Georges Bizet ndi wolemba nyimbo wolemekezeka wachifalansa komanso woyimba. Anagwira ntchito mu nthawi ya romanticism. M'moyo wake, ntchito zina za maestro zidatsutsidwa ndi otsutsa nyimbo komanso okonda nyimbo zachikale. Padzapita zaka zoposa 100, ndipo zimene analenga zidzakhala zaluso kwambiri. Masiku ano, nyimbo za Bizet zosafa zimamveka m'mabwalo otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Ubwana ndi unyamata Georges Bizet
Iye anabadwa mu Paris pa October 25, 1838. Anali ndi mwayi uliwonse wothandiza pa chitukuko cha nyimbo. Mnyamatayo anakulira m'banja lanzeru kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri nyimbo zinkaimbidwa m’nyumba ya Bizet.
Amayi a Georges anali woimba piyano wolemekezeka, ndipo mchimwene wake adatchulidwa kuti ndi mmodzi mwa aphunzitsi abwino kwambiri a mawu. Nthawi yoyamba pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa mwana wake wamwamuna, mutu wa banja adapanga bizinesi yaying'ono yogulitsa mawigi. Kenako, anayamba kuphunzitsa mawu, popanda maphunziro mbiri kumbuyo kwake.
Bizet ankakonda nyimbo. Mosiyana ndi anzake, mnyamatayo ankakonda kuphunzira. M'nthawi yochepa, iye anaphunzira nyimbo, kenako mayi ake anaganiza zophunzitsa mwana wake kuimba limba.
Ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi anapita kusukulu. Maphunziro anaperekedwa kwa mnyamata mosavuta. Makamaka, anasonyeza chidwi chenicheni pa kuwerenga ndi mabuku akale.
Mayiyo ataona kuti kuwerenga kwayamba kusokoneza nyimbo, analamulira kuti Bizet azithera maola osachepera asanu patsiku ali pa piyano. Ali ndi zaka khumi, adalowa mu Paris Conservatory of Music. Georges sanawakhumudwitse amayi ake.
Anali ndi kukumbukira modabwitsa komanso kumva. Chifukwa cha luso lake, mnyamatayo anagwira mphoto yake yoyamba m'manja mwake, zomwe zinamuthandiza kutenga maphunziro aulere kwa Pierre Zimmermann. Makalasi oyamba adawonetsa kuti Bizet anali wokonda kupeka nyimbo.
Kupanga nyimbo zoimbira zidamugwira mtima. Panthawi imeneyi, amalemba za ntchito khumi ndi ziwiri. Tsoka ilo, sangatchulidwe kuti ndi anzeru, koma ndi iwo omwe adawonetsa wopeka wachichepereyo zolakwika zomwe ayenera kuchitira.
Mogwirizana ndi ntchito zake zopeka, adayamba kusewera chida choimbira m'kalasi ya Pulofesa Francois Benois. Panthawi imeneyi, iye anakwanitsa kupambana mphoto zingapo zapamwamba.
Njira yolenga ndi nyimbo za wolemba Georges Bizet
M'zaka zamaphunziro, maestro adapanga ntchito yake yoyamba yanzeru. Iyi ndiye Symphony mu C yayikulu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti anthu amakono adatha kusangalala ndi phokoso la nyimbo mu 30s ya zaka zapitazo. Apa m’pamene ntchitoyi inatulutsidwa m’malo osungiramo zinthu zakale a Paris Conservatory.
Anthu a m'nthawi yake anadziwa ntchito ya wopeka pa otchedwa mpikisano, amene mokoma mtima anakonza ndi Jacques Offenbach. Omwe adachita nawo mpikisanowo adakumana ndi ntchito yovuta - kulemba sewero lanyimbo lanyimbo momwe anthu angapo adzakhudzidwa nthawi imodzi. Ngakhale zinali zovuta, Bizet anali ndi chomenyera nkhondo. Jacques analonjeza wopambanayo mendulo ya golide, komanso ndalama zopitirira 1000 francs. Pa siteji, katswiri anapereka operetta oseketsa "Doctor Chozizwitsa". Anakhala wopambana mpikisano.
Patapita nthawi pang'ono, ndipo adzachita nawo mpikisano wotsatira wa nyimbo. Panthawiyi, iye anapereka kwa anthu wanzeru cantata Clovis ndi Clotilde. Analandira thandizo ndipo adaphunzira kwa chaka chimodzi ku Rome.
Georges wachinyamata anachita chidwi ndi kukongola kwa Italy. Mawonekedwe akumaloko, malo odabwitsa komanso bata lomwe linali mumzindawu zidamulimbikitsa kupanga ntchito zingapo. Panthawi imeneyi, iye anafalitsa opera Don Procopio, komanso wanzeru ode-symphony Vasco da Gamma.
Kubwerera kwathu
M'zaka 60 anakakamizika kubwerera ku dera la Paris. Analandira uthenga kuchokera kwa makolo ake kuti mayi ake akudwala. Kwa zaka zingapo zotsatira, iye anali pachimake. Kupsinjika maganizo kunamugwira. Panthawi imeneyi, anayamba kulemba ntchito zosangalatsa. Kuphatikiza apo, adapereka maphunziro apadera anyimbo. Bizet sanalembe ntchito zazikulu, zomwe chikhulupiriro chake mwa iyemwini chinazimiririka.
Chifukwa chakuti iye anali wopambana wa ku Roma, udindo wolemba ntchito zoseketsa "Opera-Comic" unagwera pa mapewa a maestro. Komabe, sakanatha kutenga nawo mbali pa ntchitoyo. M’chaka cha 61, amayi ake anamwalira, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi, mphunzitsi wake ndi mphunzitsi wake. Zochitika zomvetsa chisoni zidatenga mphamvu yomaliza kuchokera kwa maestro.
Anabwerera kwa iye yekha patapita zaka zingapo. Panthawi imeneyi, amapanga zisudzo za The Pearl Seekers ndi The Beauty of Perth. Ntchitozo zinalandiridwa bwino osati ndi okonda wamba a classicism, komanso otsutsa nyimbo.
Tsiku lopambana la kulenga
Bizet adatsegulidwa ngati wolemba nyimbo mu 70s. Panthawi imeneyi, kuyamba kwa Jamila kunachitika pa malo otchuka a Opera Comic Theatre. Otsutsa nyimbo adasilira zolemba zachiarabu komanso kupepuka kwa nyimboyo. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, adalemba nyimbo zotsagana ndi sewero la Alphonse Daudet la The Arlesian. Kalanga, chiwonetserocho chinalephera.
Opera "Carmen" inakhala pachimake pa ntchito ya maestro. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, pa nthawi ya moyo wake, ntchitoyi sinazindikiridwe. Anthu a m'nthawi ya Bizet sanamunyoze. Zopangazo zidatsutsidwa, ndikuzitcha zachiwerewere komanso zopanda ntchito. Koma mwa njira imodzi, opera anaseweredwa nthawi zoposa 40. Ochita zisudzo adawonera masewerowa chifukwa cha chidwi, popeza katswiriyu adamwalira panthawiyi.
Anthu amtundu wa bourgeois sanavomereze ntchitoyi, akuimba mlandu mtsogoleri wa chiwerewere, ndipo otsutsa nyimbo za likulu la France adadandaula monyoza. “Choonadi chotani nanga! Komatu chinali chonyozeka bwanji!
Tsoka ilo, woyimba ndi woimba sanakhale ndi moyo nthawi yayitali asanazindikire chilengedwe chake chanzeru. Patatha chaka chimodzi, olemba nyimbo olemekezeka anayamikira ntchitoyi, koma Bizet sanapeze mwayi womva zomwe ananena zokhudza opera yomwe anaipanga.
Tsatanetsatane wa moyo wa Georges Bizet
Bizet analidi wopambana ndi kugonana kwabwino. Chikondi choyamba cha wolembayo chinali Chitaliyana wokongola dzina lake Giuseppa. Ubale sunayambe chifukwa chakuti maestro anachoka ku Italy, ndipo mtsikanayo sanafune kuchoka ndi wokondedwa wake.
Panthawi ina, adachita chidwi ndi mayi wina yemwe amadziwika kuti Madame Mogador. Bizet sanachite mantha kuti mayiyo anali wamkulu kwambiri kuposa wolemba nyimboyo. Kuphatikiza apo, Madame Mogador anali ndi mbiri yoyipa kwambiri pagulu. Bizet sanasangalale ndi mkaziyo, koma kwa nthawi yayitali sanathe kusankha kumusiya. Ndi iye, iye ankavutika ndi kusinthasintha maganizo. Ubwenzi umenewu utatha, anavutika maganizo kwambiri.
Anapeza chisangalalo chenicheni chachimuna ndi mwana wamkazi wa mphunzitsi wake Fromental Halévy, Genevieve. Chochititsa chidwi n’chakuti makolo a mtsikanayo ankatsutsa ukwati umenewu. Anayesetsa kuletsa mwana wawo wamkazi kuti asakwatiwe ndi a George osauka. Chikondi chinakula kwambiri, ndipo banjali linakwatirana.
Panthawi ya nkhondo ya Franco-Prussia, adalembedwa m'gulu la Alonda, koma adamasulidwa mwamsanga chifukwa anali Katswiri wachiroma. Pambuyo pake, anatenga mkazi wake ndi kusamukira ku Paris.
Mu ukwati uwu, banjali anali ndi mwana wamwamuna. Panamveka mphekesera kuti Bizet nayenso ali ndi cholowa cha mdzakazi. Mphekesera zonena za mwana wapathengo zitatsimikizika, mkaziyo adakwiyira mwamuna wake, ndipo adayamba chibwenzi ndi mlembi wina wakumaloko. Georges ankadziwa zimenezi, ndipo ankada nkhawa kuti mkazi wake sangamusiye.
Mfundo zosangalatsa za wolemba
- Alexandre Cesar Leopold Bizet ndiye dzina lenileni la wolemba wamkulu.
- Wagwira ntchito ngati wotsutsa. Nthawi ina anapatsidwa udindo wapamwamba m'gulu limodzi la mabuku otchuka achifalansa.
- Georges anali woyimba piyano wabwino kwambiri. Maluso ake sanasangalatse owonera wamba, komanso aphunzitsi odziwa nyimbo. Bizet ankatchedwa virtuoso wochokera kwa Mulungu.
- Dzina la maestro linayiwalika kwa zaka zambiri. Chidwi mu ntchito ya wopeka chinayamba m'zaka za m'ma 20, pang'onopang'ono anayamba kutchulidwa mobwerezabwereza.
- Iye sanatenge ophunzira ndipo sanakhale woyambitsa njira yatsopano ya nyimbo.
Zaka Zomaliza za Georges Bizet
Imfa ya maestro wamkulu imaphimbidwa ndi zinsinsi ndi zinsinsi. Iye anali atachoka kudera la Bougival. Iye ndi banja lake anapita kumeneko kutchuthi chachilimwe. Banjali pamodzi ndi wantchitoyo ankakhala m’nyumba yapamwamba yansanjika ziwiri.
Mu Meyi, adadwala, koma izi sizinalepheretse munthuyo kuyenda wapansi kupita kumtsinje wina kumapeto kwa masika a 75. Iye ankakonda kusambira. Ngakhale kuti mkaziyo anaumirira kuti mwamuna wake sayenera kusambira, iye sanamvere.
Tsiku lotsatira, matenda a nyamakazi ndi malungo zinakula. Patatha tsiku limodzi, sanamvenso ziwalo zake. Patatha tsiku limodzi, Bizet anadwala matenda a mtima. Dokotala amene anafika kunyumba ya wopeka nyimboyo anachita zonse zotheka kuti apulumutse moyo wake, koma sizinamuthandize kumva bwino. Tsiku lotsatira anakhala chikomokere. Anamwalira pa June 3, 1875. Chifukwa cha imfa ya maestro chinali vuto la mtima.
Mnzake wapamtima atadziwa za tsokalo, nthawi yomweyo anafika kubanjako. Anapeza mabala odulidwa pakhosi la wolemba nyimboyo. Ananenanso kuti chifukwa cha imfa chikhoza kukhala kupha munthu. Komanso, pafupi naye ndi amene ankafuna kuti afe, ndiye wokondedwa wa mkazi wake - Delaborde. Mwa njira, maliro atatha, Delaborde adayesetsa kangapo kuti akwatire mkazi wamasiye wa maestro, koma adakana.
Olemba mbiri ya anthu amanena kuti china chomwe chingayambitse imfa ya katswiriyu chinali kuyesa kudzipha pambuyo poonetsa opera yomwe sinapambane ya Carmen. Malinga ndi iwo, woimbayo anayesa kufa yekha. Izi zikufotokozera kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro zodulidwa pakhosi.
