Pa ntchito yayitali yolenga, Claude Debussy adapanga ntchito zingapo zanzeru. Zoyambira komanso zinsinsi zidapindulitsa maestro. Iye sanazindikire miyambo yachikale ndipo adalowa mndandanda wa otchedwa "artistic outcasts". Sikuti aliyense anazindikira ntchito ya namatetule zoyimba, koma mwanjira ina anatha kukhala mmodzi wa oimira bwino impressionism m'dziko lakwawo.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Iye anabadwira ku Paris. Tsiku lobadwa la Maestro ndi August 22, 1862. Claude anakulira m’banja lalikulu. Kwa nthawi ndithu banjali linkakhala ku likulu la France, koma patapita nthawi banja lalikulu linasamukira ku Cannes. Posakhalitsa Claude anayamba kuzolowerana ndi zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za nyimbo zachikale. Anaphunzira makibodi pansi pa Jean Cerutti wa ku Italy.
Anaphunzira mwamsanga. Claude adagwira chilichonse pa ntchentche. Patapita nthawi, mnyamata anapitiriza kudziwa nyimbo, koma pa Paris Conservatory. Iye ankasangalala ndi ntchito yake. Claude anali ndi mbiri yabwino ndi aphunzitsi.
Mu 1874, khama la woimba wamng'ono anali kuyamikiridwa. Analandira mphoto yake yoyamba. Claude anatengera chitsanzo cha woimba komanso wopeka nyimbo.
Anakhala tchuthi chake chachilimwe ku nyumba yachifumu ya Chenonceau, komwe amachereza alendo ndi kuimba kwake piyano kodabwitsa. Moyo wapamwamba sunali wachilendo kwa iye, kotero patatha chaka chimodzi woimbayo adatenga udindo wophunzitsa m'nyumba ya Nadezhda von Meck. Pambuyo pake, adakhala zaka zingapo akuyendayenda m'mayiko a ku Ulaya. Kenako amalemba timakanema zingapo. Tikukamba za ntchito za Ballade à la lune ndi Madrid, princesse des Espagnes.
Iye nthawi zonse ankaphwanya malamulo akale a nyimbo. Tsoka, njira iyi idakondedwa ndi aphunzitsi onse a Paris Conservatory. Ngakhale izi, luso lodziwikiratu la Debussy silinasokonezedwe ndi kukonzanso. Analandira "Prix de Rome" popanga cantata L'enfant prodigue. Pambuyo pake, Claude anapitiriza maphunziro ake ku Italy. Iye ankakonda mmene zinthu zinalili m’dzikoli. Mpweya wa ku Italy unali wodzaza ndi zatsopano komanso ufulu.
Mwina ndicho chifukwa chake nyimbo za Claude, zolembedwa panthawi yomwe amakhala ku Italy, adafotokozedwa ndi aphunzitsi kuti ndi "zodabwitsa, zokongola komanso zosamvetsetseka." Atabwerera kudziko lakwawo, anataya ufulu wake. Claude anakhudzidwa ndi zolemba za Richard Wagner. Patapita nthawi, iye anadzigwira kuganiza kuti ntchito za kupeka German alibe tsogolo.
kulenga njira
Ntchito zoyambira zomwe zidachokera ku cholembera cha maestro sizinamubweretsere kutchuka. Kawirikawiri, anthu adalandira mwansangala ntchito za wolembayo, koma sizinali zodziwika.
Olemba anzawo adazindikira luso la Claude mu 1893. Debussy adalembetsa mu komiti ya National Musical Society. Kumeneko, maestro adapereka nyimbo yolembedwa posachedwa "String Quartet".
Chaka chino chidzakhala chosaiwalika kwa wolemba. Mu 1983, padzachitikanso chochitika china chimene chidzasintha kwambiri mkhalidwe wake m’chitaganya. Claude adapita nawo ku sewero lochokera pa sewero la Maurice Maeterlinck "Pelléas et Mélisande". Anachoka m'bwalo la zisudzo ali ndi kukoma kosasangalatsa. Katswiriyu adazindikira kuti seweroli liyenera kubadwanso kukhala opera. Debussy adalandira chivomerezo cha wolemba waku Belgian kuti asinthe nyimbo zantchitoyo, pambuyo pake adayamba kugwira ntchito.
Pachimake pa ntchito kulenga Claude Debussy
Patatha chaka chimodzi anamaliza opera. Woipeka adapereka kwa anthu ntchito "Madzulo a Faun". Osati mafani okha komanso otsutsa otchuka omwe adayamika zoyesayesa za Claude. Anali pachimake pa ntchito yake yolenga.
M’zaka za zana latsopano, anayamba kupezeka pamisonkhano ya gulu losakhazikika la Les Apaches. Anthu ammudzi adaphatikizanso zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zomwe zidadzitcha "ochotsedwa mwaluso". Ambiri mwa mamembala a bungweli anali pa masewero oyambirira a Claude's orchestral Nocturnes yotchedwa "Mitambo", "Zikondwerero" ndi "Sirens". Lingaliro la ziwerengero zachikhalidwe linagawanika: ena ankaona kuti Debussy ndi wotayika, pamene ena, m'malo mwake, adatamanda luso la woimbayo.
Mu 1902, sewero loyamba la opera Pelléas et Mélisande linachitika. Ntchito yoimba inagawanso anthu. Debussy anali ndi onse omwe amasilira komanso omwe sanatengere ntchito ya Mfalansayo.
Ngakhale kuti maganizo otsutsa nyimbo anagawanika, kuwonekera koyamba kugulu wa opera anapereka anali wopambana kwambiri. Sewerolo linalandiridwa mwachikondi ndi omvera. Debussy analimbitsa ulamuliro wake. Mu nthawi yomweyo iye anakhala Knight wa Order of the Legion of Honor. Zindikirani kuti kusindikiza kwathunthu kwa pepala la nyimbo kudasindikizidwa patatha zaka zingapo pambuyo powonetsedwa kwa mawu.
Posakhalitsa kuwonekera koyamba kugulu wa imodzi mwa ntchito olowa kwambiri repertoire Debussy zinachitika. Tikulankhula za symphonic zikuchokera "Sea". Nkhaniyo inayambitsanso mkangano. Ngakhale zinali choncho, ntchito za Claude zinamveka kwambiri kuchokera ku masitepe apamwamba kwambiri a ku Ulaya.
Kupambana kunalimbikitsa wolemba nyimbo wa ku France kuzinthu zatsopano. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana latsopano, adalenga mwina zidutswa zodziwika kwambiri za piyano. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi "Preludes", yomwe ili ndi zolemba ziwiri.
Mu 1914 anayamba kulemba kuzungulira kwa sonatas. Kalanga, sanamalize ntchito yake. Panthawiyi, thanzi la maestro linagwedezeka kwambiri. Mu 1917 adalemba nyimbo za piyano ndi violin. Uku kunali kutha kwa ntchito yake.
Tsatanetsatane wa moyo wa Claude Debussy
Mosakayikira, wolembayo adakondwera ndi kugonana kwabwino. Chikhumbo choyamba cha Debussy chinali mkazi wokongola wachifalansa dzina lake Marie. Pa nthawi imene ankadziwana, iye anakwatiwa ndi Henri Vasnier. Anakhala mbuye wa Claude ndipo anamutonthoza kwa zaka 7.
Mtsikanayo anapeza mphamvu mwa iye yekha ndipo anathetsa ubale ndi Debussy. Marie anabwerera kwa mwamuna wake. Kwa Claudie, mkazi wa ku France wokwatiwa wakhala nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale. Anapereka nyimbo zoposa 20 kwa mtsikanayo.
Sanachite chisoni kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo adapeza chitonthozo m'manja mwa Gabrielle Dupont. Patatha zaka zingapo, okondawo adaganiza zotengera ubale wawo pamlingo wina. Banjali linakhazikika m’nyumba imodzi. Koma Debussy anali munthu wosakhulupirika - adanyenga wosankhidwa wake ndi Teresa Roger. Mu 1894, iye anafunsira mkazi. Anzake a Claude anatsutsa khalidwe lake. Anachita chilichonse kuti ukwatiwu usachitike.
Claude anakwatira patatha zaka 5. Nthawi imeneyi anali Marie-Rosalie Textier amene anaba mtima wake. Mkaziyo sanayerekeze kukhala mkazi wa wolemba kwa nthawi yaitali. Anapita ku chinyengo, kunena kuti ngati sangakwatiwe, adzipha.
Mkazi, anali ndi kukongola kwaumulungu, koma anali wopusa ndi wopusa. Iye sankamvetsa nyimbo konse ndipo sakanakhoza kusunga kampani Debussy. Popanda kuganiza kawiri, Claude akutumiza mayiyo kwa makolo ake ndikuyamba chibwenzi ndi mkazi wokwatiwa dzina lake Emma Bardak. Mkazi wa boma, amene anamva za ziwembu za mwamuna wake, anayesa kudzipha. Abwenzi atadziwa za ulendo wotsatira wa Debussy, adamutsutsa.
Mu 1905, mbuye wa Claude anakhala ndi pakati. Debussy, kuyesera kuteteza wokondedwa wake, anasamukira ku London. Patapita nthawi, banjali linabwerera ku Paris. Mkaziyo anabala mwana wamkazi kuchokera kwa woipeka. Patapita zaka zitatu anakwatirana.
Imfa ya Claude Debussy
Mu 1908, anapatsidwa matenda okhumudwitsa. Kwa zaka 10, wolembayo adalimbana ndi khansa yapakhungu. Anamuchita opaleshoni. Tsoka ilo, opaleshoniyo sinasinthe mkhalidwe wa Claude.
M'miyezi yomaliza ya moyo wake, iye kwenikweni sanali kulemba nyimbo. Zinali zovuta kwa iye kuchita zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Anali wodzipatula ndipo sanali wochezeka. Mwinamwake, Debussy anazindikira kuti posachedwapa adzafa.
Anakhala chifukwa cha chisamaliro cha mkazi wake wovomerezeka ndi mwana wawo wamkazi. Mu 1918, chithandizocho sichinathandizenso. Anamwalira pa Marichi 25, 1918. Iye anafera m’nyumba yake, ku likulu la dziko la France.
Achibale sanathe kukonza mwambo wamalirowo. Zonsezi ndichifukwa cha Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse. Bokosi la maestro lidanyamulidwa m'misewu yopanda kanthu yaku France.
