Igor Stravinsky ndi wolemba nyimbo komanso wochititsa chidwi. Analowa m'ndandanda wa anthu otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kuwonjezera apo, ndi mmodzi mwa oimira odziwika kwambiri a modernism.
Modernism ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe chomwe chingathe kudziwika ndi kutuluka kwa zatsopano. Lingaliro la modernism ndikuwononga malingaliro okhazikika, komanso malingaliro achikhalidwe.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Wolemba nyimbo wotchuka anabadwa mu 1882 pafupi ndi St. Makolo a Igor anali kugwirizana ndi zilandiridwenso. Mayi Stravinsky ankagwira ntchito yoimba piyano - mkaziyo anatsagana ndi mwamuna wake, yemwe ankagwira ntchito ngati soloist pa Mariinsky Theatre.
Igor adakhala ubwana wake m'banja lachikhalidwe komanso lanzeru. Anali ndi mwayi waukulu wopita ku zisudzo ndikuwonera masewera odabwitsa a makolo ake. Oimba otchuka, olemba, olemba ndi afilosofi anali alendo a Stravinsky House.
Kuyambira ndili mwana, Igor anayamba kuchita chidwi ndi nyimbo. Ali ndi zaka 9, anakhala pansi pa piyano kwa nthawi yoyamba. Atamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, makolowo anaumirira kuti mwana wawo alandire digiri ya zamalamulo. Stravinsky anasamukira kukakhala ku likulu la chikhalidwe cha Russia - St. Anapitiriza kupanga nyimbo. Komanso, iye anatenga maphunziro payekha nyimbo Rimsky-Korsakov.
Rimsky-Korsakov nthawi yomweyo anazindikira kuti pamaso pake panali nugget weniweni. Wolemba nyimboyo analangiza mnyamatayo kuti asalowe m'chipinda chosungiramo zinthu zakale, chifukwa chidziwitso chomwe woimbayo ali nacho chinali chokwanira kuti adzinene yekha mokweza.
Korsakov anaphunzitsa ward chidziwitso choyambirira cha kuyimba. Anathandizanso woimbayo kuwongolera nyimbo zolembedwa.
Njira yopangira maestro Igor Stravinsky
Mu 1908, nyimbo zingapo za Igor zidachitidwa ndi oimba a khoti. Tikukamba za ntchito "Faun ndi Shepherdess" ndi "Symphony mu E lathyathyathya yaikulu". Posakhalitsa SERGEY Diaghilev anayamba kuimba scherzo wa maestro oimba.
Atamva nyimbo zabwino za wolemba nyimbo wa ku Russia waluso, anafuna kuti amudziwe bwino. Pambuyo pake adalamula makonzedwe angapo a ballet yaku Russia ku likulu la France. Kusuntha koteroko kunawonetsa anthu kuti talente ya Stravinsky idadziwika padziko lonse lapansi.
Posakhalitsa anayamba kuyamba nyimbo zatsopano ndi Stravinsky, kenako anatchedwa woimira wowala wa modernism. Zina mwa zolengedwazo zinali zoyimba nyimbo za ballet The Firebird.
Pa funde la kutchuka, Maestro anaganiza zopanga mwambo wa symphonic, womwe unayambitsa malingaliro ambiri abwino mu zisudzo za Parisian. Cholengedwa chatsopano cha wolembayo chinatchedwa "Rite of Spring". Omverawo anagawidwa m’misasa iwiri. Ena ankasirira maganizo olimba mtima a Igor. Ndipo ena, m’malo mwake, anamva m’nyimbo za nyimbo zotukwana zimene zinapitirira malire a zimene zinali zololedwa.
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo Igor anayamba kutchedwa mlembi wa "Rite of Spring" yemweyo, komanso wowononga zamakono. Pambuyo pake, adachoka ku Russia lalikulu. Ndipo pamodzi ndi banja lake anapita ku dera la France.
Nkhondo ndi nyimbo
Kuyambika kwa Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse kunapangitsa kutha kwa zomwe zimatchedwa "Nyengo zaku Russia" mu likulu la France. Stravinsky anatsala wopanda phindu ndi njira zopezera zofunika pa moyo. Banja lina lalikulu linapita kugawo la Switzerland. Ndiye Igor analibe ndalama. Panthawi imeneyi, iye ankagwira ntchito mu Russian wowerengeka nthano.
Panthawiyi, Igor analemba nyimbo zomveka komanso zowonongeka, zomwe mwayi waukulu unali nyimbo. Mu 1914, katswiri anayamba ntchito pa ballet Les Noces. Patapita zaka 9, Stravinsky anatha kupereka ntchito. Nyimbo zoimbira ku ballet zidachokera ku nyimbo zakumidzi zaku Russia zomwe zidachitika paukwati ndi maukwati.
Pambuyo pa chiwonetsero cha ballet, adaganiza zochotsa utundu ku nyimbo zake. Analemba zolengedwa zotsatila mu kalembedwe ka neoclassical. Katswiriyu "anakonza" nyimbo zakale zaku Europe mwanjira yake. Kuyambira 1924 anasiya kupanga nyimbo. Igor anayamba kuchita. Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, nyimbo zake kudziko lakwawo zidatchuka kwambiri.
Mu nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimatchedwa "Russian Nyengo" zinayambikanso ku France. Iwo sanali pa mlingo wofanana. Mu 1928, Diaghilev ndi Stravinsky anapereka ballet Apollo Musagete. Patapita chaka, Diaghilev anamwalira. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, gululo linatha.
1926 chinali chaka chosaiwalika kwa wolemba nyimboyo. Anakhala ndi kusintha kwauzimu. Chochitika ichi chinakhudza ntchito ya maestro. Zolinga zachipembedzo zinali zomveka bwino m'zolemba zake. The zikuchokera "Oedipus Rex" ndi cantata "Symphony wa Masalmo" anasonyeza chitukuko chauzimu wa maestro. Ma librettos mu Chilatini adapangidwira ntchito zomwe zaperekedwa.
The Creative mavuto wa wolemba Igor Stravinsky
Panthawiyi, avant-garde inali yotchuka m'mayiko a ku Ulaya. Ndipo ngati kwa olemba ena chochitikachi chinali chosangalatsa. Kuti kwa Stravinsky, monga woimira neoclassicism, inali vuto la kulenga.
Mkhalidwe wake wamalingaliro unali pachimake. Maestro atuluka. Nthawi imeneyi imadziwika ndi kutulutsidwa kwa nyimbo zingapo: "Cantata", "Memory of Dylan Thomas".
Posakhalitsa wolemba nyimboyo anadwala sitiroko. Ngakhale kuwonongeka kwa thanzi, Igor sanali kuchoka pa siteji. Anagwira ntchito ndikulemba ntchito zatsopano. Zolemba zomaliza za maestro zinali "Requiem". Pa nthawi ya kulemba zikuchokera Stravinsky zaka 84. Kapangidwe kameneka kanasonyeza mphamvu ndi chidwi chodabwitsa cha mlengi.
Tsatanetsatane wa moyo waumwini
Wolemba nyimboyo anali ndi mwayi wopeza chikondi chake mu 1906. Ekaterina Nosenko anakhala mkazi wovomerezeka wa maestro. Mkaziyo anabala Igor ana anayi. Pafupifupi ana onse a Stravinsky anatsatira mapazi a abambo awo otchuka. Anagwirizanitsa miyoyo yawo ndi kulenga.
Nosenko amavutika ndi kumwa. Nyengo imene inali ku St. Nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi iye ndi banja lake ankakhala ku Switzerland.
Mu 1914, banja Stravinsky analephera kuchoka Switzerland ndi kubwerera kwawo. Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse yafika. Nkhondo itatha, dziko linasintha. Mawu odzutsa chilakolako ankamveka paliponse. Ku St. Petersburg, banja la Stravinsky linasiya ndalama zambiri ndi katundu. Chuma chawo chonse chinachotsedwa kwa iwo. Anthu a ku Stravinsky anasiyidwa opanda ntchito komanso denga pamitu yawo.
Kwa maestro, izi zinali zomvetsa chisoni, chifukwa sanathandize mkazi wake ndi ana ake okha. Komanso amayi ake omwe, komanso adzukulu ake. Panali “chipwirikiti” m’gawo la dziko lakwawo. Igor sanaperekedwenso ndalama pakuchita zolemba za wolemba, popeza adasamukira. Sanachitire mwina koma kutulutsa makope atsopano a ntchito zake.
Kamodzi wolembayo adatchulidwa kuti ali ndi chibwenzi ndi Coco Chanel, yemwe adamuthandiza pazachuma pamene anali ndi mavuto azachuma. Kwa zaka zingapo zotsatizana, Stravinsky ndi mkazi wake ankakhala ku nyumba ya Koko. Mkaziyo sanamuthandize iye yekha, komanso banja lalikulu. Motero, ankafuna kusonyeza ulemu kwa wolemba nyimbo wotchuka.
Pamene Igor anakonza chuma chake, Koko anamutumizira ndalama kwa zaka zoposa 10. Izi zinakhala maziko oganiza kuti panalibe maubwenzi ochezeka pakati pa wopeka ndi wojambula.
Mu 1939 mkazi wa Stravinsky anamwalira. Wolemba nyimboyo sanamve chisoni kwa nthawi yaitali. Pamene anasamukira ku United States of America, iye ankakonda Vera Studeykina. Anakhala mkazi wake wachiŵiri wovomerezeka. Anakhala limodzi kwa zaka 50. Amakambidwa ngati banja langwiro. Banja linawonekera paliponse pamodzi. Igor, pamene anaona Vera, anangophuka maluwa.
Zochititsa chidwi za wolemba Igor Stravinsky
- Anajambula bwino, komanso anali katswiri wojambula zithunzi. Anali ndi laibulale yolemera, yomwe inkagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zaluso zaluso.
- Igor ankawopa kwambiri kugwidwa ndi chimfine. Anavala bwino ndipo nthawi zonse ankavala zofunda. Stravinsky adasamalira thanzi lake, ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi adachita mayeso odziletsa ndi madokotala.
- Stravinsky ankakonda mowa wovuta. Iye ankaseka kuti ayenera kutenga pseudonym "Straviskey". Mowa m'moyo wa maestro unali wochepa.
- Iye sankakonda anthu olankhula mokweza. Adachita mantha ndikuwopseza maestro.
- Stravinsky sankakonda kutsutsidwa, koma nthawi zambiri ankatha kufotokoza maganizo oipa za anzake.
Igor Stravinsky: Zaka Zomaliza za Moyo Wake
Anamwalira pa April 6, 1971. Chifukwa cha imfa chinali kulephera kwa mtima. Mkazi wachiwiri anaikidwa m'manda Stravinsky ku Venice, mu gawo la Russia la San Michele manda. Mkazi wake anapulumuka Igor kwa zaka zoposa 10. Vera atamwalira, anaikidwa m’manda pafupi ndi mwamuna wake.
