Alexander Nikolaevich Vertinsky - wotchuka Soviet wojambula, filimu wosewera, kupeka, pop woimba. Inali yotchuka m'zaka zoyambirira za m'ma XNUMX.
Vertinsky akadali amatchedwa chodabwitsa cha Soviet siteji. Nyimbo za Alexander Nikolaevich zimadzutsa malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Koma chinthu chimodzi ndi chotsimikizika - ntchito yake sangasiye osayanjanitsika pafupifupi palibe.
Ubwana ndi unyamata Alexander Vertinsky
Alexander Vertinsky anabadwa March 19, 1889 mu mtima wa Ukraine - Kyiv. Mkulu wa banja ankagwira ntchito utolankhani ndipo anali loya payekha. Amayi Evgenia Skolatskaya anali m'banja lolemekezeka.
abambo ndi amayi a Vertinsky sanali okwatirana mwalamulo. Pa nthawiyo, mgwirizano woterewu unkaonedwa ngati wosavomerezeka. Mkazi wovomerezeka wa bambo ake a Alexander sanamulole kuti asudzulane.
Nikolai Petrovich (bambo Alexander) anabwereka nyumba Evgenia Skolatskaya. Choyamba, banjali anali ndi mwana wamkazi, ndipo mkaziyo anabala mwana wamwamuna, Alexander.
Vertinsky sanakumbukire amayi ake. Zoona zake n’zakuti anamwalira ali ndi zaka 3 zokha. Kuyambira tsopano, nkhawa zonse zidagwa pamapewa a achibale kumbali ya amayi.
Ana, Nadezhda ndi Alexander, analeredwa ndi alongo Evgenia Skolatskaya. Alongowo ankadana ndi bambo wamng'ono wa Sasha chifukwa cha "kuwononga" Zhenechka yawo. M’bale ndi mlongo analekana. Ndipo posakhalitsa anamva kuti Nadezhda kulibenso moyo. Komabe, patapita zaka, Alexander anapeza kuti Nadia ali moyo. Mphekesera zokhudza imfa ya mlongo wake zinafalitsidwa ndi azakhali awo n’cholinga chosokoneza kulankhulana kwawo.
Sasha wamng'ono adaphunzira ku Alexandria Imperial Gymnasium. Koma posakhalitsa anachotsedwa sukulu chifukwa cha khalidwe loipa. Vertinsky anayamba kuba. Pali lingaliro lakuti mwanjira imeneyi mnyamatayo anakopa chidwi chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chisamaliro cha makolo.
M’zaka zake zaunyamata, anakhoza kukhala ndi mbiri yakuba. Pambuyo pake, anapitiriza maphunziro ake ku Kyiv classical gymnasium No.
Alexander kutenga nawo mbali mu zisudzo ankachita masewera
Chifukwa cha mavuto mu maphunziro ake, mikangano nthawi zonse ndi azakhali ake, Alexander Vertinsky anakhumudwa. Chisangalalo chokha cha nthawi imeneyo kwa mnyamatayo chinali bwalo la zisudzo. Kale pa nthawi imeneyo anayamba kuchita zisudzo ankachita masewera.
Alexander sanasiye chizolowezi choipa - kuba ndalama za azakhali ake. Posakhalitsa anayenera kuthamangitsa mphwake m’nyumbamo. Vertinsky ankagwira ntchito iliyonse kuti apeze ndalama.
Auntie sanakhulupirire kuti Sasha atha kupanga munthu wamakhalidwe abwino. Koma posakhalitsa mwayi adamwetulira Vertinsky. Anakumana ndi Sofya Zelinskaya, bwenzi lakale la amayi ake. M'nyumba ya Sofya Nikolaevna Vertinsky kachiwiri anayamba kudziluma pa granite sayansi. Komanso, m'nyumba ya Sofya Nikolaevna anatha kukumana ndi anthu chidwi ndi otchuka.
Alexander adapeza kutchuka kwake koyamba chifukwa chofalitsa nkhani m'nyuzipepala yakumaloko. Ngakhale pamenepo, anthu anayamba kulankhula za Vertinsky monga munthu luso. Chithunzi cha wakubayo chinasowa.
Alexander Vertinsky mu zisudzo ndi mafilimu a kanema
Ndalama yoyamba yomwe Alexander Nikolaevich adapeza m'bwalo lamasewera adamupatsa chidaliro kuti akupita m'njira yoyenera. Pa nthawi yomweyo Vertinsky anamva kuti mlongo wake Nadezhda moyo ndi ntchito mu Moscow Theatre. Mu 1913 anasamukira ku likulu la Russia.
The zisudzo ntchito Alexander Nikolaevich anayamba ndi zisudzo ndi situdiyo. Pa nthawiyo, achinyamata ankachita zisudzo zomwe zinkatchuka kwambiri ndi anthu ochita zisudzo. Waluso Vertinsky anaona ndipo anaitanidwa kukhala mbali ya zisudzo zazing'ono, umene unali pa Tverskaya Street.
Gululo, lomwe Alexander Nikolaevich adalembetsa, adatsogoleredwa ndi Artibusheva Maria Alexandrovna. Kuwonekera koyamba pa siteji ya Vertinsky kunabweretsa chisangalalo chenicheni pakati pa omvera. Wojambulayo anapitirizabe kuchita pa siteji. Kuphatikiza apo, adalemba nthabwala zam'mutu ndi zolemba.
Mu nthawi yomweyo Vertinsky anayesa kulowa Stanislavsky Moscow Art Theatre. Komabe, sanavomerezedwe chifukwa sanatchule bwino chilembocho “r”.
Alexander Nikolaevich anayesa dzanja lake pa cinema. Kanema woyamba ndi wojambulayo amatchedwa "Cliff". Vertinsky ali ndi ntchito yaing'ono, koma Alexander mwiniyo adanena kuti adapeza zambiri.
Ndi ntchito filimu sizinayende bwino. Sikunali kusowa kwa talente komwe kunali chifukwa chake, koma nkhondo. Alexander Nikolaevich kumapeto kwa 1914 adasaina namwino wodzipereka kutsogolo. Anathera pafupifupi chaka chimodzi m’nkhondo. Patapita chaka, anavulala kwambiri, choncho anakakamizika kusamukira ku Moscow.
Ku Moscow, Alexander analandira uthenga wachisoni. Mfundo ndi yakuti mlongo wake Nadezhda anamwalira. Kwa iye, iye anali mmodzi wa achibale apamtima. Malinga ndi Vertinsky, Nadya adamwalira chifukwa chakumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Alexander Vertinsky: nyimbo
Pambuyo kukonzanso, Alexander Nikolaevich anapitiriza kuchita mafilimu ndi kusewera mu Artsibasheva Theatre. Apa m'pamene chifaniziro cha Pierrot "glud" kwa wojambula. Chifukwa cha zing'onozing'ono, "Nyimbo za Pierrot", zachikondi "Lero ndimadziseka ndekha", "Crystal Chikumbutso", "Cocaineette", "Yellow Angel" Vertinsky adalandira kuzindikira kwanthawi yayitali.
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti si owonerera wamba anayamikira luso Vertinsky. Otsutsa adalembanso ndemanga zabwino za talente.
Otsutsa adanena kuti kutchuka kwa Alexander Nikolaevich kunali chifukwa chakuti adayimba za nkhani zabwino. Nthawi zambiri ankakhudza nkhani za chikondi chosayenerera, kusungulumwa, mabodza, kusakhulupirika, umphawi ndi kupanda chilungamo m'nyimbo zake.
Vertinsky anachita nyimbo zoimbira pa ndakatulo zake komanso ndakatulo za Alexander Blok, Marina Tsvetaeva, Igor Severyanin.
Chikhalidwe chowonetsera nyimbo chinali msipu. Mawu ake anakhudza moyo wa okonda nyimbo Soviet. Chifaniziro cha zowawa Pierrot anayambitsa otsatira ambiri, koma palibe amene anakwanitsa kutsatira njira ya Alexander Vertinsky.
Kutchuka ndi kukhulupirika kwa malemba kunapatsa Vertinsky osati mafani okhulupirika okha. Alexander Nikolaevich anachita chidwi ndi Extraordinary Commission. Woimira komitiyi adalembera Vertinsky mochenjera za zomwe zingakhale bwino kuti asalembe. Pambuyo pake, olemba mbiri ya anthu adanena kuti ndi kukakamizidwa kwa akuluakulu omwe anakakamiza Alexander kusamuka. Komabe, wojambulayo adanenanso kuti:
“N’chiyani chinandichititsa kusamuka? Kodi ndimadana ndi mphamvu za Soviet? Inde, ayi, akuluakulu aboma sanandilakwitse. Kodi ndinali wotsatira dongosolo lina lililonse? Komanso ayi. Ndinali wamng'ono, ndipo ndinkakopeka ndi ulendo ... ".
Mu 1917, Alexander anapita pa ulendo waukulu. Anayendera mayiko ndi mizinda yambiri. Posakhalitsa Vertinsky anagula pasipoti yachigiriki ndipo anapita kukakhala ku Romania ndipo kenako ku Poland. M'zaka zotsatira, wotchuka ankakhala ku Paris, Berlin, Palestine. Ngakhale m'mayiko ena, makonsati ake anali nawo gulu lankhondo la mafani.
Mu 1934 Alexander Nikolaevich anasamukira ku United States of America. Apa adakonza sewero lomwe linabwera ndi anthu ambiri aku Russia. Mu 1935 Vertinsky anapita ku Shanghai. Anabwerera ku Russia kokha mu 1943.
Moyo waumwini wa Alexander Vertinsky
Mkazi woyamba wa Alexander Nikolaevich anali kukongola kwachiyuda Rakele (Raisa) Pototskaya. Pambuyo pa ukwati, mkaziyo anakhala Irena Vertidis. Vertinsky anakumana ndi mkazi wake woyamba ku Poland. Sitinganene kuti banja loyamba linali lopambana. Patapita zaka 7, Alexander anasudzula mkazi wake.
Pambuyo pa chisudzulo Vertinsky sanathe kupeza bwenzi moyo kwa nthawi yaitali. Anali ndi zibwenzi zosakhalitsa zomwe sizinabweretse vuto lililonse. Wojambulayo anakumana ndi mkazi wake wotsatira zaka 19 pambuyo pake ku Shanghai.
M'dziko lina, Alexander Nikolayevich anakumana wokongola Lydia Tsirgvava. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti kukongola kunali kochepa kuposa wojambulayo kwa zaka zoposa 30. Komabe, izi sizinalepheretse ubale wawo. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1940, Vertinsky anakwatira Lydia.
Muukwati umenewu, banjali linali ndi ana aakazi awiri okongola. Ana aakazi adatengera chikondi ndi talente kuchokera kwa abambo awo, kotero adakhalanso zisudzo zodziwika bwino. Ndipo ngakhale Marianna mwana, Daria Vertinskaya (Khmelnitskaya) bwinobwino anayamba ntchito yake monga Ammayi, koma posakhalitsa anazindikira kuti si gawo lake.
Imfa ya Alexander Nikolaevich Vertinsky
Atabwerera kudziko lakwawo, Alexander Nikolaevich sanasiye ntchito yake. Kujambula m’mafilimu ndi kutenga nawo mbali m’zisudzo kunapangitsa kuti munthu apeze ndalama zambiri. Chokhacho chomwe chinamuvutitsa Vertinsky panthawiyo chinali dziko la dziko lake.
Pa tsiku la imfa yake, Alexander Nikolaevich nayenso anachita pa siteji. Vertinsky anamwalira pa May 21, 1957. Malingana ndi achibale, pambuyo pa konsatiyo, iye anafooka ndi kusakhala bwino. Chifukwa cha imfa chinali kulephera kwa mtima kwakukulu. Kupsinjika maganizo ndi ukalamba zabweretsa mavuto awo. Manda a wojambula ili pa Novodevichy manda mu likulu.
Chiwonetsero cha Museum of one street ku Kyiv chaperekedwa kwa kukumbukira anthu otchuka. Apa mafani amatha kudziwana ndi zithunzi, ma Albums ndi zikumbutso zina za Vertinsky.
