Zikafika kwa oimba a opera, Enrico Caruso ndioyenera kutchulidwa.
Tenor wotchuka wanthawi zonse ndi nthawi, mwini wa mawu omveka bwino a baritone, anali ndi njira yapadera yamawu yosinthira ku mawu aatali ena panthawi yakuchita gawolo.
Nzosadabwitsa kuti wolemba nyimbo wotchuka wa ku Italy Giacomo Puccini, atamva mawu a Enrico kwa nthawi yoyamba, anamutcha "mthenga wa Mulungu."
Zaka 10 asanamwalire, woimba nyimbo za opera adadziwika kuti "Mfumu ya Tenor". Ndipo nthawi imene woimba ankakhala monyadira amatchedwa "Karuzov a".
Ndiye "chochitika" ichi ndi ndani ponena za mphamvu ndi nthawi? Nchifukwa chiyani amatchedwa wamkulu pakati pa akuluakulu ndikuyika mofanana ndi nthano za siteji ya opera Ruffo ndi Chaliapin? N’chifukwa chiyani nyimbo zake zidakali zotchuka?
Ubwana wovuta wa Enrico Caruso
Mwini wa talente yodziwika bwino anabadwira ku Italy kunja kwa Naples yadzuwa pa February 25, 1873 m'dera la mafakitale. Makolo a m'tsogolo otchuka ankakhala movutikira kwambiri.
Ali wamng'ono, mnyamatayo anatumizidwa kusukulu, kumene adangophunzira maphunziro a pulayimale, kuphunzira zofunikira za luso lojambula ndi kuphunzira zolemba ndi kuwerengera.
Bambo a woyimbayo (makanika mwa ntchito) ankalota kuti mwana wawo atsatira mapazi ake. Caruso atangokwanitsa zaka 11, anatumizidwa kukaphunzira ndi injiniya wina wodziwika bwino. Komabe, Enrico analibe chidwi ndi mapangidwe ndi zomangamanga. Iye ankakonda kuyimba mu kwaya ya tchalitchi.
Pamene mnyamatayo anali ndi zaka 15, amayi ake anamwalira ndi kolera. Moyo wakhala wovuta kwambiri pazachuma. Kuti apulumuke, mnyamatayo anaganiza zothandiza atate wake.
Atasiya maphunziro ake, Enrico anakapeza ntchito m’mashopu, koma sanasiye kuimba m’kachisi. Akhristu a parishiyo anachita chidwi ndi mawu odabwitsa a mnyamatayo. Anaitanidwa kuti aimbire wokondedwa wake nyimbo za serenade, kulipira mowolowa manja ntchito zake.
Molimbikitsidwa ndi malingaliro a anthu, Caruso adapita kukaimba yekha mumsewu. Ntchito yoteroyo inkabweretsa ndalama zochepa koma zokhazikika m’banjamo.
Kukumana kosangalatsa ndi Guglielmo Vergine
Sizikudziwika kuti munthu amayenera kuchita bwanji mu "makonsati" amsewu, akuimba nyimbo zamtundu wa Neapolitan ndi ma ballads, ngati tsiku lina pamasewero otere, wojambula wachinyamata waluso sanazindikire mmodzi wa aphunzitsi a sukulu ya mawu, Guglielmo. Vergine.
Ndi iye amene anakakamiza abambo a mnyamatayo (Marcello Caruso) kuti atumize mwana wake ku sukulu ya nyimbo. Marcello sanadalire kuti apambana, komabe adavomereza.
Posakhalitsa, Vergine adawonetsa mnyamata wamphatsoyo kwa woyimba wotchuka wa opera Masini. Katswiri wa teno wodziwika bwino anayamikira kwambiri luso la wophunzirayo, ndipo ananena kuti munthu ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphatso yachibadwa.
Ludzu lofuna kusiya umphawi ndi kufuna kutchuka zinagwira ntchito yawo. Caruso anagwira ntchito mwakhama m'moyo wake wonse ndipo anagwira ntchito mwakhama, zomwe adalandira kuzindikira konsekonse osati kunyumba, komanso kutali ndi malire ake.
Gawo lalikulu la ntchito yolenga ya Enrico Caruso
Poyambira, "nthawi yabwino kwambiri" yogonjetsa siteji inali ntchito ya Enzo mu opera "La Gioconda" mu 1897 ku Palermo. Komabe, kukwera kwachipambanoko kunathera pakulephera kochititsa chidwi.
Kudzikuza kwakukulu kapena kusafuna kusiya ndalama zolipirira ntchito za clackers kunapangitsa kuti anthu asayamikire ntchitoyo.
Enrico, atakhumudwitsidwa ndi omvera a Neapolitan, anapita kukaona maiko ndi mizinda ina ya Italy. Malo oyamba anali kutali komanso osadziwika ku Russia. Zinali zisudzo zakunja zomwe zidalemekeza woyimbayo.
Mu 1900 anabwerera ku dziko laling'ono. Monga woimba wotchuka wa zigawo za opera, iye anachita kale pa siteji pa lodziwika bwino "La Scala".
Posakhalitsa Caruso anapitanso kukaona malo. Iye anapereka zoimbaimba mu London, Berlin, Hamburg ndi mizinda ina European.
Koma mawu ake amatsenga adakhudza kwambiri okonda aku America amtundu wa opera. Anaimba kwa nthawi yoyamba pa Metropolitan Opera (New York) mu 1903, woimbayo anakhala soloist waukulu wa zisudzo kwa zaka pafupifupi 20. Kudwala kwa woimbayo ndi imfa yake mwadzidzidzi zinamulepheretsa kupitiriza ntchito yake yozunguza mutu.
Nyimbo zodziwika bwino komanso nyimbo za Enrico Caruso:
- "Chikondi Potion" - Nemorino.
- "Rigoletto" - The Duke.
- "Carmen" - Jose.
- "Aida" - Radames.
- Pagliacci - Canio.
- O Sole Mio.
Zowona za moyo wamunthu
Caruso ankasangalala ndi amuna kapena akazi anzawo. Ubale waukulu woyamba wa woimbayo unali ndi diva ya ku Italy ya Ada Giachetti. Komabe, achinyamata sanakhazikitse ubalewo, atakhala zaka 11 muukwati wamba.
Ada anaberekera mwamuna wake ana anayi, ndipo awiri mwa iwo anamwalira ali aang’ono. Banjali linasweka pa ntchito ya mkazi, yemwe adathawa wokondedwa wake wakale ndi wosankhidwa watsopano - dalaivala.
Amadziwika kuti Enrico Caruso anakwatira mwalamulo kamodzi. Mkazi wake anali mwana wamkazi wa Milionea wa ku America Dorothy Park Benjamin, yemwe anali naye mpaka imfa yake.
Tenor wotchuka anamwalira ali ndi zaka 48 kuchokera ku purulent pleurisy (August 2, 1921). Pafupifupi anthu 80 adabwera kudzatsazikana ndi woyimba wawo yemwe amawakonda kwambiri.
Mtembo woumitsidwawo unasungidwa mu galasi la sarcophagus kumanda ku Naples. Patangopita zaka zochepa womwalirayo anaikidwa m’manda amwala.
Zambiri zosangalatsa kuchokera ku mbiri ya woyimbayo
- Pokumbukira malemu mwamuna wake, Dorothy adasindikiza mabuku a 2 operekedwa ku moyo wa mwamuna waluso komanso wokondedwa.
- Caruso ndiye woyimba woyamba wa opera yemwe adalemba ma arias pamasewera ake pa rekodi ya galamafoni.
- Monga mmodzi mwa akatswiri ojambula omwe amafunidwa kwambiri, Enrico amadziwikanso ngati wosonkhanitsa zinthu zakale, ndalama zakale ndi masitampu.
- Woimbayo anajambula caricatures ndi caricatures bwino, ankaimba zida zingapo zoimbira, analemba ntchito zake ( "Serenade", "Sweet Kuzunza").
- Pambuyo pa imfa ya tenor wotchuka, kandulo yaikulu idapangidwa kukhala yoposa $3500 (zochuluka kwambiri masiku amenewo). Ikhoza kuyatsidwa kamodzi pachaka pamaso pa Madonna mu mpingo wa ku America wa St. Pompey.
Mphatso yachilengedwe, njira yoyambira yochitira zisudzo zanyimbo komanso zochititsa chidwi, kufunitsitsa ndi kulimbikira zidalola Enrico Caruso kukwaniritsa zolinga zake ndikuyenera kuzindikirika padziko lonse lapansi.
Masiku ano, dzina lakuti Caruso lafala kwambiri. Umu ndi momwe amatchulira matalente enieni, eni ake a luso lapadera la mawu. Kuyerekeza ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri zanthawi zonse ndi ulemu wapamwamba kwambiri kwa wochita sewero.
