Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov - umunthu popanda nyimbo Russian, makamaka nyimbo dziko, sitingaganize. Wotsogolera, wopeka ndi woimba adalemba ntchito yake yayitali yolenga:
- 15 masewera;
- 3 ma symphonies;
- 80 zachikondi.
Kuphatikiza apo, maestro anali ndi ntchito zambiri za symphonic. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti ali mwana, Nikolai ankalakalaka ntchito yoyendetsa ngalawa. Iye ankakonda geography ndipo sankatha kulingalira moyo wake popanda kuyenda. Pamene maloto ake anakwaniritsidwa, ndipo anayenda ulendo wozungulira dziko lonse, iye anaphwanya zolinga zake. Maestro ankafuna kubwerera kumtunda mwamsanga ndi kudzipereka yekha nyimbo.
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov: Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Maestro anabadwira m'tauni yaing'ono ya Tikhvin. Banjali linali lolemera, choncho banja lalikulu silinkasowa kalikonse.
Makolo analera anyamata awiri odabwitsa - Wankhondo ndi Nikolai. Mwana wamkulu anaganiza zotsatira mapazi a agogo ake. Anakwezedwa paudindo wa admiral wakumbuyo wapamadzi. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Msilikaliyo anali ndi zaka 22 kuposa Nikolai. M’baleyo anali woyang’anira wamkulu wa akatswiri a maphunziro. Nthawi zonse ankamvetsera maganizo ake.
Nikolai anali kukonzekera kuti adzatumikira m'gulu la Navy. Mtsogoleri wa banja adadziwa bwino masewerawa pazida zingapo zoimbira nthawi imodzi. Anathandizira kuti ana onse aamuna asonyeze chikondi chachikulu cha nyimbo. Makamaka, Kolya wamng'ono anaimba kwaya mpingo. Ndipo ali ndi zaka 9 analemba nyimbo yoyamba.
Ali wachinyamata, Nikolai adalowa mu Naval Cadet Corps. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, iye sanasangalale ndi geography, komanso luso. Ku likulu la kumpoto, adayendera nyumba za zisudzo ndipo adalowa nawo gulu lachipembedzo. Munali ku Moscow komwe adayamba kudziwana ndi nyimbo za maestro otchuka akunja ndi aku Russia.
Apa iye anatenga maphunziro a cello kwa mphunzitsi Ulich, kenako anaphunzira ndi limba Fyodor Kanille. Mu 1862, Rimsky-Korsakov anamaliza maphunziro a usilikali. Chimwemwe chinalowa m’malo mwa chisoni. Nikolai anamva kuti mutu wa banja wamwalira. Pambuyo pa imfa ya abambo ake, banja lake linasamukira kukakhala ku likulu la chikhalidwe cha Russia.
Njira yolenga ya wolemba
Mu 1861, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov anali ndi mwayi wokumana ndi Mily Balakirev (woyambitsa sukulu ya Wamphamvu Handful). Chibwenzi chinakula osati kukhala ubwenzi wamphamvu, komanso kukhudza mapangidwe Rimsky-Korsakov monga wopeka.
Mothandizidwa ndi Milius, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov analemba Symphony No. 1, op. 1. Maestro sanathe kupanga malingaliro ake kuti awonetse ntchitoyo, koma pambuyo pa kukonzanso kwina, adawonetsa zomwe zidapangidwa mugulu la gulu la Mighty Handful. Banja lawo litasamukira ku St. Petersburg, Nikolai anayamba ntchito yokonza zinthu.
Pa nthawi imeneyi, wolemba nyimboyo anakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zikhulupiriro za nthano za anthu. Chidziwitso chatsopano chinalimbikitsa maestro kupanga nyimbo "Sadko". Rimsky-Korsakov anatsegula kwa anthu ndi anzake mfundo monga "mapulogalamu". Komanso, iye anatulukira symmetrical mode, chifukwa nyimbo anapeza osiyana kotheratu, phokoso kale sanali kumva.
talente yobadwa nayo
Nthawi zonse ankayesetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma fret systems, ndipo zimenezi zinkamusangalatsa kwambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mwachirengedwe adapatsidwa chotchedwa "color kumva", zomwe zinamupangitsa kuti adzipeze yekha pakumveka kwa nyimbo zachikale. Chifukwa chake, adawona kuchuluka kwa C yayikulu ngati mthunzi wopepuka, ndipo D yayikulu ngati yachikasu. Katswiriyu adagwirizanitsa E yaikulu ndi chinthu cha m'nyanja.
Posakhalitsa gulu lina la nyimbo "Antar" linawonekera mu dziko la nyimbo. Kenako anayamba ntchito kulemba opera woyamba. Mu 1872, mafani a ntchito ya Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov anasangalala ndi nyimbo zabwino za opera The Maid of Pskov.
Katswiriyu analibe maphunziro oimba, koma kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1870 anakhala pulofesa ku St. Petersburg Conservatory. Anakhala zaka zoposa 30 mkati mwa makoma a bungwe la maphunziro.
Iye ankakonda ntchito yake ndipo ankalemekeza luso lake pa nthawi yomweyo. Pa nthawi ya maphunziro pa Conservatory, Nikolai analemba polyphonic, nyimbo mawu, komanso analenga concertos kwa gulu zida. Mu 1874 adayesa mphamvu zake monga wotsogolera. Patapita zaka 6, iye anachita kale ndi oimba mu likulu la Chitaganya cha Russia.
Rimsky-Korsakov anagwira ntchito mwakhama m'ma 1980. Panthawi imeneyi, adadzazanso banki yoimba nyimbo ndi ntchito zambiri zosakhoza kufa. Tikukamba za oimba nyimbo za "Scheherazade", "Spanish Capriccio" ndi "Holiday Bright".
Kuchepa kwa ntchito yolenga ya maestro
Zaka za m'ma 1890 zinadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito ya wolemba nyimbo wotchuka. Panthawi imeneyi, ntchito zafilosofi za maestro zinatuluka. Kuphatikiza apo, adasintha nyimbo zingapo zakale. Ntchitoyo inakhala ndi kamvekedwe kosiyana kotheratu.
Chithunzi chonse chinasintha pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1890. Panthawi imeneyi, Rimsky-Korsakov anayamba kulemba ntchito zingapo zanzeru ndi mphamvu zatsopano. Posakhalitsa adapereka opera yotchuka kwambiri mu repertoire yake, Mkwatibwi wa Tsar.
Pambuyo kuwonetsera angapo opera, Nikolai anakhala wotchuka. Chithunzicho chinasintha pang'ono mu 1905. Mfundo ndi yakuti Rimsky-Korsakov anathamangitsidwa ku bungwe la maphunziro ndipo m'gulu lotchedwa "wakuda mndandanda". Ndi chiyambi cha gulu zisinthe, wopeka anathandiza ophunzira chidwi, zomwe zinachititsa mkwiyo kwa akuluakulu.
Tsatanetsatane wa moyo wa wolemba Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
Rimsky-Korsakov analota za banja amphamvu ndi ochezeka moyo wake wonse wamkulu. Usiku wina wa kulenga anakumana ndi woimba limba wokongola Nadezhda Nikolaevna Purgold. Ponamizira kuti athandiza kulemba imodzi mwa zisudzo, adatembenukira kwa mayi wina kuti amuthandize.
Pa ntchito yaitali pa chilengedwe cha opera, maganizo anauka pakati pa achinyamata. Posakhalitsa anaganiza zokwatira. Ana XNUMX anabadwa m’banjamo. Mwachidziŵikire, ambiri a iwo anafa ali akhanda. Mwana wamkazi womaliza, Sofia, anatsatira mapazi a bambo ake. Kuyambira ali mwana, iye wakhala munthu kulenga. Amadziwika kuti Sofia Rimskaya-Korsakova anadziwika monga woimba opera.
Mkazi wa maestro anakhala zaka 11 kuposa mwamuna wake. Mayiyo anamwalira ndi nthomba. Pambuyo pa kupanduka, banja Korsakov anathamangitsidwa kunyumba kwawo. Kumeneko kunali anthu othawa kwawo. Ndipo kokha kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1870 m'zaka zapitazi, akuluakulu adapanga nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale polemekeza wolembayo.
Mfundo zosangalatsa za wolemba
- Ali mwana wazaka zitatu, Nikolai adawombera kale ng'oma.
- Kamodzi iye anakangana ndi wolemba Leo Tolstoy. Chotsatira chake, Tolstoy adadzudzula chilengedwe cha maestro, ponena kuti nyimbo iliyonse ndi yovulaza ndipo sizomveka.
- Iye ankakonda kuwerenga. Pa shelefu yake panali laibulale yochititsa chidwi ya anthu akale a ku Russia.
- Pambuyo pa imfa ya maestro, zolemba zake zidasindikizidwa, momwe adalankhula za ntchito zake zopanga.
- "Mkwatibwi wa Tsar" wolemba waku Russia adalowa m'magulu 100 otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov: Zaka zomaliza za moyo wake
Mayiyu anamwalira pa June 8, 1908. Chifukwa cha imfa chinali matenda a mtima. Wopeka nyimboyo atazindikira kuti sewero la The Golden Cockerel linali loletsedwa kuti liimbidwe, anadwala mwadzidzidzi. Poyamba, thupilo linaikidwa m’manda ku St. Pambuyo pake, zotsalirazo zinayikidwa kale mu "Masters of Arts Necropolis" ya Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
