César Cui (Cesar Cui): Wambiri ya wolemba

Caesar Cui adadziwika ngati woyimba wanzeru, woyimba, mphunzitsi komanso wotsogolera. Anali membala wa "Mighty Handful" ndipo adadziwika ngati pulofesa wodziwika bwino wachitetezo.

Zofalitsa

Kui ndi umunthu wosinthika komanso wodabwitsa. Anakhala moyo wolemera modabwitsa. Anasiya nyimbo zambiri zodziwika bwino pambuyo pake. Nyimbo za maestro zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kulowa kwanyimbo komanso kuwongolera.

Ubwana ndi unyamata

Tsiku lobadwa la Maestro ndi Januware 6, 1835. Iye anabadwira ku Vilnius. Mtsogoleri wa banja anali wochokera ku France. Anatumikira Napoliyoni. Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyi, bambo ake a Kaisara anavulazidwa kwambiri. Anaganiza zosabwerera kwawo. Posakhalitsa bambo a Kaisara anakhazikika ku Vilnius. Kumeneko adadzipeza ali mphunzitsi wachifalansa. Anatenga mwana wamkazi wa mmisiri wolemekezeka kukhala mkazi wake.

Cui anakondweretsa makolo ake ndi chikhumbo cha nyimbo ndi luso. Kale pausinkhu wa zaka zisanu, iye ankatha kubwereza nyimbo zomvedwa ndi makutu. Mlongo wake anamuphunzitsa kuimba piyano, ndipo posakhalitsa aphunzitsi oimba aluso anali atagwirizana kale ndi Kaisara.

Kenako mnyamata waluso adalowa m'bwalo lochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi. Apa iye anadziwa ntchito Chopin. Mothandizidwa ndi ntchito za maestro, Cui wamng'ono amapanga mazurka, omwe amapatulira kulemekeza mphunzitsi wakufayo. Moniuszko atamva ntchito za Cui koyamba, adavomera kuti amupatse maphunziro a harmonica kwaulere. Pasanathe chaka chimodzi, anali kuimba kale chidacho bwinobwino.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 50, Kaisara anakhala wophunzira pasukulu ya uinjiniya ya m’deralo. Patapita zaka 4, iye anatenga udindo wa chizindikiro. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 50, mnyamatayo anamaliza maphunziro a Nikolaev Engineering Academy ndi kukwezedwa kwa lieutenants. Mumtima mwake ankangokhalira kuimba, koma pakali pano anali wokhutira ndi zochepa.

Posakhalitsa, Cui adakhala mphunzitsi wa zolimbitsa thupi, kenako adatenga udindo wa Colonel. Anakwanitsa kumanga ntchito yabwino ndikukhala munthu wolemekezeka.

Njira yopangira komanso nyimbo za maestro Caesar Cui

Chifukwa chake, adakwera koyamba kukhala pulofesa, kenako adalandira udindo wa major General. Iye anali m'modzi mwa oyamba kupereka lingaliro la kugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo m'malo achitetezo amtunda.

Potengera izi, funso lomveka bwino limabuka: momwe, ndi ndandanda yotere komanso moyo wotanganidwa, Cui athanso kuchita nawo nyimbo. Kaisara anakwanitsa pafupifupi zosatheka - iye mwanzeru kupirira ntchito yaikulu, ndipo panthawiyi iye anakwanitsa kuchita nyimbo. Anayamba kulemba zachikondi ali ndi zaka 19. Ntchito zoyambira za maestro zidasindikizidwanso, koma mwatsoka, zidalandiridwa bwino ndi anthu. Anayamba kuphunzira nyimbo mwaukadaulo pokhapokha atamaliza maphunziro ake.

Pa nthawi imeneyi, iye anaonekera mu gulu Balakirev. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Mily sanali wodziwika ndi wopeka ndi woimba, komanso mphunzitsi wolemekezeka. Adakhala wolimbikitsa kwambiri wa Cui. Chotsatira chake, Kaisara adakhala membala wa otchedwa "Mighty Handful".

Panjira, zidapezeka kuti maestro ali ndi mbali imodzi yofooka - kuyimba. Balakirev anayesa kuthandiza bwenzi lake, ndipo nawo kulemba nyimbo payekha. M'mabuku a Cui, zolemba zomwe zili muzolemba za Milia zinali zomveka bwino.

Ntchito zoyamba za Cui zinalibe munthu payekha, kotero Kaisara anakakamizika kukana thandizo lina kuchokera kwa Balakirev. Ngakhale zivute zitani, Milius anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa kamvekedwe ndi kakhalidwe ka nyimbo za Kaisara.

Maestro anakhala mmodzi wa anthu owala kwambiri otchedwa "watsopano Russian sukulu", amene ankaimiridwa ndi mamembala a "Mighty Handful". Nthawi zambiri ankafalitsa masomphenya ake a zomwe zinkachitika panthawiyo m'dziko la chikhalidwe. Panthawi imeneyo, adasindikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito pseudonym yolenga "***". Kamodzi iye anadzudzula Boris Godunov, amene anapweteka kwambiri wolemba opera, woimba ndi kupeka Mussorgsky.

Chiyambi cha Maestro

Posakhalitsa chiwonetsero cha sewero loyamba la Kaisara chinachitika. Tikukamba za ntchito "Mkaidi wa Caucasus". Tiyenera kudziwa kuti opera yomwe idaperekedwa idalembedwa mogwirizana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri aku Russia amazidziwa. Ntchitoyi inanena mobisa kuti opera ya ku France inalimbikitsa kulengedwa kwa Mkaidi wa Kaisara ku Caucasus.

Kukonzanso mu nyimbo zochititsa chidwi kunapangitsa kuti sewero la "William Ratcliffe" likhale labwino kwambiri. Katswiriyu anayamba kupanga nyimbo kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 60. Ankafuna kuphatikiza malemba ndi nyimbo pamodzi. Woipekayo adayandikira kukula kwa zigawo za mawu, pogwiritsa ntchito mawu omveka bwino komanso omveka bwino, komanso symphony ya nyimbo zoyimba.

Ntchito yoperekedwa potsiriza inatsegula gawo latsopano pakukula kwa zisudzo zaku Russia. Ngakhale kwenikweni "William Ratcliffe" alibe chizindikiro cha dziko. Trite, koma zoona. Orchestration inakhala mbali yofooka ya opera yomwe inaperekedwa. Pamene "Ratcliff" inakonzedwa kuti iwonetsedwe m'bwalo la zisudzo ku St. Petersburg, Cui adapempha omvera chinthu chimodzi chokha - kuti asapite kuwonetsero. Iye anamvetsa zofooka zake, ndipo anafuna kusunga mbiri yake kukhala yoyera.

Choncho opera "Ratcliff", amene ankafuna kuika pa siteji, anaonekera kwa anthu patatha zaka makumi atatu. Katswiriyu wagwira ntchitoyo mosamala kwambiri kuti afotokozere anthu mawu abwino. Zoterezi zinagweranso Angelo.

Nyimbo zambiri za Cui zidaperekedwa kwa omvera a ana. Iye adalenga mndandanda wonse wa nyimbo zosaiŵalika momwe munali malo amatsenga, zinsinsi ndi zamatsenga. Zoimba kwa ana zinali zosavuta, koma nthawi yomweyo anakopeka ndi zovuta za nyimbo. Amalembedwa m’chinenero chosavuta koma chomveka kwa omvera a ana.

Zina mwa zisudzo za ana zodziwika bwino za maestro ndi:

• "Snow ngwazi";
• "Kakachipewa kofiyira kakang'ono kokwera";
•  "Mafinya mu nsapato";
•  "Ivan the Fool".

Mbiri

Sitingathe kutchula kuti repertoire ya maestro inali yodzaza ndi zachikondi zambiri. Adalemba nyimbo zopitilira 400. Mabuku a Cui alibe mawonekedwe a couplet ndi kubwerezabwereza kwa malembawo, koma apa ndipamene zest yawo ili.

Kusankhidwa kwa malemba a ntchito zanyimbo kumachitidwa ndi kukoma kwakukulu. Anatha kupanga chithunzi chonse chamaganizo kuchokera ku chikondi chachifupi kwambiri. Pakati pa ntchito za Cui panali malo osati mitu yamalingaliro ndi chikondi. Anali waluso popeka nyimbo zoseketsa.

Koma, komabe, talente ya maestro nthawi zambiri imakhala yanyimbo. Ayi, sewero si kalembedwe kake. Katswiriyu anali waluso popereka zilembo zachikazi. Koma chomwe kwenikweni chinali kusowa mu nyimbo zake - ukulu ndi mphamvu. Iye ankadana moona mtima mwano, banality ndi kukoma zoipa. Cui amatha kugwira ntchito zake kwa nthawi yayitali. Katswiriyu ankakonda kupanga tinyimbo tating'ono.

Ngakhale kuti Kaisara anali ndi luso lodziwikiratu, ambiri a opera ake "canvases" potsiriza anachotsedwa pa siteji. Izi ndizomveka ndipo zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi talente yake, makamaka chamber-lyrical.

Tsatanetsatane wa moyo waumwini

Mu 1858, Maestro anakwatira wokongola Malvina Bamberg. Mphunzitsi wa mtsikanayo anali wolemba Dargomyzhsky. Cui adapereka mwayi wake woyamba kwa mkazi uyu. Mutu waukulu m’ntchito ya Kaisara unali zilembo zoyamba za dzina lakuti Malvina.

Zosangalatsa za woimba Kaisara Cui

1. Iye anaphunzitsa yekha Nicholas II.
2. Kaisara anasindikiza mabuku angapo. Kenako asilikali a ku Russia anaphunzira mabuku ake.
3. Anaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa otsutsa amphamvu kwambiri komanso osagwedezeka. Sanachite mantha kuteteza zofuna za olemba amakono.
4. Anathandiza kwambiri ntchito ya usilikali. Cui ali ndi zopambana zambiri pakulimbitsa. Chifukwa cha ntchito yake, adalandira maoda opitilira 10.
5. Katswiriyu adathandizira kumaliza imodzi mwamasewera a Mussorgsky.

Zaka zomaliza za moyo wa woimba Kaisara Cui

Anakhala ndi moyo kuposa anzake ndi anzake. Anatha kulenga zochitika, zomwe zimachititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kulalikira kwachikondi kwa Russian intelligentsia. Mu 1918, adalembera M. S. Kerzina kuti:

“Timakhala tsiku ndi tsiku. Tikuzizira ndi njala. Ndipo ngati mungaganizire, ndi nthawi yosangalatsa bwanji yomwe tikukumana nayo ... ".

Zofalitsa

Miyezi 4 idzadutsa ndipo omutsatira ake adzanena za imfa ya maestro. Chifukwa cha imfa chinali kukha mwazi muubongo. Anamwalira pa Marichi 26, 1918.