Mikhail Glinka ndi wofunika kwambiri pa cholowa cha dziko la nyimbo zachikale. Uyu ndi mmodzi mwa oyambitsa Russian Folk opera. Kwa okonda nyimbo zachikale, wolembayo angadziwike kuti ndiye wolemba mabuku:
- "Ruslan ndi Ludmila";
- "Moyo kwa Mfumu".
Chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za Glinka sizingasokonezedwe ndi ntchito zina zodziwika bwino. Anakwanitsa kupanga njira yowonetsera nyimbo. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe anthu amasiku ano amatembenukira ku ntchito za wolemba.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Glinka Mihail Ivanovich anabadwa m'dera la Smolensk dera. Tsiku lobadwa kwa woimbayo lidzagwa pa May 20, 1804. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, abambo ndi amayi a wolemba nyimbo wamkulu anali achibale akutali kwambiri.
Mwina chifukwa cha ubale wa abambo ndi amayi ake, Mikhail anakulira ngati mwana wofooka kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri ankadwala, choncho ankafunika chisamaliro chapadera. Kwa zaka 10 zoyambirira, mnyamatayo analeredwa ndi agogo ake aakazi.
Mayi wina yemwe adasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhwima adakhala ndi khalidwe lovuta komanso lamanjenje ku Glinka. Michael sanapite kusukulu. Anali wophunzira kunyumba. Apanso, kuphunzira patali ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa kusankha. Glinka nthawi zambiri ankadwala, choncho sakanakhoza kukhala pagulu. Anagwira matenda osiyanasiyana.
Mikhail anasonyeza chidwi ndi nyimbo ali mwana. Makolo adachita chidwi ndi zomwe mwana wawo wachita posachedwa ndi mphwayi wawo wanthawi zonse. Panthawiyi, ankamenya nyimboyo pogwiritsa ntchito spoons zamkuwa zomwe zinkasungidwa m’khitchini ya banjalo.
Agogo aakaziwo atamwalira mwadzidzidzi, mayiyo anayamba kulera Mikhail. Mkazi nayenso sanasiyane ndi khalidwe lodandaula. Posakhalitsa anatumiza mwana wake ku nyumba yogonamo, yomwe inali m'dera la likulu la chikhalidwe cha Russian Federation - St. Onani kuti osankhika okha, wopangidwa ndi olemekezeka, anaphunzira pa maphunziro bungwe.
Apa ndi pamene wolemba tsogolo anayamba kuphunzira mwakhama nyimbo. Anapeza dziko la ntchito zakale. Mphunzitsi wokondedwa wa Mikhail anali woimba Karl Mayer. Wotsirizirayo anatha kupanga kukoma koyenera kwa nyimbo mwa iye.
Njira yolenga ya woimba Mikhail Glinka
Nyimbo zoyamba kuchokera ku cholembera cha maestro zidatuluka pafupifupi atangomaliza maphunziro awo. Anakhala mlembi wanyimbo zingapo zanyimbo komanso zachikondi. Mikhail analemba imodzi mwa ntchito zake zochokera ndakatulo Pushkin. Tikulankhula za nyimbo "Musayimbe, kukongola, ndi ine."
N'zochititsa chidwi Alexander Sergeevich ndi Glinka anakumana pamene kuphunzira pasukulu yogonera. Anali ogwirizana chifukwa chokonda nyimbo ndi mabuku. Mpaka imfa yomvetsa chisoni ya Pushkin, iwo anakhalabe ofunda ubwenzi.
Mu 1823, chifukwa cha kufooka kwa thanzi, woimbayo anapita ku Caucasus, kuchipatala. Iye anachita chidwi ndi mtundu wa kumaloko. Mapiri, malo osaneneka ndi malo ochititsa chidwi anathandizira kuwongolera, kuphatikizapo thanzi la maganizo. Katswiriyo atabwerera kunyumba, anayamba kulemba nyimbo zochititsa chidwi.
Patatha chaka chimodzi, Glinka akukakamizika kuchoka kwawo. Anapita ku St. Petersburg, kumene anakagwira ntchito mu Unduna wa Sitima za Sitima ndi Kulankhulana. Woimbayo anasangalala ndi ntchitoyo, koma sanakhutire ndi mfundo yakuti analibe nthawi yokwanira yochita nawo ntchito. Glinka adaganiza zosiya ntchito yolipidwa kwambiri.
Moyo ku St. Petersburg unali wovuta. Apa m’pamene zinthu zonse zofunika kwambiri pa nthawiyo zinachitika. Mikhail adatha kuzolowerana ndi osankhika opanga, ndikutenga chidziwitso kuti apange ntchito zapamwamba zapamwamba.
Kukhala ku St. Petersburg sikunapite popanda kufufuza kwa Glinka. Chinyezi ndi kuzizira kosalekeza zinapangitsa kuti thanzi la maestro awonongeke. Woyimbayo sanachitire mwina koma kupita kukalandira chithandizo ku chimodzi mwa zipatala za ku Ulaya.
Ku Italy, Glinka sanangothandizidwa kokha, komanso adachita nawo maphunziro aukadaulo. Kumeneko anakumana ndi Donizetti ndi Bellini, omwe anaphunzira bwino za opera ndi bel canto. Thanzi lake litachira, woimbayo anaganiza zopita ku Germany. Kumeneko, akupitiriza kuphunzira, kupita ku maphunziro a piyano kuchokera kwa aphunzitsi otchuka a ku Germany. Imfa ya bambo ake inakakamiza Michael kubwerera kwawo.
Tsiku lopambana la ntchito yolenga ya wolemba Mikhail Glinka
Moyo wonse wa Glinka unali mu nyimbo. Posakhalitsa anayamba ntchito imodzi mwa ntchito zake kwambiri - opera "Ivan Susanin", amene kenako anadzatchedwa "Moyo kwa Tsar". Maestro adauziridwa kuti alembe ntchitoyi ndi zochita zankhondo zomwe adazipeza ali mwana. Mikhail analibe kukumbukira kosangalatsa kwa zochitika zomvetsa chisonizi, kotero adagawana zomwe adakumana nazo kudzera mu prism ya nyimbo.
Glinka adaganiza kuti asachedwe. Wopeka nyimboyo anakhala pansi n’kupeka sewero lachiŵiri lodziwika bwino. Posakhalitsa, okonda nyimbo zachikale anayamba kusangalala ndi imodzi mwa nyimbo zaluso kwambiri za katswiriyu. Analandira dzina "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila".
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti kulemba kwa opera anapereka anatenga Glinka kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Zomwe zidadabwitsa woimbayo pambuyo potsutsidwa kwambiri ndi ntchito yake. Mavuto olenga adakumana ndi zovuta pamoyo wake. Zonsezi zinayambitsa chotsatira chachikulu - thanzi la woimbayo linasokonekeranso.
Pofuna kudzoza, Glinka adadziphanso m'dera la Europe. Woimbayo adayendera mayiko angapo azikhalidwe, pambuyo pake adawona kuti malingaliro ake adasintha bwino. Zotsatira zake, amatulutsa ntchito zina zambiri zachipembedzo, zomwe ndi:
- "Aragonese jota";
- "Zokumbukira za Castile".
Ulendo wopita ku Ulaya adachita chinthu chachikulu - adabwerera Mikhail Glinka kudzidalira yekha ndi luso lake. Kupeza mphamvu ndi kudzoza, maestro amapita kwawo.
Wolemba nyimboyo adaganiza zokhala m'nyumba ya makolo ake kwakanthawi. Iye anatonthozedwa ndi bata lomwe linali m’mudzimo. Atasamukira ku St. Petersburg, koma mwamsanga anazindikira kuti moyo mumzindawu, ndi mkangano umene umamuvutitsa pa sitepe iliyonse, umatenga mphamvu yake yomaliza. Amachoka ku likulu la chikhalidwe ndikupita ku Warsaw. Apa akulemba symphonic zongopeka Kamarinskaya.
kusuntha
Anakhala zaka zomalizira za moyo wake ali paulendo. Zinali zovuta kuti akhale pamalo amodzi, chifukwa anali atatopa ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Anayenda kwambiri ku Ulaya. Dziko lomwe Glinka ankakonda kwambiri linali France.
Paris idatsegula zida zatsopano ku Glinka. Mikhail anamva bwino, choncho anakhala pansi kuti alembe nyimbo ina yochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Tikulankhula za ntchito "Taras Bulba". Woimbayo anakhala zaka zingapo ku Paris. Atamva za chiyambi cha nkhondo ya Crimea, iye ananyamula sutikesi yake ndipo nthawi yomweyo anapita ku dziko lakwawo. Iye sanathe kumaliza ntchito ya symphony.
Atafika ku gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia, Glinka anakhala pansi kulemba zolemba zake. Iwo amafotokoza mwangwiro mbiri ndi maganizo ambiri a maestro. Memoirs adasindikizidwa zaka 15 pambuyo pake pansi pa mutu wakuti "Zolemba".
Mikhail Glinka: Tsatanetsatane wa moyo wake
Zikuoneka kuti mbiri ya Mikhail Glinka sipangakhale malo achikondi. Koma izi siziri zoona. M’maulendo ake a ku Ulaya, anali ndi zibwenzi zingapo zododometsa. Atafika ku Russia, woimba anakwatira Marya Petrovna Ivanova.
Banja limeneli linali lopanda chimwemwe. Mikhail anazindikira kuti anafulumira ndi kusankha kulenga banja Mary Ivanova. Mtima wake sukanakhoza kukonda mkazi. Chotsatira chake, osati woimba yekha amene anavutika, komanso mkazi wake.
Ekaterina Kern adakhala chizolowezi chatsopano cha Glinka. Ataona mtsikanayo, mtima wa Mikhail unalumpha kuchokera pachifuwa chake. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Katya anali mwana wa Pushkin Museum. Zinali kwa iye kuti wolemba ndakatulo anapereka vesi "Ndikukumbukira mphindi yodabwitsa."
Glinka adayamba ubale waukulu ndi wachinyamata. Anakumana ndi Catherine, koma sanathetse ukwati ndi Marya. Mkazi wa boma nayenso sanawala ndi makhalidwe. Ananyenga poyera woimbayo, akukamba za chikondi chake. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, adamuimba mlandu waulendo ndi wokonda watsopano ndipo sanapereke chisudzulo. Michael anakhumudwa kwambiri.
Pambuyo pa zaka 6 zaukwati ndi Glinka, Marya, mobisa kuchokera kwa woimba wamkulu, anakwatira Nikolai Vasilchikov. Mikhail atadziwa mfundo imeneyi, ankayembekezera kuti Mary tsopano avomereza chisudzulo, chifukwa nthawi yonseyi anali pa ubwenzi ndi Katya.
Atasudzulana, anazindikira kuti analibenso mtima wokondana ndi Catherine umene anali nawo poyamba. Sanakwatirane ndi mtsikanayo.
Zochititsa chidwi za Mikhail Glinka
- Wopeka nyimboyo atadziwa za imfa ya amayi ake, dzanja lake lamanja linasiya kumva.
- Mikhail akhoza kukhala wolowa nyumba kwa Catherine, koma anamupatsa ndalama kuchotsa mimba.
- Glinka atachoka Katya, mtsikanayo anadikira zaka 10 kuti abwerere.
- Iye anali ndi mawu okongola, koma Glinka kawirikawiri ankaimba.
- Amatha kulankhula zilankhulo 7.
Imfa ya Mikhail Glinka
Glinka ku Germany anaphunzira kulenga ndi moyo payekha Johann Sebastian Bach. Posakhalitsa zinadziwika za imfa ya maestro. Anamwalira mu 1857. Choyambitsa imfa chinali chibayo.
Thupi la woimbayo linaikidwa m’manda a Lutheran. Patapita zaka zingapo, mlongo wa Glinka anafika ku Berlin. Ankafuna kuti akaike mtembo wa maestro kwawo.
