Count Basie ndi woyimba piyano wa jazi wotchuka waku America, woyimba, komanso mtsogoleri wa gulu lalikulu lachipembedzo. Basie ndi mmodzi mwa anthu ofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya swing. Anakwanitsa zosatheka - adapanga blues kukhala mtundu wapadziko lonse lapansi.
Ubwana ndi unyamata wa Count Basie
Count Basie anali ndi chidwi ndi nyimbo kuyambira ali mwana. Mayiyo anaona kuti mnyamatayo ankakonda nyimbo, choncho anamuphunzitsa kuimba piyano. Ali wamkulu, Count adalembedwa ntchito ndi mphunzitsi yemwe adamuphunzitsa kuyimba chida choimbira.
Monga ana onse, Count adapita kusekondale. Mnyamatayo ankalota za moyo wapaulendo, chifukwa carnivals zambiri ankabwera ku tauni yawo. Atalandira dipuloma yake ya kusekondale, Basie adagwira ntchito yanthawi yochepa m'bwalo lamasewera.
Mnyamatayo adaphunzira mwachangu kuyang'anira zowunikira zawonetsero za vaudeville. Anachita bwino pa ntchito zina zazing'ono, zomwe adalandira ziphaso zaulere kupita ku ziwonetsero.
Kamodzi Count adayenera kusintha woyimba piyano. Aka kanali koyamba kukhala pa siteji. Koyamba kunali kopambana. Mwamsanga anaphunzira kuwongolera nyimbo za mawonetsero ndi mafilimu opanda phokoso.
Panthawi imeneyo, Count Basie anali kugwira ntchito ngati woimba m'magulu osiyanasiyana. Maguluwa adasewera m'malo amakalabu, malo ochitirako tchuthi, mabala ndi malo odyera. Panthawi ina, Count adayendera chiwonetsero cha Mafumu a Syncopation ndi Harry Richardson.
Posakhalitsa Count adadzipangira yekha chisankho chovuta. Anasamukira ku New York, kumene anakumana ndi James P. Johnson, Fats Waller, ndi oimba ena othamanga ku Harlem.
Njira yopangira Count Basie
Atasamuka, Count Basie anagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali m'magulu oimba a John Clark ndi Sonny Greer. Iye ankasewera cabarets ndi ma disco. Inali sinali nthawi yabwino kwambiri ponena za kuchuluka kwa ntchito. Count sanavutike chifukwa chosowa chidwi. M'malo mwake, ndondomeko yake inali yotanganidwa kwambiri moti pamapeto pake woimbayo anayamba kusokonezeka kwamanjenje.
Basie adaganiza zopumira kaye. Anamvetsetsa bwino lomwe kuti mumkhalidwe wotere sipangakhale zokamba. Patapita nthawi, Count anabwerera ku siteji.
Anayamba kugwira nawo ntchito zosiyanasiyana Keith & Toba ali ndi zaka 20. Basie adakwezedwa kukhala wotsogolera nyimbo komanso woperekeza. Mu 1927, anatsagana ndi kagulu kakang’ono ka nyimbo ku Kansas City. Woimbayo adakhala m'tawuni yachigawo kwa nthawi yayitali, gululo linasweka ndipo oimba adatsala opanda ntchito.
Basie adakhala gawo la gulu lodziwika bwino la Walter Page's Blue Devils. Basie anali m’gululi mpaka 1929. Kenako anathandizana ndi oimba oimba osadziwika bwino. Udindo uwu wa woimba sunagwirizane. Chilichonse chidachitika pomwe adakhala gawo la Bennie Moten's Kansas City Orchestra.
Benny Moten anamwalira mu 1935. Chochitika chomvetsa chisonichi chinakakamiza Count ndi mamembala a oimba kuti apange gulu latsopano. Inali ndi mamembala asanu ndi anayi omwe anali ndi drummer Joe Jones ndi tenor saxophonist Lester Young. Gulu latsopanoli lidayamba kuyimba pansi pa dzina lakuti Barons of Rhythm.
Chiyambi cha Reno Club
Patapita nthawi, oimba anayamba ntchito pa Reno Club (Kansas City). Nyimbo za gululo zinayamba kupangidwanso mwachangu pamawayilesi am'deralo. Izi zidadzetsa kutchuka komanso mgwirizano ndi National Booking Agency ndi Decca Records.
Mothandizidwa ndi wailesi konsati khamu Basie analandira mutu wakuti "Kuwerengera" ("Kuwerengera"). Ensemble wa woimba nthawi zonse anayamba. Oimbawo anayesa mawu. Posakhalitsa adayimba pansi pa dzina latsopano lakuti Count Basie Orchestra. Zinali pansi pa pseudonym yolenga kotero kuti gululo linafika pa udindo wa gulu lalikulu kwambiri la nthawi ya swing.
Posakhalitsa nyimbo za gululo zidagwera m'manja mwa wopanga John Hammond. Anathandiza oimba kuchoka m'chigawocho ndikupita ku New York. The Basie Count Ensemble inasiyanitsidwa ndi mfundo yakuti inali ndi oimba apadera - oimba nyimbo zenizeni.
Zolemba zamphamvu zimalola kukhutitsa nyimboyo ndi zidutswa "zowutsa mudyo" zochokera ku blues harmonic scheme, ndipo pafupifupi "popita" kuti apange ma riffs omwe amathandiza oimba okwiya.
Mu 1936, gulu la Count Basie Orchestra linali ndi oimba otchuka awa:
- Buck Clayton;
- Harry Edison;
- Tsamba la Milomo Yotentha;
- Lester Young;
- Hershel Evans;
- Earl Warren;
- Buddy Tate;
- Benny Morton;
- Dicky Wells.
Gawo la rhythm la gululo lidazindikirika moyenera kuti ndilopambana kwambiri mu jazi. Zokhudza nyimbo zoimbidwa. Okonda nyimbo ayenera kumvetsera: One O'Clock Jump, Jumpin' at the Woodside, Taxi war Dance.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1940
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1940 kunayamba ndi chakuti oimba atsopano adalowa nawo gululo. Tikukamba za Don Bayes, Lucky Thompson, Illinois Jacket, lipenga Joe Newman, trombonist Vicki Dickenson, JJ Johnson.
Pofika 1944, zolemba zoposa 3 miliyoni za gululi zidagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Zikuwoneka kuti ntchito ya oimba iyenera kupitiliza kukula. Koma kunalibe kumeneko.
Mu ntchito ya Basie ndi gulu lake lalikulu, chifukwa cha nyengo ya nkhondo, panali vuto kulenga. Zolembazo zinkasintha nthawi zonse, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti phokoso la nyimbo ziwonongeke. Pafupifupi ma ensembles onse adakumana ndi zovuta zopanga. Basie sanachitire mwina koma kungochotsa mndandandawo mu 1950.
Mu 1952, gululi linayambiranso ntchito zake. Kubwezeretsa mbiri ya Basie, gulu lake linayamba kuyendera mwachangu. Oimba atulutsa ntchito zingapo zoyenera. Count adalandira dzina la "mbuye wa swing". Mu 1954, oimba anapita ku Ulaya.
M'zaka zingapo zotsatira, zojambula za ensemble zawonjezeredwa ndi zolemba zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, Basie adatulutsa zosonkhanitsira payekha ndikuthandizana ndi ojambula ena a pop.
Kuyambira 1955, woyimba mobwerezabwereza watenga udindo wotsogolera mu zisankho za okonda jazi ndi otsutsa nyimbo. Posakhalitsa adapanga nyumba yosindikizira nyimbo.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, gulu la gululo linasintha nthawi ndi nthawi. Koma mu nkhani iyi anali kupindula repertoire. Zolembazo zinakhalabe ndi mphamvu, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, zolemba "zatsopano" zinamveka mkati mwake.
Kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1970, Count adawonekera pang'onopang'ono pa siteji. Zonsezi ndichifukwa cha matenda omwe adachotsa mphamvu mwa iye. Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, adatsogolera gululo kuchokera panjinga ya olumala. Zaka zomaliza za moyo wake woimba anakhala pa desiki - analemba mbiri yake.
Basie atamwalira, Frank Foster adakhala mtsogoleri. Kenako gulu la oimba linatsogoleredwa ndi trombonist Grover Mitchell. Tsoka ilo, gulu lopanda luso lowerengera linayamba kuzimiririka pakapita nthawi. Mabwanawa adalephera kutsatira njira ya Basie.
Imfa ya Count Basie
Woimbayo anamwalira pa April 26, 1984. Count anamwalira ali ndi zaka 79. Chifukwa cha imfa ndi khansa ya kapamba.
