Leonard Cohen ndi m'modzi mwa ochita chidwi komanso odabwitsa (ngati siwopambana kwambiri) olemba nyimbo kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, ndipo wakwanitsa kusunga omvera pazaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi zakupanga nyimbo.
Woimbayo adakopa chidwi cha otsutsa ndi oimba achichepere bwino kuposa wina aliyense wazaka za m'ma 1960 yemwe adapitilizabe kugwira ntchito m'zaka za zana la XNUMX.
Wolemba waluso komanso woimba Leonard Cohen
Cohen adabadwa pa Seputembara 21, 1934 kubanja lachiyuda lapakati ku Westmount, tauni ya Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Bambo ake anali wogulitsa zovala (yemwe analinso ndi digiri ya uinjiniya wamakina), yemwe anamwalira mu 1943 pamene Cohen anali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi.
Anali amayi ake omwe adalimbikitsa Cohen monga wolemba. Maganizo ake pa nyimbo anali ovuta kwambiri.
Anayamba kuchita chidwi ndi gitala ali ndi zaka 13 kuti asangalatse mtsikana. Komabe, Leonard anali wokwanira kusewera nyimbo zakumayiko ndi zakumadzulo m'malesitilanti akumaloko, ndipo adapitiliza kupanga Buckskin Boys.
Ali ndi zaka 17, adalowa ku McGill University. Panthawiyi anali kulemba ndakatulo moona mtima ndipo anali atakhala m'gulu laling'ono lobisala pansi komanso la bohemian la yunivesite.
Cohen adaphunzira mozama kwambiri, koma adalemba bwino kwambiri, pomwe adalandira Mphotho ya McNorton.
Patatha chaka chimodzi atamaliza sukulu, Leonard adatulutsa buku lake loyamba landakatulo. Idalandira ndemanga zabwino koma idagulitsidwa bwino. Mu 1961, Cohen adasindikiza buku lake lachiwiri la ndakatulo, lomwe lidakhala kupambana pazamalonda padziko lonse lapansi.
Adapitilizabe kufalitsa ntchito yake, kuphatikiza mabuku angapo, The Favorite Game (1963) ndi The Beautiful Losers (1966), komanso zolemba ndakatulo za Maluwa a Hitler (1964) ndi Parasites of Heaven (1966).
Bwererani ku nyimbo za Leonard Cohen
Inali nthawi imeneyi pomwe Leonard adayambanso kulemba nyimbo. Judy Collins adawonjezera nyimbo ya Suzanne ndi mawu a Cohen ku repertoire yake ndikuyiphatikiza pa chimbale chake cha In My Life.
Mbiri ya Suzanne inkaulutsidwa pafupipafupi pawailesi. Pambuyo pake Cohen adawonekeranso ngati wolemba nyimbo pa Album ya Dress Rehearsal Rag.
Anali Collins amene adalimbikitsa Cohen kuti abwererenso kuchita, zomwe adazisiya m'masiku ake akusukulu. Anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake m'chilimwe cha 1967 ku Newport Folk Festival, kutsatiridwa ndi makonsati ochita bwino kwambiri ku New York.
M'modzi mwa omwe adawona Cohen akuchita ku Newport anali a John Hammond Sr., wolemba mbiri yemwe ntchito yake idayamba m'ma 1930s. Wagwira ntchito ndi Billie Holiday, Benny Goodman ndi Bob Dylan.
Hammond adasaina Cohen ku Columbia Records ndikumuthandiza kujambula Nyimbo za Leonard Cohen, zomwe zidatulutsidwa Khrisimasi 1967 isanachitike.
Ngakhale kuti chimbalecho sichinaganizidwe bwino m'nyimbo komanso m'malo mwachisoni, ntchitoyi inakhala yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu omwe akufuna kuyimba ndi olemba nyimbo.
M'nthawi yomwe mamiliyoni okonda nyimbo adamvera mabowo m'ma Albamu a Bob Dylan ndi Simon & Garfunkel, Cohen adapeza mwachangu gulu laling'ono koma lodzipereka la mafani. Ophunzira aku koleji adagula zolemba zake ndi zikwizikwi; zaka ziwiri pambuyo pa kumasulidwa, mbiriyo inagulitsidwa ndi kufalitsidwa kwa makope oposa 100 zikwi.
Nyimbo za Leonard Cohen zinali pafupi kwambiri ndi omvera kotero kuti Cohen adadziwika kwambiri nthawi yomweyo.
Potsutsana ndi ntchito yake yoimba, pafupifupi ananyalanyaza ntchito yake ina - mu 1968 adafalitsa buku latsopano, "Osankhidwa Ndakatulo: 1956-1968", omwe anali ndi ntchito zakale komanso zaposachedwapa. Pazosonkhanitsa izi, adalandira mphotho kuchokera kwa Bwanamkubwa wamkulu waku Canada.
Panthaŵiyo n’kuti atakhala mbali yofunika kwambiri ya rock. Kwa nthawi ndithu, Cohen ankakhala ku New York Chelsea Hotel, kumene anansi ake anali Janis Joplin ndi zowunikira zina, ena mwa iwo anali ndi chikoka chachindunji pa nyimbo zake.
Melancholy monga mutu waukulu wa zilandiridwenso
Chimbale chake chotsatira cha Songs from a Room (1969) chidali ndi mzimu wodekha kwambiri - ngakhale nyimbo yamphamvu ya A Bunch of Lonesome Heroes idakhala yokhumudwa kwambiri, ndipo nyimbo imodzi sinalembedwe konse ndi Cohen.
The Partisan single inali nthano yakuda ya zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira za kukana nkhanza, zokhala ndi mizere monga Anamwalira popanda kunong'ona ("Anamwalira mwakachetechete"), yomwe inalinso ndi zithunzi za mphepo ikuwomba manda apita.
Pambuyo pake Joan Baez adajambulanso nyimboyi, ndipo m'masewera ake inali yosangalatsa komanso yolimbikitsa kwa omvera.
Mwambiri, chimbalecho sichinapambane bwino pazamalonda komanso motsutsa kuposa ntchito yapitayi. Bob Johnston's understated (pafupifupi minimalist) ntchito inapangitsa kuti chimbalecho chisakhale chosangalatsa. Ngakhale chimbalecho chinali ndi nyimbo zingapo Birdon the Wire ndi The Story of Isaac, zomwe zidapikisana nawo pakuyimba kwa Suzanne.
Nkhani ya Isake, fanizo lanyimbo lozungulira zithunzi za m'Baibulo za Vietnam, inali imodzi mwa nyimbo zowala komanso zopweteka kwambiri za gulu lodana ndi nkhondo. Mu ntchitoyi, Cohen adawonetsa luso lake la nyimbo ndi kulemba, momwe angathere.
Kupambana Phenomenon
Cohen mwina sanali wodziwika bwino, koma mawu ake apadera, komanso mphamvu ya luso lake lolemba, adamuthandiza kupeza niche ya akatswiri oimba nyimbo za rock.
Adawonekera ku 1970 Isle of Wight Festival ku England, komwe nyenyezi za rock kuphatikiza nthano monga Jimi Hendrix zidasonkhana. Poyang'ana movutikira pamaso pa akatswiri ngati amenewa, Cohen ankaimba gitala pamaso pa anthu 600.
Mwanjira ina, Cohen adafotokozanso chodabwitsa chofanana ndi chomwe Bob Dylan adakondwera nacho asanapite koyambirira kwa 1970s. Kenako anthu anagula ma Albums ake ndi makumi, ndipo nthawi zina zikwi mazanamazana.
Otsatirawo ankawoneka kuti amamuwona ngati wojambula watsopano komanso wapadera. Za ojambula awiriwa adaphunzira pakamwa kuposa pawailesi kapena wailesi yakanema.
Kugwirizana ndi cinema
Chimbale chachitatu cha Cohen cha Songs of Love and Hate (1971) chinali chimodzi mwazolemba zake zamphamvu kwambiri, zodzaza ndi mawu okhudza mtima ndi nyimbo zomwe zinali zonyada komanso zocheperako.
Zolingazo zidatheka chifukwa cha mawu a Cohen. Mpaka pano, nyimbo zodziwika kwambiri ndi izi: Joan waku Arc, Dress Rehearsal Rag (yolembedwa ndi Judy Collins) ndi Famous Blue Raincoat.
Nyimboyi Nyimbo za Chikondi ndi Chidani, zophatikizidwa ndi Suzanne, zidabweretsa Cohen kukhala wokonda kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Cohen adadzipeza kuti akufuna kudziko lazamalonda opanga mafilimu, monga wotsogolera Robert Altman adagwiritsa ntchito nyimbo zake mu filimu yake McCabe ndi Mayi Miller (1971), yomwe inachitikira Warren Beatty ndi Julie Christie.
Chaka chotsatira, Leonard Cohen adasindikizanso ndakatulo zatsopano, Slave Energy. Mu 1973 adatulutsa chimbale Leonard Cohen: Nyimbo Zamoyo.
Mu 1973, nyimbo zake zidakhala maziko a zisudzo za Sisters of Mercy, zomwe zidapangidwa ndi Gene Lesser ndipo zimatengera moyo wa Cohen kapena moyo wake wongopeka.
Kupuma ndi ntchito yatsopano
Pafupifupi zaka zitatu zidadutsa pakati pa kutulutsidwa kwa chimbale chotsatira cha Songs of Love and Hate ndi Cohen. Ambiri mafani ndi otsutsa amaganiza kuti Live-album ndiye mfundo mu ntchito ya wojambula.
Komabe, anali wotanganidwa kuchita ku United States ndi Europe mu 1971 ndi 1972, ndipo pa nkhondo ya Yom Kippur mu 1973 adawonekera ku Israel. Inali nthawi imeneyi pomwe adayambanso kugwira ntchito ndi woyimba piyano komanso wokonza John Lissauer, yemwe adamulemba ganyu kuti apange chimbale chake chotsatira, New Skin for the Old Ceremony (1974).
Albumyi inkawoneka kuti ikugwirizana ndi ziyembekezo ndi chikhulupiriro cha mafani ake, ndikuyambitsa Cohen ku nyimbo zambiri.
Chaka chotsatira, Columbia Records inatulutsa The Best of Leonard Cohen, yomwe inaphatikizapo khumi ndi awiri a nyimbo zake zodziwika bwino (kugunda) zomwe oimba ena amachita.
Album "yolephera".
Mu 1977, Cohen adalowanso mumsika wa nyimbo ndi Death of a Ladies Man, chimbale chotsutsana kwambiri pa ntchito yake, chotulutsidwa ndi Phil Spector.
Chotsatira chotsatira chinamiza bwino womverayo mu umunthu wokhumudwa wa Cohen, kusonyeza luso lake lochepa la mawu. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu ntchito ya Cohen, nyimbo zake pafupifupi zonyansa nthawi ino zinali kutali ndi chizindikiro chabwino.
Kusakhutira kwa Cohen ndi chimbalecho kunkadziwika kwambiri pakati pa mafani, omwe makamaka adagula ndi chidziwitso chimenecho, choncho sichinawononge mbiri ya woimbayo.
Nyimbo yotsatira ya Cohen Nyimbo Zaposachedwa (1979) idachita bwino kwambiri ndipo idawonetsa kuyimba kwa Leonard kuchokera kumbali yabwino kwambiri. Kugwira ntchito ndi wopanga Henry Levy, chimbalecho chinawonetsa mawu a Cohen ngati osangalatsa komanso omveka mwachete.
Sabbatical ndi Buddhism
Pambuyo pa kutulutsidwa kwa ma Albums awiri, sabata ina inatsatira. Komabe, 1991 idatulutsidwa I'm Your Fan: The Songs yokhala ndi REM, the Pixies, Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds ndi John Cale, yemwe adatcha Cohen ngati wolemba nyimbo.
Wojambulayo adagwiritsa ntchito mwayiwu potulutsa chimbale cha Tsogolo, chomwe chinalankhula za zoopsa zambiri zomwe anthu adzakumana nazo m'zaka zikubwerazi ndi makumi angapo.
Pakati pa ntchitoyi, Cohen adalowa gawo latsopano m'moyo wake. Nkhani zachipembedzo sizinali kutali kwambiri ndi maganizo ndi ntchito yake.
Anakhala nthawi yayitali m'mapiri ku Baldy Zen Center (malo a Buddhist ku California), ndipo adakhala wokhazikika komanso wamonke wachibuda kumapeto kwa 1990s.
Kukhudza chikhalidwe
Patatha zaka makumi asanu atakhala wolemba anthu komanso wochita sewero, Cohen adakhalabe m'modzi mwa anthu odabwitsa kwambiri mu nyimbo.
Mu 2010, phukusi lophatikizana la kanema ndi nyimbo "Nyimbo za Pamsewu" linatulutsidwa, lomwe linalemba ulendo wake wapadziko lonse wa 2008 (womwe unayenda mpaka kumapeto kwa 2010). Ulendowu unali ndi makonsati 84 ndipo adagulitsa matikiti opitilira 700 padziko lonse lapansi.
Pambuyo pa ulendo wina wapadziko lonse womwe unamupangitsa kuzindikirika konsekonse, Cohen, mosadziwika bwino, anabwerera mwamsanga ku studio ndi wolemba (ndi wolemba nawo) Patrick Leonard, akutulutsa nyimbo zisanu ndi zinayi zatsopano, imodzi mwa izo ndi Born in Chains.
Linalembedwa zaka 40 zapitazo. Cohen anapitiriza kuyendera dziko lonse ndi mphamvu zochititsa chidwi ndipo mu December 2014 adatulutsa chimbale chake chachitatu, Live in Dublin.
Woimbayo anabwerera kukagwira ntchito pa zinthu zatsopano, ngakhale kuti thanzi lake linali likuipiraipira. Pa Seputembala 21, 2016, nyimbo ya You Want It Darker idawonekera pa intaneti. Ntchitoyi inali nyimbo yomaliza ya Leonard Cohen. Anamwalira pasanathe milungu itatu pa November 7, 2016.
