Iye amatchedwa wopeka ndi woimba kuchokera "wowombera mndandanda". Nikolai Zhilyaev anakhala wotchuka mu moyo wake waufupi monga woimba, kupeka, mphunzitsi, ndi anthu. M’nthaŵi ya moyo wake, anazindikiridwa monga ulamuliro wosatsutsika.
Akuluakulu a boma anayesa kufafaniza ntchito yake padziko lapansi, ndipo kumlingo wina anapambana. Mpaka m'ma 80, owerengeka okha ankadziwa za ntchito Zhilyaev. Nikolaev ntchito akatswiri - kuphunzitsa (kapangidwe), maphunziro malemba ndi kusintha nyimbo.
Ubwana ndi unyamata Nikolai Zhilyaev
Tsiku lobadwa la Maestro ndi October 6, 1881. Iye anabadwira m'dera la Kursk. Pafupifupi palibe chomwe chimadziwika za zaka zaubwana wa Nikolai. Chodziwika bwino n’chakuti anachokera m’banja wamba.
Kuyambira ali wamng'ono wakhala ndi chidwi ndi nyimbo. Ali wachinyamata, Nikolai ankaimba mwakhama zida zingapo zoimbira. Mphatso ndi chikhumbo kukhala mu 1896 anamubweretsa ku likulu la Russia - Moscow.
Kwa zaka zitatu, mnyamatayo wakhala akuphunzira mogwirizana, polyphony wa kalembedwe okhwima, fugue ndi nyimbo mawonekedwe S. I. Taneeva. Zhilyaev anali mmodzi mwa ophunzira kwambiri luso la mphunzitsi.
Iye anakopeka ndi improvisation, choncho posakhalitsa kuchita zida motsogozedwa okhwima a Konyus. Nikolay sakanakhoza kulingalira moyo wake popanda nyimbo. Aphunzitsi monga mmodzi adaneneratu za tsogolo labwino la nyimbo kwa iye.
Posakhalitsa anamaliza maphunziro ake ku Moscow Conservatory. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana latsopano, adalemba kuwonekera koyamba kugulu Overture, komanso Scherzo for quartet ya zingwe. Monga ntchito yofufuza, wolembayo anapereka cantata "Samsoni".
Mwa njira, adaphatikiza maphunziro ake ku Conservatory ndi kuphunzitsa. Choncho, iye anaphunzitsa nyimbo mwana ndi mdzukulu wa Russian wolemba Leo Tolstoy. Komanso, odziwika bwino philanthropist Morozova, ndi tsogolo Marshal wa Soviet Union, M. N. Tukhachevsky, anabwera m'kalasi.
Ntchito ndi Nikolai Zhilyaev
Pamene Nikolai Zhilyaev adadziwonetsera yekha ngati bwenzi latsopano, adatchula, mwa zina, kuti anali woyamba kupeka nyimbo, ndipo kenako woimba. Katswiri woimba limba mwaluso ankaimba piyano ndi limba.
M'moyo wake, adakwanitsa kusindikiza nyimbo zochepa chabe. Ntchito zambiri sizinafike kwa anthu a m’nthawi yake. Pa moyo wake, amasilira ntchito Zhilyaev anatha kusangalala ndi zidutswa zimene analemba limba ndi violin, mawu ndi limba.
Ntchito ya woimbayo inakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi katswiri wachilendo Grieg. Kuti adziwe fano lake, Nikolai anapita ku Norway. Anakwanitsa kuchezera wolemba nyimboyo. Ulendowu sunangoyambitsa kudziŵana kokondweretsa, komanso kuphunzira chinenero cha Norway.
Atafika ku Norway, adatenga dzina lodziwika bwino la Peer Gynt. N'kutheka kuti chifukwa chokonda kwambiri nyimbo za Grieg zinakhudza chisankho chodzitengera yekha dzinali. Ndi dzinali adasaina zolemba zake. Kwa nthawi ndithu, Nikolai ankagwira ntchito m’nyuzipepala ya m’derali, n’kumapendanso ntchito za olemba nyimbo a ku Soviet Union. Zhilyaev adakulitsa chidziwitso chake m'moyo wake wonse. Anali munthu wophunzira kwambiri ndipo amadziwa zilankhulo 5.
Kwa zaka zingapo anali wotsutsa nyimbo m'buku lodziwika bwino la Chirasha la Golden Fleece. Patapita nthawi, iye anasindikiza nkhani akatswiri m'magazini "Moscow Weekly" ndi "Music".
Nikolai Zhilyaev anali katswiri pa zolemba za notographic. Nkhani zake zinasindikizidwa m'magazini "To New Shores", "Modern Music", "Musical Nov" ndi ena. Iye ankakonda ntchito ya Prokofiev, Shostakovich, Alexandrov, Scriabin.
Pa nthawi imeneyi amayenda kwambiri. Zhilyaev anapita osati mizinda yambiri ya dziko lake, komanso anapita ku Austria, Germany, Norway. Akuluakulu a boma sanayamikire chikhumbo cha Nikolai chofuna kuphunzira za dziko.
Nikolai Zhilyaev: kuvomereza udindo wa bibliographer ku likulu la Tukhachevsky
Mu 1911 adakhala m'gulu la "Music and Theoretical Library". Zhilyaev - amagwirizana kwambiri ndi wolemba Scriabin. Amamuthandiza kusintha zina mwa zidutswa. Poyembekezera imfa yake yomwe yatsala pang'ono kufa, Alexander anaganiza zopereka gawo la ntchitoyo kwa Nikolai.
Kudziwana kwambiri ndi Scriabin kunamulola kuti nthawi zambiri apite ku nyumba ya Moscow ya wolemba nyimboyo. Anapita ku Alexander ku dacha yake ndipo anali mmodzi mwa oyamba kumvetsera mochedwa sonatas za nyimbo zomwe wolembayo anachita.
Pa Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni, iye ankagwira ntchito ku likulu la M. N. Tukhachevsky, akutenga udindo wa wolemba mabuku. Pambuyo pake, adzalipira mokwanira chifukwa chokhala ndi kugwirizana ndi Mikhail Nikolaevich.
Kuyambira m'ma 30s wa zaka zapitazi, anayamba kulankhula kwambiri ndi Shostakovich. Ubale wapamtima pakati pa olembawo unali wogwirizana kwambiri ndi dzina la Tukhachevsky tatchulawa, yemwe ubwenzi wake unakhala woopsa kwa Nikolai.
Ntchito yolemba - idatenga gawo la mkango la nthawi yogwira ntchito ya Nikolai. Iye anali membala wa gulu la akonzi a gawo la Gosizdat. Amalembedwa ngati mlembi wa zolembedwa za piyano Allegro ndi A. Scriabin (ntchitoyi idasindikizidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20 pansi pa mutu wa Symphonic Poem for Orchestra). Kuphatikiza apo, adasindikiza Symphony ya C. Debussy (1933), yomwe adalemba ali wachinyamata.
Zhilyaev ndi wolemba mabuku ambiri a mbiri ya nyimbo. Ndizosatheka kusatchula ntchito yake yotchuka kwambiri, yomwe adalemba ndi N.A. Metlov. Ndi za "Music Reader".
Cha m'ma 20s wa zaka zapitazi, iye anasankhidwa kukhala mphunzitsi pa Moscow Conservatory. Anapereka maphunziro ku bungwe zaka zoposa 10. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti Nikolai adaphunzitsa maphunziro apamwamba kwa olemba nyimbo. Patapita nthawi, Zhilyaev adzaphunzitsa yekha zikuchokera.
Nikolai Zhilyaev: kumangidwa kwa wolemba
Kamodzi woimbayo anabwera kwa Nina Fedorovna Teplinskaya, yemwe panthawiyo anali ndi udindo wa woyang'anira laibulale. Anapempha kusunga zolemba zina. Panthaŵiyo, opeka ndi oimba ambiri amene anali kuopa kusunga mipukutu kunyumba anachita zimenezi. Maestro ankakhulupirira kuti laibulaleyo ndi malo okhawo omwe zolembazo zidzakhala zotetezeka. Iye analonjeza Teplinskaya kubwerera posachedwapa ... koma anali msonkhano wawo wotsiriza.
Kumayambiriro kwa November, anamangidwa ndi People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs ya Soviet Union. Nicholas anaimbidwa mlandu wotsutsa-zosintha komanso ukazitape. Panthawi imeneyo, milandu yotereyi inali "yosokedwa" kwa anthu ambiri a chikhalidwe cha USSR. NKVD inalanda mbiri yake ndi laibulale yaikulu - mabuku ndi nyimbo.
Iye anatengedwa m'ndende mu "Tukhachevsky mlandu". Nikolai anagwera mu mtsinje wa "kugunda mndandanda" amene analowa mchitidwe wa People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs ya USSR pambuyo pa December 1, 1934 (kuphedwa kwa S.M. Kirov).
Reference: "Mlandu wa Tukhachevsky" ndi mlandu woimbidwa mlandu wa gulu la atsogoleri ankhondo a Soviet otsogozedwa ndi Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky wokonzekera chiwembu chankhondo kuti alande mphamvu.
Dzina la munthu amene anadzudzula woimbayo ndi A.A. Kovalensky - adadulidwa mu Chiwonetsero cha Prosecutor General wa USSR pa mlandu wa Zhilyaev. Patapita miyezi ingapo, amene anadzudzula woimbayo anawomberedwanso.
Patapita chaka chimodzi anaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe. Chigamulocho chinaperekedwa pa tsiku lachigamulo. M'zaka za m'ma 60 zazaka zapitazi, mlanduwu unawunikidwanso. Anamwalira pa January 20, 1938. Kumapeto kwa April 1961, Zhilyaev anali kukonzanso.
