Ngati tikulankhula za chikondi mu nyimbo, ndiye kuti sangalephere kutchula dzina la Franz Schubert. Peru maestro ali ndi nyimbo 600 zoyimba. Masiku ano, dzina la woimbayo limagwirizanitsidwa ndi nyimbo "Ave Maria" ("Nyimbo Yachitatu ya Ellen").
Schubert sanafune kukhala ndi moyo wapamwamba. Iye angalole kukhala ndi moyo pamlingo wosiyana kotheratu, koma kukhala ndi zolinga zauzimu. Kenako anakhala ngati wopemphapempha.
Nthawi ina maestro anapachika jekete lake pakhonde ndipo matumba ali mkati. Choncho, ankafuna kudziwitsa anthu amene ankamubwereketsa kuti panalibenso chilichonse choti amulande. Anakhala moyo waufupi koma wodabwitsa wolenga zinthu. Kutchuka kwake kunakula kwambiri pambuyo pa imfa ya maestro. Pa moyo wake, luso la namatetule anazindikira kokha mu dziko lakwawo Austria.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Iye amachokera ku tawuni yaing'ono, yomwe ili pafupi ndi zokongola za Vienna (Austria). Franz anakulira m’banja losauka pantchito. Kuphatikiza pa mwana wamphatso, banjali lidalera ana ena 6. Poyamba, banja la Schubert linali ndi ana 15, koma 9 a iwo anamwalira ali wakhanda.
Nthawi zambiri ankaimba nyimbo kunyumba. Banjali linkakhala modzichepetsa kwambiri, ndipo kungoimba nyimbo n’kumene kunathandiza kuthetsa mavuto. Bambo ndi mwana wamwamuna wamkulu ankaimba zida zingapo zoimbira.
Mnyamatayo anayamba kuphunzira nyimbo notation kuyambira ali wamng'ono. Mtsogoleri wa banja anaona talente inayake mwa mwana wake, choncho anamutumiza ku sukulu ya parishi. Kumeneko anaphunzira kuimba limba ndipo anakulitsa luso lake loimba mpaka kufika pamlingo waukatswiri.
Posakhalitsa munthuyo analembetsa kwaya mu chapel, umene unali Vienna. Patapita nthawi, analoledwa kukhala wolakwa (sukulu yogonera). Apa adapanga anzawo omwe "adapumira" nyimbo. Ngakhale chitukuko ambiri, Schubert anakumana ndi zovuta kuphunzira Latin ndi sayansi yeniyeni.
Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, Franz analandiridwa m’kwaya yachifumu. Chisangalalo cha makolo chinalibe malire. Iwo ankayembekezera kuti chuma chawo chidzayenda bwino. Pa nthawi yomweyi, adalemba zolemba zake zoyambirira. Pamene mkulu wa banja anamva za Antonio Salieri akuyamika mwana wake, potsirizira pake anatsimikiza kuti anali katswiri.
Njira yopangira nyimbo ya Franz Schubert
Unyamata anachotsa chinthu chachikulu kwa Schubert - mawu sonorous. Kwenikweni, pachifukwa ichi, adakakamizika kuchoka ku Konvikt. Mtsogoleri wa banja anayamba kulimbikira kuti mwana wake atsatire mapazi ake ndikuchita bwino ntchito ya uphunzitsi. Franz analibe kulimba mtima kukana chifuniro cha atate wake. Mnyamatayo anapita kukagwira ntchito pasukulu ina yapafupi.
Ntchitoyi sinapatse maestro chisangalalo. Iye ankakonda kwambiri nyimbo, choncho kuphunzitsa kusukulu kunali kofanana ndi ntchito yolemetsa. Pakati pa maphunziro, Franz anatenga kope ndikupitiriza kulemba nyimbo. Schubert anasangalala ndi ntchito ya Beethoven ndi Gluck.
Posakhalitsa adapereka opera yoyamba yothandiza kwa mafani a nyimbo zachikale. Tikukamba za nyimbo za "Satana's Pleasure Castle" ndi "Misa mu F Major".
Schubert adanena m'mabuku ake kuti nyimbo sizinamusiye kwa mphindi imodzi. Katswiriyu analotanso za nyimbozo. Mwadala anadzuka m’tulo kuti alembe zimene analemba m’kope.
Kumapeto kwa sabata, alendo adasonkhana kunyumba ya Schubert. Iwo anabwera ndi cholinga chimodzi chokha - kumvetsera nyimbo zanzeru za maestro achichepere. Madzulo osakonzekera a Franz sanali oipitsitsa kuposa ma concert odziwika m'nyumba za opera.
Mu 1816, Franz anayesa kupeza ntchito monga mtsogoleri m’nyumba yopemphereramo kwaya. Ngakhale kuti anali wodziwa bwino kwambiri pankhani ya nyimbo, mapulani a Schubert sanakonzedwe kuti akwaniritsidwe.
Panthawi imeneyi anakumana ndi Johann Fogal. Chifukwa cha thandizo la omalizawa, mamiliyoni ambiri okhala ku Austria osamala adaphunzira za talente ya Schubert. Fogal adapanga nyimbo zachikondi motsagana ndi Schubert.
Ambiri adanena kuti masewera a Schubert sanali abwino. Luso lake silingafanane ndi Beethoven. Kaŵirikaŵiri sanali kukopa omvera ndi maseŵero mwaluso, motero Fogal ankawomba m’manja kwambiri.
Mu 1817 iye anakhala mlembi wa nyimbo zikuchokera "Trout". Kuphatikiza apo, katswiriyu adapanga nyimbo zotsagana ndi Goethe's brilliant ballad "The Forest King". Patapita nthawi, ulamuliro wa Franz unayamba kulimbikitsidwa.
Kutchuka kwa wolemba nyimbo Franz Schubert
Chifukwa cha kutchuka, Franz anaganiza zosiya ntchito ya mphunzitsi. Analengeza za chisankho chake kwa abambo ake, omwe adachita mwankhanza kwambiri. Mutu wabanja anamana mwana wake wamwamuna. Ndipo anakakamizika kufunafuna malo m’nyumba za anzake.
Fortune sanamwetulire maestro. Mwachitsanzo, opera ya Alfonso e Estrella inalandira ndemanga zoipa kuchokera kwa otsutsa nyimbo. "Kulephera" kumaphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chithandizo chakuthupi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye anadwala matenda amene anawononga thanzi lake. Wolemba nyimboyo adachoka kumudzi kwawo ndikusamukira ku Zheliz. Anakhazikika panyumba ya Count Johann Esterhazy. Franz anaphunzitsa nyimbo zoimbira ana a owerengerawo.
Maestro adapereka nyimbo yozungulira "The Beautiful Miller's Woman" (1823). M'zolembazo, Franz anatha kuuza anthu momveka bwino za mnyamata wina yemwe anapita kukafunafuna chisangalalo chake. Koma chimwemwe cha mnyamatayo chinali pofunafuna chikondi. Mnyamatayo adakondana ndi mwana wamkazi wa miller, koma mtsikanayo sakanatha kubwezera, akukonda mpikisano.
Pa funde la kutchuka ndi kuzindikira, katswiri anayamba ntchito pa opera The Winter Road. Pambuyo pa ulaliki wa ntchito, ambiri anaona kuti alibe chiyembekezo, amene malire misala. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, katswiriyu analemba opera yomwe inachitika atatsala pang'ono kumwalira.
Wambiri Schubert si wopanda nthawi zoopsa. Nthawi zambiri ankakhala m'chipinda chapamwamba komanso m'chipinda chonyowa. Ngakhale kuti anali osauka, maestro sanapemphe thandizo la ndalama kwa abwenzi. Komanso, sanagwiritse ntchito udindo wake m'gulu la anthu osankhika.
Pamene maestro anali pafupi kukhumudwa, mwayi adamwetuliranso. Chowonadi ndi chakuti woimbayo adasankhidwa kukhala membala wa Vienna Society of Friends of Music. Iye anachita kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi konsati wolemba woyamba. Patsiku limeneli anasangalala ndi kutchuka, kutchuka ndi kutchuka kwa dziko. Anthu amene anasonkhanawo anasangalala kwambiri ndi mphunzitsiyo.
Tsatanetsatane wa moyo waumwini
Franz anali munthu wachifundo, koma panthaŵi imodzimodziyo anali kudodometsedwa ndi manyazi ake. Ambiri anapezerapo mwayi pa chikhulupiriro chake. Umphawi wa Schubert unasiya typos pa moyo wake. Atsikana ankakonda zibwenzi zolemera.
Mtima wa maestro wotchuka unapambana ndi mtsikana wotchedwa Teresa Gorb. Achinyamata anakumana ali m’kwaya ya mpingo. Mtsikanayo analibe kukongola ndi kukongola. Wopeka nyimboyo anam’konda kwambiri chifukwa cha kukoma mtima kwake.
Kuphatikiza apo, Schubert adanenanso kuti adakondwera ndi momwe Teresa adamvera. Mayi ankatha maola ambiri akuonera woimba akuimba piyano. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, nkhope yake inali yodzaza ndi chisangalalo ndi chiyamiko kwa maestro otchuka.
Teresa sanakwatire Schubert. Pamene panali kusankha pakati pa wopeka ndi wolemera confectioner, mayi anaumirira kuti mwana wake wamkazi kusankha "chikwama" osati chikondi.
Pambuyo bukuli, Schubert analibe moyo. Mu 1822, adadwala matenda osachiritsika a venereal. Chifukwa cha chikondi, maestro adapita kumalo osungira mahule.
Mfundo zosangalatsa za wolemba
- Kwa moyo waufupi, konsati imodzi yokha ya maestro otchuka inachitika. Pambuyo pa konsatiyo, ndi ndalama zomwe adapeza, adadzigulira piyano.
- Imodzi mwa nyimbo zochititsa chidwi kwambiri za maestro inali "Serenade".
- Schubert anali mnzake Beethoven.
- The maestro Symphony No. 6 adanyozedwa ku London Philharmonic ndipo anakana kuyisewera. Masiku ano, zolembazo zikuphatikizidwa mu mndandanda wa nyimbo zodziwika kwambiri za wolemba.
- Iye ankakonda ntchito ya Goethe ndipo ankafuna kuti amudziwe bwino. Koma zolinga zake sizinali zoti zichitike.
Imfa ya Maestro Franz Schubert
M'dzinja la 1828, wolemba nyimboyo anayamba kudwala malungo. Matendawa amayamba ndi typhoid fever. November 19, maestro anamwalira. Anali ndi zaka 32 zokha.
