Nikolai Leontovich, wolemba nyimbo wotchuka padziko lonse. Iye amatchedwa wina koma Chiyukireniya Bach. Ndi chifukwa cha luso la woimba kuti ngakhale m'madera akutali kwambiri padziko lapansi Khirisimasi iliyonse nyimbo "Shchedryk" imamveka. Leontovich sanatengeke polemba nyimbo zabwino kwambiri. Amadziwikanso ngati wotsogolera kwaya, mphunzitsi, komanso munthu wolimbikira pagulu, yemwe malingaliro ake nthawi zambiri amatsatiridwa.
Ubwana wa woimba Nikolai Leontovich
Nikolai Leontovich komwe anabadwira ndi mudzi wawung'ono wa Monastyrok m'chigawo chapakati cha Ukraine (dera la Vinnitsa). Kumeneko anabadwa m'nyengo yozizira ya 1877. Bambo ake anali wansembe wa m’mudzi. Ndi maphunziro nyimbo, anali wotchedwa Dmitry Feofanovich Leontovich amene anaphunzitsa mwana wake kuimba gitala, cello ndi violin. Mayi Leontovich, Maria Iosifovna, analinso munthu kulenga. Mawu ake ankasilira anthu oyandikana nawo. Ankachita bwino kwambiri zachikondi komanso nyimbo zamtundu. Zinali nyimbo za amayi ake, zomwe anamvetsera kuyambira kubadwa, zomwe zinatsimikizira tsogolo la wolemba nyimboyo m'tsogolomu.
Phunzirani
Mu 1887, Nikolai anatumizidwa ku bwalo la masewera olimbitsa thupi mumzinda wa Nemirov. Koma, popeza maphunzirowo analipiridwa, patatha chaka chimodzi makolowo anachotsa mwana wawo wamwamuna ku sukulu ya maphunziro chifukwa cha ukwati wa ndalama. Bambo ake anamuika kusukulu ya pulayimale ya tchalitchi. Apa Nikolai anathandizidwa kwathunthu. Mnyamatayo analowa kwathunthu mu phunziro la nyimbo notation. Mabwenzi ndi zosangalatsa sizinali zosangalatsa kwenikweni kwa woimba wamtsogolo. Kwa miyezi ingapo, adadabwitsa aphunzitsi ake, akuwerenga mosavuta mbali zovuta kwambiri za nyimbo zakwaya.
Nditamaliza sukulu ya tchalitchi mu 1892, Leontovich anatumiza zikalata kulowa seminare zamulungu wa mzinda wa Kamenets-Podolsky. Apa iye anaphunzira bwinobwino limba ndi maziko chiphunzitso cha nyimbo kwaya. Ndipo m'maphunziro omaliza, Nikolai Leontovich adalemba kale makonzedwe a nyimbo zamtundu wa Chiyukireniya. Mwachitsanzo, iye anatenga ntchito ya fano lake Nikolai Lysenko.
Nikolai Leontovich: masitepe oyamba mu zilandiridwenso
Nikolai Leontovich anamaliza maphunziro awo ku seminare mu 1899. Kenako anagwira ntchito kusukulu zakumidzi. Iye ankadziwa yekha mmene zimavutira kuti mabanja osauka aphunzitse ana awo. Choncho, anachita zonse zotheka kuti ana akumidzi akhale ndi mwayi wophunzira. Kuwonjezera pa kuphunzitsa, Leontovich nthawi zonse bwino maphunziro ake nyimbo.
Iwo anapanga gulu loimba nyimbo za symphony. Mamembala a gululo adayimba nyimbo za oimba aku Russia ndi ku Ukraine. Ntchito mu oimba anauzira wopeka ndi wochititsa achinyamata kupanga gulu loyamba la nyimbo "Podolia" (1901). Ntchitoyi inayenda bwino kwambiri. Choncho, patapita zaka 2, mu 1903, buku lachiwiri la nyimbo linatulutsidwa, lomwe linaperekedwa kwa Nikolai Lysenko.
Leontovich anasamukira ku Donbas
Mu 1904, wolemba anaganiza zosamukira kum'mawa kwa Ukraine. Kumeneko amapeza kusintha kwa 1905. Panthawi ya zipolowe, Leontovich saima pambali. Amasonkhanitsa anthu olenga mozungulira iye, amakonza gulu loimba la antchito omwe ntchito yawo ndi kuyimba pamisonkhano. Zochita zoterezi za wolemba zidakopa chidwi cha akuluakulu, ndipo kuti asapite kundende, Leontovich anabwerera kudziko lakwawo. Anayamba kuphunzitsa nyimbo pasukulu ya dayosisi. Koma iye sasiya kukula monga wopeka nyimbo.
Amapita kwa wodziwika bwino panthawiyo woimba nyimbo Boleslav Yavorsky. Nditamvetsera ntchito Leontovich wowala nyimbo amatenga Nikolai kuphunzira. Nthawi zambiri Nikolai amapita ku Kyiv ndi ku Moscow kukaonana ndi aphunzitsi ake. Munali ku Kyiv mu 1916 kuti Yavorsky anathandiza Leontovich kukonza konsati yaikulu, kumene "Shchedryk" inayamba kuchitidwa mu dongosolo la wolemba nyimbo wamng'ono. Ntchito zina zinachitidwanso, monga "Pivni sing", "Amayi anali ndi mwana wamkazi mmodzi", "Dudaryk", "Nyenyezi yatuluka", ndi zina zotero. Anthu a ku Kiev adayamikira kwambiri ntchito za Leontovich. Zimenezi zinalimbikitsa wolemba nyimboyo kuti alembe nyimbo zambirimbiri.
Nikolai Leontovich: moyo mu Kiev
Pamene mphamvu ya Chiyukireniya People's Republic inakhazikitsidwa, Leontovich anatha kufika ku likulu la Ukraine. Ku Kyiv, anaitanidwa kukagwira ntchito monga wotsogolera, komanso kuphunzitsa ku Nikolai Lysenko Music and Drama Institute. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, woimbayo amagwira ntchito ku Conservatory, kumene amakonza mabwalo omwe aliyense angakhoze kuphunzira. Panthawi imeneyi, iye mwakhama amalemba ntchito nyimbo. Ena a iwo adaphatikizidwa mu repertoire ya magulu a anthu komanso amateur.
Mu 1919 Kyiv anagwidwa ndi asilikali a Denikin. Popeza Leontovich ankadziona ngati wanzeru wa ku Ukraine, anayenera kuthawa likulu lawo kuti apewe kuponderezedwa. Amabwerera ku dera la Vinnitsa. Kumeneko mudapeza sukulu yoyamba yoimba nyimbo mumzindawu. Mogwirizana ndi kuphunzitsa, amalemba nyimbo. Kuchokera pansi pa cholembera chake mu 1920 pamabwera sewero lopeka la "Pa Isitala ya Mermaid".
Chinsinsi cha kupha Nikolai Leontovich
Zofalitsa zikwi zambiri zinaperekedwa ku imfa ya wopeka waluso. Pa January 23, 1921, Nikolai Leontovich anawomberedwa m’nyumba ya makolo ake m’mudzi wa Markovka, m’chigawo cha Vinnitsa. Anaphedwa ndi nthumwi ya Cheka potsatira malangizo a akuluakulu. Woimba wodziwika bwino komanso wolimbikira pagulu, yemwe adalimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha Chiyukireniya ndikusonkhanitsa aluntha kuzungulira ntchito yake, anali wotsutsa kwa a Bolshevik. Pambuyo pa kulengeza ufulu wa Ukraine m'zaka za m'ma 90 m'zaka zapitazi, kufufuza kwa kupha kunayambikanso. Zambiri zatsopano ndi zidziwitso zomwe zidalembedwa muulamuliro wa chikomyunizimu zokhudzana ndi kuphedwa kwake zidawonekera.
Cholowa cha Wolemba
Nikolai Leontovich anali katswiri wa nyimbo zazing'ono zakwaya. Nyimbo mu dongosolo lake ikuchitika osati Ukraine. Amayimba ndi diaspora yaku Ukraine padziko lonse lapansi. Wolembayo adasintha moyo wa nyimbo iliyonse, adaupatsa mawu atsopano - adakhala ndi moyo, adapuma, adatulutsa nyanja yamphamvu. Kusinthasintha kwa timbre m'makonzedwe ake ndi mbali ina ya wolembayo. Zinapangitsa kuti kwayayo iwonetse mgwirizano wonse wa nyimboyo panthawi yomwe nyimboyo ikuimba.
Ponena za mutuwu, ndi wosiyana kwambiri - miyambo, tchalitchi, mbiri yakale, tsiku ndi tsiku, zoseketsa, kuvina, kusewera, ndi zina zotero. Ikhoza kutsatiridwa mu ntchito "Iwo amanyamula Cossack", "Chipale chikuuluka kuchokera kuseri kwa phiri" ndi ena ambiri.
