aphunzitsi adapanga. Ntchito yake yomaliza motsogozedwa ndi Schoenberg, yomwe ikuwonetsa kale kudziyimira pawokha, ndi String Quartet, Op. 3, yopangidwa mu 1910. Kapangidwe kameneka kakuwonetsa kukhuthala kodabwitsa komanso kufowoka kwa kulumikizana ndi kiyi yayikulu-yaing'ono.
Berg Active Learning
Atamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, Berg anaphunzira kusunga mabuku. Mu 1906 anayamba ntchito yowerengera ndalama. Komabe, chitetezo chazachuma chinamupangitsa kukhala mphunzitsi wodzipangira yekha pambuyo pake. Mu 1911 anakwatira Helena Nachowski. Kuphatikiza pa maulendo ang'onoang'ono abizinesi, Berg nthawi zonse amakhala nthawi yophukira mpaka masika ku Vienna. Chaka chonsecho chili ku Carinthia ndi Styria.
M’zaka ziŵiri zoyambilira za maphunziro ndi Schoenberg, BERG anali akadali wogwira ntchito m’boma ku lieutenant wakumunsi wa Austria. Ndipo kuyambira 1906, iye anadzipereka yekha nyimbo. Schoenberg atachoka ku Vienna kupita ku Berlin mu 1911, BERG adagwira ntchito kwa mphunzitsi wake ndi mlangizi. Mwa zina, adapanga kaundula kuti alembe "Harmonielehre" (1911) komanso kalozera wabwino kwambiri wowunikira "Gurre-Lieder".
Alban Berg: kubwerera ku Vienna
Pambuyo pa zaka zitatu zautumiki mu gulu lankhondo la Austria (1915-1918) ndi kutha kwa Nkhondo Yadziko I, Alban Berg anabwerera ku Vienna. Kumeneko adapatsidwa mwayi wokhala mphunzitsi pa Association of Private Musical Performances. Inakhazikitsidwa ndi Arnold Schoenberg m'zaka zake zogwira ntchito. Mpaka 1921, Berg ntchito kumeneko, kukulitsa luso lake loimba. Ntchito zoyambirira za wolembayo makamaka zimakhala ndi nyimbo zapachipinda ndi nyimbo za piyano. Analembedwa pamene akuphunzirabe ndi ARNOLD SCHONBERG. The String Quartet op. 3" (1910). Imatengedwa ngati ntchito yoyamba yokulirapo ya atonality.
Kuyambira 1920, Berg akuyamba bwino utolankhani ntchito. Ntchito imeneyi imam’bweretsera kutchuka ndi ndalama zabwino. Amalemba makamaka za nyimbo ndi ntchito za olemba a nthawi imeneyo. Utolankhani udakoka woimbayo kwambiri kotero kuti kwa nthawi yayitali sakanatha kusankha kupitiliza kupanga kapena kudzipereka kwathunthu pakulemba nyimbo.
Ntchito ya Berg: nthawi yogwira
Mu 1914, Berg amapita ku Woyzeck ya Georg Büchner. Zinalimbikitsa wolembayo kwambiri moti nthawi yomweyo amasankha kulemba nyimbo zake za seweroli. Ntchitoyi inamalizidwa kokha mu 1921.
1922 - Kuchepetsa kwa pianoforte "Wojzeck" kumasindikizidwa paokha ndi thandizo lazachuma la Alma Mahler.
1923 - Mgwirizano wasainidwa ndi Wiener Universal-Edition, yomwe imasindikizanso ntchito yoyambirira ya Berg.
1924 - Chiwonetsero chapadziko lonse cha magawo a Woyzeck ku Frankfurt am Main.
1925 Creation of the Lyric Suite for quartet ya chingwe, idayamba pa 8 Januware 1927 ndi Kolisch Quartet. Woyzeck wa Erich Kleiber adawonekera padziko lonse lapansi ku Berlin State Opera.
1926 - Woyzeck ikuchitika ku Prague, mu 1927 - ku Leningrad, mu 1929 - ku Oldenburg.
Berg amasewera ndi lingaliro lokhazikitsa nthano ya Gerhart Hauptmann "Und Pippa tanzt" kukhala nyimbo.
"Lulu's Song" - ntchito yodziwika bwino ya Berg
Mu 1928, wolembayo adaganiza zolembera nyimbo za Lulu za Frank Wedekind. Ntchito yogwira idayamba, yomwe idavala bwino kwambiri. Mu 1930 Berg adasankhidwa kukhala membala wa Prussian Academy of Arts. Udindo wandalama ndi kutchuka zidamupangitsa kugula nyumba yatchuthi ku Lake Wörthersee.
Mu 1933 "Nyimbo ya Lulu" inamalizidwa. Ulaliki wake woyamba udaperekedwa kwa Webern polemekeza tsiku lake lobadwa la 50.
1934 - Mu April, Berg anamaliza filimu yochepa "Lulu". Kanema wapadziko lonse lapansi akukonzekera ku Berlin ndi Erich Kleiber. Pa November 30, Berlin State Opera inachititsa masewero a symphonic kuchokera ku opera Lulu ndi Erich Kleiber.
Zaka zotsiriza za kulenga
1935 - yopuma ntchito pa opera "Lulu". Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Ogasiti, Berg akugwira ntchito yopanga nyimbo ya violin "Memory of an Angel" ya Manon Gropius, mwana wamkazi wakufa wa Alma Mahler. Ntchito ya magawo awiriwa, yogawidwa m'ma tempos osiyanasiyana, imatsata zolinga za requiem. Monga konsati yapayekha, iyi ndi concerto yoyamba kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito mosasinthika mndandanda wamitundu khumi ndi iwiri. Alban Berg sakhala ndi moyo kuti awone masewerowa pa April 19, 1936 ku Barcelona.
Berg sanathe kumaliza opera yake yachiwiri, Lulu, mpaka imfa yake. Wolemba waku Austria Friedrich Cerha adawonjeza sewero lachitatu, ndipo mtundu wa 3-acts udachitika koyamba pa 3 February 24 ku Paris.
Mu 1936, konsati ya violin inayamba ku Barcelona ndi woyimba zeze Louis Krasner ndi wochititsa Hermann Scherchen.
Pa December 24, 1935, Berg anamwalira ndi furunculosis ku Vienna kwawo.
