Alexander Borodin - Russian wopeka ndi wasayansi. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa anthu ofunika kwambiri ku Russia m'zaka za zana la 19. Iye anali munthu wotukuka kwambiri amene anakwanitsa kupeza zinthu zambiri zokhudza chemistry. Moyo wa sayansi sunalepheretse Borodin kupanga nyimbo. Alexander analemba zisudzo zingapo zofunika ndi nyimbo zina.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Tsiku lobadwa la Maestro ndi November 12, 1833. Chinthu china chomwe sichinganyalanyazedwe ndi chakuti iye anali mwana wapathengo wa Luka Gedevanishvili ndi msungwana wa serf. Bambo wobadwayo sanamuzindikire mnyamatayo, choncho ku khoti Alexander ankaonedwa ngati serf wamba.
Mnyamatayo analeredwa ndi bambo ake omupeza Porfiry Borodin, pamodzi ndi mkazi wake Tatiana. Pamene Luka anali pafupi ndi moyo, adalamula Tatiana ndi mwana wake kuti apatsidwe ufulu. Anakonza tsogolo la Alexander ndipo anapereka nyumba kwa banja losadziwika.
Borodin analibe ufulu wophunzira ku Academy, kotero mnyamatayo paokha anatenga phunziro la maphunziro a sukulu. Kuyambira ali wamng'ono, Alexander wamng'ono anasonyeza chidwi ndi nyimbo. Makamaka, anali ndi luso linalake lopanga nyimbo.
Ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, Borodin analemba ntchito yake yoyamba - kuvina. Mnyamatayo anamva ndemanga zabwino zambiri za ntchito yake, kotero ndi chidwi chachikulu anayamba kupanga zida zingapo zoimbira nthawi imodzi. Kale ali ndi zaka 13, Alexander analemba nyimbo yoyamba yodzaza ndi konsati.
M'maphunziro a nyimbo, zokonda za Borodin sizinathe. Adajambula bwino, komanso adachita nawo zojambulajambula. Chisangalalo china champhamvu cha mnyamatayo chinali chemistry. Chifukwa cha sayansi iyi, amatha kufotokoza zochitika zambiri.
Alexander adayesa mankhwala m'makoma a nyumba yake. Mayi wa mtsikanayo anali ndi mantha komanso chimwemwe. Mayiyo ankadera nkhawa za chitetezo cha m’nyumbamo, choncho anazindikira m’kupita kwa nthawi kuti mwana wakeyo anafunika kutumizidwa kumalo ochitirako masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Anapita kukaphunzira ku Medical and Surgical Academy ya likulu la chikhalidwe cha Russia. Mu maphunziro, Borodin katswiri ntchito ya udokotala ndi mwakhama kuphunzira umagwirira.
Kulenga njira ndi nyimbo za wolemba Alexander Borodin
Nthawi zambiri munthu wodzipereka kwa sayansi. Komabe, nyimbozo sizinasiyire kumbuyo. M'zaka za ophunzira, mnyamatayo adawonjezeranso nyimboyi ndi nyimbo zambiri zachikondi. Nyimbo za "Arabic Melody", "Sleeping Princess" ndi "Song of the Dark Forest" ndizofunikira kwambiri. Anali ndi mwayi waukulu woyenda. Pogwiritsa ntchito udindo wake, adayendera malo ochitirako makonsati padziko lonse lapansi.
Mu likulu la chikhalidwe cha Russia, Borodin adakhala membala wa chikhalidwe cha St. Petersburg cha Amphamvu Handful. Alexander anayamba kusinthanitsa luso lake loimba ndi olemba ena, chifukwa chake nyimbo zake "zinaphuka". Anzake adamutcha kuti wolowa m'malo wabwino kwambiri Mikhail Glinka.
Borodin anachita zolengedwa zake pamaso pa anthu apamwamba a ku Russia. Nthawi zambiri ankaimba pa nyumba ya Belyaev. Alexander anaimba za ufulu, chikondi cha dziko lake, komanso kunyada kwa dziko la anthu Russian. Iye akuyima pa chiyambi cha symphony ndi heroic-epic zizolowezi mu Russian classical nyimbo.
Pa nthawi ina, Borodin ntchito motsogozedwa ndi bwenzi lake ndi mnzake, kondakitala Milia Balakirev. Panthawi imeneyi, maestro analemba zachikondi zoposa 15, symphonies angapo, zidutswa limba, komanso angapo ndakatulo nyimbo. Pa nthawi yomweyo anapereka waluntha zisudzo Bogatyrs ndi Prince Igor. Zolengedwa zinabweretsa kuzindikira kwa Borodin osati ku Russia kokha, komanso m'mayiko a ku Ulaya.
Mu symphony yachiwiri ya "Bogatyr", adakwanitsa kuwulula mphamvu za anthu aku Russia. Woipekayo anaphatikiza bwino nyimbo zovina ndi mawu obaya mtima.
Tikumbukenso kuti katswiri waluso ntchito pa opera "Prince Igor" kuyambira ambiri ake, koma ntchito anakhalabe. Opera yomwe ikuwonetsedwa ndi chitsanzo chenicheni cha kalembedwe ka ngwazi mu nyimbo. Ntchitoyi imadabwitsa ndi kuchuluka kwazithunzi zomwe gulu lakwaya limachita, komanso kufalitsa bwino komanso kusunga kukhulupirika kwa zithunzi.
Tsatanetsatane wa moyo wa katswiri Alexander Borodin
Pamene Borodin anapita kunja, iye chibwenzi wamng'ono limba Ekaterina Protopopova. Anali kulandira chithandizo cha mphumu m'zipatala zina za ku Germany. Katya anali ndi khutu labwino kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri ankaimba nyimbo pagulu la oimba ndi oimba.
Ekaterina ndi Alexander anakhala nthawi yambiri pamodzi. Mwamunayo anaganiza zofunsira kwa wokondedwa wakeyo, ndipo iye anavomera. Posakhalitsa banjali linavomereza mwalamulo ubale wawo.
Popeza Katya anali ndi mavuto ndi ziwalo za kumtunda njira, iye sakanakhoza kukhala mu likulu kumpoto kwa nthawi yaitali. Mtsikanayo nthawi ndi nthawi anakakamizika kupita kwa amayi ake ku Moscow. Borodin anakhumudwa kwambiri ndi kulekana ndi wokondedwa wake, monga umboni wa makalata ambiri omwe adalemberana wina ndi mzake.
Borodin sanakhale bambo. Katya anali ndi nkhawa kwambiri chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ana. Banjalo linakulitsa kusungulumwa mwa kutenga ana asukulu. Alexander ankaona atsikanawo kukhala ana ake aakazi.
Mfundo zosangalatsa za wolemba
- Kamodzi, pa phunziro lothandiza, Borodin anayenera kugwira ntchito ndi mtembo. Anachita kugwedezeka mwadzidzidzi, ndipo fupa lovunda linamira pakhungu lake. Zikadawononga moyo, koma pambuyo pa chithandizo chanthawi yayitali, zonse zidayenda bwino.
- Kusukuluyi, anali wophunzira wabwino kwambiri, zomwe zinakwiyitsa kwambiri ophunzirawo.
- Mendeleev analangiza Alexander kusiya nyimbo ndi kuyamba kuphunzira za umagwirira.
- Zotsatira zopangidwa ndi maestro zikadali zabwino kwambiri. Zoona zake n’zakuti anawakwirira ndi yolk ya dzira, zomwe zinawathandiza kuti akhale m’malo abwino.
- Mafilimu opitilira 5 odziwika bwino adapangidwa okhudza woyimba wamkulu komanso woyimba. Iwo anafotokozera bwino za moyo wa namatetule wamkulu.
Zaka zomaliza za moyo wa maestro Alexander Borodin
M'zaka zomalizira za moyo wake, Alexander anali kuchita nawo zosangalatsa. Anapita ku zokambirana za sayansi, anachita makonsati ndikuthandizira matalente achichepere kuti apite patsogolo.
Mu 1880, adataya Zinin wake wapamtima, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi munthu wina wapamtima, Mussorgsky, anamwalira. Kutayika kwaumwini kunapangitsa kuti mkhalidwe wa wolemba nyimbo ukhale woipa. Iye anali pafupi kuvutika maganizo.
February 27, 1887 wopeka chikondwerero Shrovetide, mu bwalo la achibale ake ndi mabwenzi. Anamva kukongola ndipo anali mu malingaliro athunthu. Pa chochitika ichi, maestro anafa. Iye anali kuyankhula za chinachake, ndiyeno anangogwa pansi. Chifukwa cha imfa ya Borodin chinali kusweka kwa mtima.
Thupi la woimba wamkulu linaikidwa m'manda mu necropolis ya ambuye a luso la Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Pamanda a Borodin amamangidwa chipilala, chomwe chimakongoletsedwa mophiphiritsa ndi zolemba ndi zinthu zama mankhwala.
Pokumbukira woimba, oimba anzake anaganiza kumaliza opera "Prince Igor". Zolengedwazo zidaperekedwa kwa anthu onse mu 1890.
