Buddy Holly ndiye nthano yodabwitsa kwambiri ya rock and roll ya m'ma 1950s. Holly anali wapadera, mbiri yake yodziwika bwino komanso zotsatira zake pa nyimbo zotchuka zimakhala zachilendo kwambiri munthu akaganizira kuti kutchuka kunatheka m'miyezi 18 yokha.
Chikoka cha Holly chinali chochititsa chidwi ngati cha Elvis Presley kapena Chuck Berry.
Ubwana wa wojambula Buddy Holly
Charles Hardin "Buddy" Holly anabadwa September 7, 1936 ku Lubbock, Texas. Iye anali wotsiriza mwa ana anayi.
Woimba waluso mwachibadwa, ali ndi zaka 15 anali kale katswiri pa gitala, banjo ndi mandolin, komanso ankaimba nyimbo ndi bwenzi lake laubwana Bob Montgomery. Ndi iye, Holly analemba nyimbo zake zoyamba.
Buddy & Bob Band
Pofika pakati pa zaka za m'ma 50, Buddy & Bob, monga ankadzitcha okha, anali kusewera Western ndi bop. Mtundu uwu unapangidwa ndi anyamata payekha. Makamaka, Holly amamvetsera nyimbo zambiri za blues ndi R&B ndipo adazipeza kuti zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi nyimbo zakudziko.
Mu 1955, gululo, lomwe linali litagwira kale ntchito ndi woimba nyimbo za bassist, lidasankha woyimba ng'oma Jerry Ellison kuti alowe nawo gululo.
Montgomery nthawi zonse ankatsamira ku phokoso lachikhalidwe cha dziko, choncho posakhalitsa anasiya gululo, koma anyamatawo anapitiriza kulemba nyimbo pamodzi.
Holly anapitiriza kulimbikira kulemba nyimbo ndi rock ndi roll. Anathandizana ndi oimba am'deralo monga Sonny Curtis ndi Don Hess. Ndi iwo, Holly adajambula koyamba ku Decca Records mu Januwale 1956.
Komabe, zotsatira zake sizinakwaniritse zomwe ankayembekezera. Nyimbozo mwina sizinali zovuta kapena zotopetsa. Komabe, nyimbo zingapo zinakhala zotchuka m'tsogolomu, ngakhale kuti panthawiyo sizinali zotchuka kwambiri. Tikukamba za nyimbo monga Midnight Shift ndi Rock Around ndi Ollie Vee.
Lidzakhala Tsikulo
M'chaka cha 1956, Holly ndi kampani yake anayamba kugwira ntchito pa situdiyo Norman Petty. Kumeneko gulu loimba linajambula Lidzakhala Tsikulo. Ntchitoyi idaperekedwa kwa Bob Thiele, wamkulu wa Coral Records, yemwe adaikonda. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti Coral anali wothandizira ku Decca komwe Holly anali atalembapo kale nyimbo.
Bob adawona mbiriyi ngati yotheka, koma asanaitulutse, panali zopinga zazikulu zomwe adayenera kuthana nazo chifukwa chakuchepa kwandalama kwa kampaniyo.
Komabe, Limenelo Lidzakhala Tsiku Lidatulutsidwa mu Meyi 1957 palemba la Brunswick. Posakhalitsa Petty adakhala woyang'anira gulu komanso wopanga. Nyimboyi idagunda nambala 1 pama chart adziko lonse chilimwe chatha.
Buddy Holly Innovations
Mu 1957-1958. Kulemba nyimbo sikunali kuonedwa ngati luso lofunikira pa ntchito ya rock ndi roll. Olemba nyimbo anali apadera pa mbali yosindikiza ya nkhaniyi, osasokoneza ndi kujambula ndi machitidwe.
Buddy Holly & The Crickets anasintha kwambiri pamene analemba ndi kuchita Oh, Boy ndi Peggy Sue, amene anafika pa anthu khumi apamwamba m’dzikoli.
Holly ndi kampani adaphwanyanso ndondomeko yotulutsa mbiri yakale yomwe idakhazikitsidwa. M'mbuyomu, zinali zopindulitsa kuti makampani ayitanire oimba ku studio yawo ndikupereka opanga awo, zithunzi, ndi zina zambiri.
Ngati woimbayo anali wopambana kwambiri (La Sinatra kapena Elvis Presley), ndiye kuti adalandira cheke "chopanda kanthu" mu situdiyo, ndiye kuti, sanapereke ndalama zothandizira. Malamulo a mgwirizano uliwonse anathetsedwa.
Buddy Holly & The Crickets adayamba pang'onopang'ono kuyesa mawu. Ndipo chofunika kwambiri, palibe mgwirizano umodzi womwe unawauza kuti ayambe liti ndikusiya kujambula. Komanso, zojambulira zawo zinali zopambana osati ngati nyimbo zomwe zinali zotchuka kale.
Zotsatira zake makamaka zinakhudza mbiri ya nyimbo za rock. Gululo linapanga phokoso lomwe linayambitsa nyimbo yatsopano ya rock and roll. Holly ndi gulu lake sanachite mantha kuyesa ngakhale nyimbo zawo zokha, ndichifukwa chake Peggy Sue adagwiritsa ntchito luso la gitala panyimbo yomwe nthawi zambiri inkasungidwa nyimbo m'malo mosewera.
Kodi chinsinsi cha kupambana kwa Buddy Holly ndi chiyani?
The Buddy Holly & The Crickets anali otchuka kwambiri ku America, koma anali otchuka kwambiri ku England. Chikoka chawo chinapikisana kwambiri ndi Elvis Presley ndipo mwanjira zina chinamuposa.
Izi zinali zina chifukwa chakuti amayendera England - adakhala mwezi umodzi kumeneko mu 1958 akusewera masewera angapo. Ngakhale Elvis wotchuka sanachite zimenezo.
Koma kupambana kudalumikizidwanso ndi mawu awo komanso siteji ya Holly. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri gitala la rhythm kunaphatikizidwa ndi phokoso la nyimbo za skiffle, blues, folk, country ndi jazz.
Kupatula apo, Badi Holly sankawoneka ngati nyenyezi yanu ya rock 'n' roll, wamtali, woonda, komanso wovala magalasi akuluakulu. Anali ngati munthu wamba yemwe ankatha kuimba komanso kuimba gitala. Chinali chakuti sanali wofanana ndi wina aliyense chimene chinachititsa kutchuka kwake.
Kusamutsa Buddy Holly kupita ku New York
The Buddy Holly & The Crickets posakhalitsa anakhala atatu Sullivan atachoka kumapeto kwa 1957. Holly anakulitsanso zokonda zomwe zinali zosiyanako ndi za Allison ndi Mauldin.
Mwachionekere, palibe aliyense wa iwo amene anaganiza zochoka kwawo ku Texas, ndipo anapitirizabe kumanga miyoyo yawo kumeneko. Holly, nthawi yomweyo, ankafuna kwambiri kupita ku New York, osati ntchito, komanso moyo.
Chikondi ndi ukwati wake kwa Maria Elena Santiago adangotsimikizira chisankho chosamukira ku New York.
Panthawiyi, nyimbo za Holly zinali zitakula mpaka pamene adalemba ntchito oimba kuti aziimba nyimbozo.
Oyimba ngati Heartbeat sanagulitse komanso zomwe zidatulutsidwa kale. Mwinamwake wojambulayo wapita patsogolo muzinthu zamakono, zomwe ambiri mwa omvera sanali okonzeka kuvomereza.
ngozi yomvetsa chisoni
Kugawanika kwa Holly ndi gululo kunamupangitsa kuti alembe malingaliro ake, komanso kumulanda ndalama.
M'kati mwa kusweka, zinadziwika kwa Holly ndi wina aliyense kuti Petty adasokoneza ndalama zomwe amapeza ndipo mwina adabisa gawo lalikulu la ndalama za gululo m'thumba mwake.
Pamene mkazi wa Holly anali ndi pakati, ndipo palibe dola inachokera kwa Petty, Buddy anaganiza zopanga ndalama mwamsanga. Anatenga nawo mbali paulendo waukulu wa Winter Dance Party ku Midwest.
Pa ulendo umenewu, Holly, Ritchie Valens, ndi J. Richardson anamwalira pa ngozi ya ndege pa February 3, 1959.
Kuwonongekaku kunkaonedwa kuti ndi komvetsa chisoni, koma osati nkhani yofunika kwambiri panthawiyo. Mabungwe ambiri ankhani zoyendetsedwa ndi amuna sanatengere rock 'n' roll mozama.
Komabe, chithunzi chokongola cha Buddy Holly ndi ukwati wake waposachedwa unapatsa nkhaniyi zonunkhira. Zinapezeka kuti ankalemekezedwa kwambiri kuposa oimba ena ambiri a nthawiyo.
Kwa achinyamata a nthawi imeneyo, inali tsoka lalikulu loyamba la mtundu wake. Palibe wosewera wa rock 'n' roll yemwe adamwalira ali achichepere. Mawayilesi nawonso amangolankhula zomwe zidachitikazo.
Kwa anthu ambiri ochita nawo nyimbo za rock ndi roll, izi zinali zodabwitsa.
Mwadzidzidzi komanso mwachisawawa za chochitikachi, kuphatikiza zaka za Holly ndi Valens (22 ndi 17 motsatana), zidapangitsa kuti zikhale zachisoni kwambiri.
Chikumbukiro cha woimba wotchuka
Nyimbo za Buddy Holly sizinasowepo pamayendedwe a wailesi, komanso makamaka pamndandanda wazosewerera wa mafani a diehard.
Mu 1979, Holly adakhala nyenyezi yoyamba ya rock ndi roll kulandira ulemu wolandira bokosi la zolemba zake zonse.
Ntchitoyi idatulutsidwa pansi pamutu wakuti The Complete Buddy Holly. Setiyi idatulutsidwa koyambirira ku England ndi Germany, ndipo pambuyo pake idawonekera ku America.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, ogulitsa mobisa ntchito za Holly adawonekera, kuphatikizapo omwe adadzipereka kugula nyimbo zingapo paulendo wa ku Britain wa 1958.
Pambuyo pake, chifukwa cha sewerolo Steve Hoffman, yemwe adapereka nyimbo zina za woimbayo, For the First Time Anywhere (1983) adatulutsidwa ndi MCA Records. Zinali zosankhidwa mwaluso zakale za Buddy Holly.
Mu 1986, BBC idatulutsa zolemba za The Real Buddy Holly Story.
Holly adapitilizabe kukhala ndi chikhalidwe cha pop mpaka m'ma 1990. Makamaka, dzina lake linatchulidwa mu nyimbo ya Buddy Holly (yomwe inagunda mu 1994 ndi gulu lina la rock Weezer). Nyimboyi idakhala imodzi mwazosangalatsa kwambiri munthawi yake, ikusewera pafupipafupi pamawayilesi onse kwanthawi yayitali, ndikuthandiza kuti dzina la Holly likhale lamoyo.
Holly adagwiritsidwanso ntchito mufilimu ya Quentin Tarantino ya 1994 Pulp Fiction, momwe Steve Buscemi adasewera woperekera zakudya kutsanzira Holly.
Holly adalemekezedwa ndi nyimbo ziwiri za msonkho mu 2011: Mverani Ine: Buddy Holly wolemba Verve Forecast, yemwe adawonetsa Stevie Nicks, Brian Wilson ndi Ringo Starr, ndi Fantasy/Concord's Rave On Buddy Holly, yomwe inali ndi nyimbo za Paul McCartney, Patti Smith, The Black Keys.
Universal idatulutsa nyimbo ya True Love Ways, pomwe zojambulira zoyambirira za Holly zidasinthidwa ndi nyimbo za Royal Philharmonic Orchestra pa Khrisimasi 2018.
