Johnny Cash anali mmodzi mwa anthu otchuka komanso otchuka kwambiri pa nyimbo za dziko pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Ndi mawu ake akuya, omveka a baritone komanso kusewera kwa gitala kwapadera, Johnny Cash anali ndi kalembedwe kake kosiyana.
Cash anali ngati palibe wojambula wina mdziko lapansi. Anapanga mtundu wake, pakati pa chikhalidwe chamaganizo cha nyimbo, kupanduka kwa rock and roll, ndi kutopa kwadziko.
Ntchito ya Cash inagwirizana ndi kubadwa kwa rock and roll, ndipo kalembedwe kake koyimba ndi kaseweredwe kake kanali kofanana kwambiri ndi nyimbo za rock. Komabe, woimba nayenso ndi wolemetsa pa gawo la mbiri yakale mu nyimbo - monga momwe angasonyezere ndi mndandanda wa Albums zake zakale - izi zimamugwirizanitsa ndi dziko lake.
Johnny Cash nayenso anali m'modzi mwa akatswiri oimba nyimbo za m'ma 50s ndi 60s okhala ndi nyimbo zopitilira 100.
Moyo musanayambe ntchito yoimba
Johnny Cash, yemwe dzina lake lobadwa ndi J.R. Cash, adabadwira ndikukulira ku Arkansas ndipo adasamukira ku Dyes ali ndi zaka zitatu.
Pamene anali ndi zaka 12, anayamba kulemba yekha nyimbo. Analimbikitsidwa ndi nyimbo za dziko zomwe anamva pawailesi. Pamene Cash anali kusekondale, adayimba pawailesi ya KLCN ku Arkansas.
Johnny Cash anamaliza sukulu ya sekondale mu 1950, kusamukira ku Detroit kukagwira ntchito mwachidule mu fakitale yamagalimoto. Nkhondo yaku Korea itayamba, adalowa nawo gulu lankhondo la US Air Force.
Ali mu Air Force, Cash adagula gitala lake loyamba ndikudziphunzitsa yekha kusewera. Anayamba kulemba nyimbo mwakhama, kuphatikizapo "Folsom Prison Blues". Cash adachoka ku Air Force mu 1954, anakwatira mkazi waku Texas dzina lake Vivian Leberto, ndipo adasamukira ku Memphis komwe adachita maphunziro a wailesi pasukulu ya GI Bill Broadcasting School.
Madzulo, ankaimba nyimbo za dziko mu trio yomwe inalinso ndi gitala Luther Perkins ndi bassist Marshall Grant. Atatuwa nthawi zina ankasewera kwaulere pa wayilesi yakomweko KWEM ndikuyesera kupeza ma gigs ndi ma audition ku Sun Records.
Njira yopambana ya Johnny Cash
Mnyamatayo potsiriza adapeza kafukufuku ndi Sun Records mu 1955. Cash posakhalitsa adatulutsa "Cry Cry Cry" / "Hey Porter" ngati nyimbo yake yoyamba ya Sun. Phillips, yemwe anayambitsa chizindikirocho anatcha woimbayo dzina lake Johnny, zomwe zinakwiyitsa mnyamatayo chifukwa ankaganiza kuti dzina loterolo limamveka laling'ono kwambiri.
Nyimbo imodzi ya "Cry Cry Cry" inakhala yopambana pamene idatulutsidwa mu 1955, idalowa m'ma chart a dziko lonse pa nambala 14. Yachiwiri "Folsom Prison Blues" inagunda asanu apamwamba m'dzikoli kumayambiriro kwa 1956, ndipo zotsatira zake " I Walk the Line ” idakhala nambala wani kwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi ndikulowa mu nyimbo 20 zapamwamba kwambiri za nyimbo za pop.
Cash anali wochita bwino mu 1957, ndipo adagunda kangapo mdziko muno, kuphatikiza nyimbo zapamwamba 15 za "Give My Love to Rose".
Ndalama zinayambanso ku Grand Ole Opry chaka chomwecho, atavala zakuda pamene ochita masewera ena ankavala zovala zowala, zokongoletsedwa ndi rhinestone. Pamapeto pake, adalandira dzina loti "Munthu Wakuda" (Munthu Wakuda).
Cash adakhala wojambula woyamba palemba la Sun kuti atulutse chimbale "chosewerera" mu Novembala 1957. Kenako Johnny Cash ndi Hot and Blue Guitar adalowa m'masitolo onse oimba.
Kupambana kwa Cash kudapitilirabe mpaka 1958 pomwe Cash adalemba nyimbo yake yayikulu kwambiri, "Ballad of a Teenage Queen" (nambala imodzi pama chart kwa milungu khumi), komanso nyimbo inanso, "Guess Things Happen That Way". Kwa zaka zambiri za 1958, Cash adayesa kujambula nyimbo ya uthenga wabwino, koma Sun Records inakana kuti alembe.
Sun nayenso sanafune kuwonjezera ndalama za Cash. Zinthu zonsezi zinali zotsimikizika pa lingaliro la woyimba kuti achoke palemba ndikusaina ndi Columbia Record mu 1958.
Kumapeto kwa chaka, adatulutsa nyimbo yake yoyamba ya "All Over Again", yomwe idakhalanso kugunda kwa Top Five. Dzuwa lidapitilizabe kutulutsa nyimbo ndi ma Albums a Cash's zinthu zosatulutsidwa mpaka zaka za m'ma 60s.
Mpikisano wapakati-label wa Johnny Cash
"Don't Take Your Guns to Town", Johnny Cash Nyimbo yachiwiri ya Columbia, inali imodzi mwa nyimbo zake zazikulu kwambiri, zomwe zinafika pamwamba pa ma chart a dziko. M'chaka chino, Sun Records ndi Columbia Records adakhala pampando wapamwamba kwambiri, ndikutulutsa nyimbo za woimbayo. Monga lamulo, Columbia imatulutsa - "Frankie's Man Johnny", "I Got Stripes" ndi "Five Feet High and Rising" - adachita bwino kuposa nyimbo za Sun, koma "Luther Played the Boogie" adapanga khumi apamwamba.
Chaka chomwecho, Cash anali ndi mwayi wopanga mbiri yake ya uthenga wabwino, Hymns ndi Johnny Cash.
A Tennessee Awiri adakhala Tennessee Atatu mu 1960 ndikuwonjezera kwa woyimba ng'oma WS Holland.
Mavuto m'moyo - zovuta muzopangapanga
Ngakhale Cash ikupitilizabe kutulutsa, kuthamanga kosalekeza kwa ntchito yake kunayamba kuwononga ndalama zake. Mu 1959, woimbayo anayamba kumwa amphetamines kuti amuthandize kuthana ndi ndondomeko ya makonsati pafupifupi 300 pachaka.
Pofika m’chaka cha 1961, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kunali kowonjezereka, zomwe zinachititsa kuti ntchito yake ikhale yovuta. Izi zidawonekera kwambiri pakutsika kwa ma single ndi ma Albums. Pofika 1963, woimbayo anasamukira ku New York, kusiya banja lake.
June Carter, yemwe anali mkazi wa m'modzi mwa mabwenzi akumwa a Cash, Carl Smith, adzaonetsetsa kuti abwereranso pamwamba pa mapepala ndi "Ring of Fire". Adalemba nawo limodzi ndi Merle Kilgore.
Nyimbo imodzi ya "Ring of Fire" inakhala milungu isanu ndi iwiri pamwamba pa ma chart ndikufika pazithunzi 20 zapamwamba. Cash anapitiriza kupambana mu 1964 pamene "Understand Your Man" inakhala nambala wani.
Komabe, kubwerera kwa Cash kunali kwakanthawi kochepa pomwe adalowa m'chizoloŵezi chake chamankhwala osokoneza bongo ndipo nyimbo zake zodziwika bwino zinkangowoneka mwa apo ndi apo.
Cash adamangidwa ku El Paso chifukwa choyesa kulowetsa amphetamine mdziko muno pamlandu wake wagitala mu 1965.
M'chaka chomwecho, Grand Ole Opry anasiya ntchito ya woimbayo.
Mu 1966, mkazi wa Cash, Vivian, adasudzulana. Atasudzulana, Cash adasamukira ku Nashville. Poyamba iye anatsogolera moyo womwewo, koma posakhalitsa Johnny anakhala bwenzi ndi June Carter, amene anasudzulana Carl Smith.
Ndi chithandizo cha Carter, iye anatha kusiya zizoloŵezi zake; nayenso anatembenukira ku Chikhristu. Ntchito yake idayamba kubwereranso pomwe "Jackson" ndi "Rosanna's Going Wild" adagunda khumi apamwamba.
Kumayambiriro kwa 1968, mkati mwa konsati, Cash anafunsira ukwati kwa Carter; okwatiranawo anakwatirana m’nyengo yachisanu.
New Johnny analemba
Komanso mu 1968, Cash adalemba ndikutulutsa nyimbo yake yotchuka, Johnny Cash kundende ya Folsom. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka, mbiriyo inakhala golide.
Chaka chotsatira, woimbayo adatulutsa nyimbo yotsatizana, Johnny Cash ku San Quentin, yomwe inali ndi nyimbo yake yokhayo yapamwamba 10, "A Boy Named Sue". Inafika pa nambala yachitatu pa tchati.
Johnny Cash adawonekera pa nyimbo ya rock ya Bob Dylan ya 1969 ya Nashville Skyline ngati woyimba mlendo. Dylan adabweza chisomo kwa mnzake powonekera pagawo loyamba la The Johnny Cash Show, pulogalamu ya kanema wawayilesi ya ABC. Johnny Cash Show inatha zaka ziwiri, kuyambira 1969 mpaka 1971.
Cash idafika pachimake chachiwiri pakutchuka mu 1970. Kuphatikiza pa pulogalamu yake yapa TV, adayimbira Purezidenti Richard Nixon ku White House, adasewera ndi Kirk Douglas ku Gunfight, adayimba ndi John Williams komanso Boston Pop Band, ndipo adawonetsedwa muzolemba.
Kugulitsa kwachimbale chake kunali kwabwino chimodzimodzi, monga "Sunday Morning Coming Down" ndi "Flesh and Blood" anali opambana kwambiri.
Mu 1971, Cash adakhalabe ndi zida zake, kuphatikizapo nyimbo yotchuka kwambiri "Man in Black".
Cash ndi Carter adakhala okondana kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 70, akumenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe wa Amwenye Achimereka ndi akaidi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito ndi Billy Graham.
Chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 70, kupezeka kwa Cash pama chart a dzikolo kudayamba kuchepa, koma adapitilizabe kumenya nthawi zina monga "One Piece in Time" ya 1976, "There Ain't No Good Chain Gang" ndi "(Ghost) Riders in. mlengalenga."
Man in Black, mbiri ya moyo wa Johnny Cash, idasindikizidwa mu 1975.
Mu 1980, adakhala woyimba womaliza kwambiri kuti alowe nawo mu Country Music Hall of Fame. Komabe, zaka za m'ma 80 zinali nthawi yovuta kwa Cash pamene malonda ake adapitilirabe kuchepa ndipo adakumana ndi mavuto ndi Columbia.
Cash, Carl Perkins ndi Jerry Lee Lewis adagwirizana kuti apange The Revenant mu 1982. Kanemayo sanapambane kwenikweni.
The Highwaymen - gulu lomwe linali ndi Johnny Cash, Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson ndi Kris Kristofferson - adatulutsa chimbale chawo choyamba mu 1985, chomwe chidalinso bwino kwambiri. Chaka chotsatira, Cash ndi Columbia Records adathetsa ubale wawo, ndipo woimbayo adasaina ndi Mercury Nashville.
Kugwira ntchito ndi chizindikiro chatsopanocho kudalephera, chifukwa kampaniyo ndi woyimba aliyense adamenyera kalembedwe kake.
Kuonjezera apo, wailesi ya dziko inayamba kukonda ojambula ambiri amasiku ano, ndipo Cash posakhalitsa adapezeka kuti alibe ma chart. Komabe, anapitirizabe kukhala woimba wotchuka wa konsati.
A Highwaymen adalemba nyimbo yachiwiri mu 1992 ndipo idachita bwino kwambiri pamalonda kuposa ma Albamu aliwonse a Cash's Mercury. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mgwirizano wake ndi Mercury unatha.
Mu 1993, woimbayo adasaina mgwirizano ndi American Records. Chimbale chake choyamba cholembapo, American Recordings, chinatulutsidwa ndi woyambitsa dzina Rick Rubin mwiniwake ndipo inali nyimbo yodabwitsa kwambiri.
Chimbalecho, ngakhale sichinagulitsidwe bwino kwambiri, chinachita ntchito yabwino kuukitsa ntchito ya Cash ndikumupangitsa kuti akumane ndi omvera aang'ono, okonda miyala.
Mu 1995, The Highwaymen adatulutsa chimbale chawo chachitatu, The Road Goes on Forever.
Chaka chotsatira, Cash adatulutsa chimbale chake chachiwiri cha American Records, Unchained, chomwe chidalandira thandizo kuchokera kwa Tom Petty ndi The Heartbreakers.
Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2000, Cash adakonza zolemba zitatu za "Love, God, Murder" zomwe zinaperekedwa ku mitu yayikulu ya nyimbo yomwe inkagwira ntchito yake yonse. Nyimbo yatsopano ya studio, American III: Solitary Man, idawonekera kumapeto kwa chaka chimenecho.
Kutha kwa ntchito ya Johnny Cash
Mavuto azaumoyo adavutitsa Cash m'ma 90s ndi 2000s, koma adapitilizabe kujambula mu studio.
Mu 2003, kanema wanyimbo wa Mark Romanek wa Nine Inch Nails chivundikiro cha "Hurt" adalandira chidwi chachikulu komanso chidwi ndi atolankhani, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti adasankhidwa kukhala Kanema wa Chaka pa MTV Video Music Awards.
Kanemayo atangotulutsa ndemanga zabwino, mkazi wokondedwa wa Johnny Cash, June Carter Cash, adamwalira ndi zovuta za opaleshoni ya mtima.
Patatha miyezi inayi, ku Nashville, Tennessee, Johnny anamwaliranso ndi matenda a shuga.
Anali ndi zaka 71. Patatha miyezi isanu, gulu la "Legend of Johnny Cash" linafika pa khumi. Mu 2006, Lost Highway adatulutsanso nyimbo zodziwika bwino za Cash za "American", American V: A Hundred Highways, kuchokera pagawo lomaliza la oyimbayo ndi Rick Rubin.
Kutulutsidwa komaliza kwa magawowa kudawonekera koyambirira kwa 2010 pansi pa mutu wakuti American VI: Ain't No Grave ndipo akuti ndi yomaliza kutulutsidwa kuchokera ku American Recordings.
Sony Legacy mu 2011 idakhazikitsa nyimbo za Cash zasowa, zosatulutsidwa kapena zovuta kuzipeza kuchokera ku ma diski amitundu iwiri Bootleg, Vol. 1: Fayilo Yaumwini.
Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2014, Out of the Stars adawonekera - mndandanda wazinthu zosatulutsidwa zomwe zinalembedwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 80.
