Atawuka mu tsiku la 1987, kumtunda, chigamba kusukulu ya sekondale komanso patsogolo pa onse, woimba wa ku America Nirvana, Lget anali panjira.
Mpaka lero, dziko lonse lapansi likusangalala ndi kumenyedwa kwa gulu lampatukoli la ku America. Onse anali kukondedwa ndi kudedwa, koma palibe amene ali ndi chidwi ndi ntchito yake.
Nirvana anayamba
Kurt Cobain ndi Krist Novoselic, kuphunzira mu sekondale yemweyo, kwa nthawi yaitali, mouma khosi sanazindikire wina ndi mzake ndipo anakhala mabwenzi, kupita ku gulu lomwelo rehearsal Thevinas.
Kurt Cobain (mayimbidwe ndi gitala) kwa nthawi yayitali adalimbikitsa Krist Novoselic (gitala ya bass) kuti apange gulu lake loimba, koma adakana.
Patapita zaka 3, kale mu 1987, Khristu ankakonda kujambula zikuchokera woyamba Kurt Cobain pansi pa dzina "Fecal Nkhani", ndipo iye anaumirira kulenga gulu.
Adatenga Bob McFedden ngati woyimba, koma adasiya ntchitoyi patatha mwezi umodzi. Kenako anaitana Aaron Burkhard (ng’oma), amenenso anasiya ntchitoyo patatha miyezi iwiri.
Panthawiyi, adakwanitsa kusintha drummer, Dale Krover (ng'oma) adakhala membala watsopano wa gululo, ndipo ndi kutenga nawo mbali, gululo linalemba mawonetsero oyambirira. Koma woyimba ng'omayi sanakhalitsenso - Dave Foster (ng'oma) posakhalitsa adalowa m'malo mwake.
M'miyezi ingapo yoyambirira, gulu silinathe kusankha dzina, ndipo potsiriza, kumayambiriro kwa 1988, anyamatawo adapatsa gulu lawo dzina lakuti "Nirvana".
Kurt Cobain analankhula za izo. kuti mosiyana ndi mfundo zovomerezeka zamagulu a punk-rock panthawiyo, kusankha chinthu chamwano ndi chonyansa cha dzina la gululo, anyamatawo anasankha dzina labwino, lachifundo la gulu lawo.
Ntchito yoyamba ya gulu la Nirvana inachitika mu March 1988. Ngakhale miyezi isanu ndi umodzi idadutsa, woyimba ng'oma Chad Channing (ng'oma) adasinthanso mu timu, nthawi ino kwa zaka 2.
Nyimbo yoyamba ya gululo inali nyimbo ya "Love Buzz / Big Cheese". Kale m'chilimwe cha 1989, Nirvana, opangidwa ndi Jack Endino, adatulutsa chimbale chawo choyamba, Bleach, pansi pa chizindikiro cha Sub Pop.
Gulu la Nirvana
Inde, mtundu wanyimbo wa chimbale choyamba unakhudzidwa ndi The Melvins ndi Black Sabbath. Kutulutsidwa kwa chimbale choyamba kunabweretsa gululo kutchuka koyamba ndi kutchuka pamawayilesi ang'onoang'ono aku koleji. Ndipo naye, gulu loimba anapita kukaona America, kuchita m'mizinda 26.
Mbali ya machitidwe a Nirvana inali ngati "mwambo" - anyamata atatha konsati anaphwanya zida kuti smithereens. Pambuyo pake Krist Novoselic adavomereza kuti adachita izi kuti atuluke mwachangu.
Kurt analemba mawu ndi nyimbo za nyimbo iliyonse payekha. Oбычнo, нaигрывaя нa aкустичeскoй гитaрe, oн сoчинял, стрeмясь сoздaть симбиoз тяжёлoгo и лёгкoгo звучaний, нo всeгдa пoдчёркивaл, чтo нe любит, кoгдa eгo считaют eдинствeнным aвтoрoм, пoскoльку другиe учaстники кoллeктивa тaкжe игрaли вeсoмую рoль в принятии oтдeльных рeшeний oтнoситeльнo кaждoй кoмпoзиции.
Anathandizira kujambula kwa Album yoyamba Jason Everman, yemwe dzina lake linalembedwa pachivundikiro cha gitala ngati gitala, ngakhale kuti sanakhalepo, koma anyamatawo akufuna kutchedwa Everman kuti agwire ntchito ya gululo.
Kurt sanabise kuti nyimbo zoyamba za gululi zidang'ambika komanso zakuthwa. Koma patapita nthawi, nyimbozo zinakhala zosalala komanso zomveka, ndipo woimbayo anakhala wosangalala. Gululo linakula kwambiri muzolemba zawo: anayamba kukweza mitu ya chikondi ndi malingaliro, mikangano ndi zochitika.
Logo ya gulu la Nirvana
Nirvana: New Horizons
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 90, atayamba ntchito pa Album yatsopano ya situdiyo, anyamatawo adayambanso kutsutsana ndi woyimba ng'oma, zinkawoneka kwa anyamatawo kuti Chad Channing sanali kukoka, Chad mwiniwakeyo adakwiya kuti angamumvere. zimakhudza ndondomekoyi.
Sizinali zotheka kupeza chinenero wamba ndi woimba anasiya gulu, patapita milungu ingapo latsopano drummer Dale Krover anatenga malo kuseri kwa ng'oma, ndipo patapita nthawi - Dan Peters. Koma pa izi, ntchito kwa woyimba ng'oma sanatseke, ndipo patapita miyezi ingapo, atamva nyimbo zingapo ankaimba Dave Grohl, Kurt ndi Krist yomweyo anamutengera ku gulu lawo.
Ndipo kotero kupanga kwakukulu komaliza kwa gulu la Nirvana kunapangidwa.
Mu 1990, oimba adasaina pangano ndi chizindikiro chatsopano ndipo adayamba kujambula chimbale chatsopano chotchedwa "Nevermind". Nyimbo yoyamba ya "Smells Like Teen Spirit" kuchokera ku albumyi inakhala yotchuka nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha kuwulutsa kwake kosalekeza pa njira ya nyimbo ya MTV.
Mu Januwale 1991, chimbale chachiwiri cha gululo Nevermind chidafika pa nambala wani pa chartboard ya Billboard, ndikusiya chimbale cha Michael Jackson.
Kurt Cobain: moyo
Mu February 1992, Kurt Cobain ndi Courtney Love (mtsogoleri wa gulu lolemera la indie-rock Hole) adakwatirana ndipo adalengeza kuti akuyembekezera mwana pofika m'dzinja. Mphekesera zinayamba kufalikira kuti makolo amtsogolo amakhala makamaka pa heroin.
Ndipo makamaka mphekesera zinakula pamene m'chilimwe anyamata sanapite paulendo wathunthu wa America pothandizira album yachiwiri, kutchula kutopa kwakukulu. Anyamatawo adasewera ma concerts ochepa okha ndipo adachita ku England pa chikondwerero cha Reading.
Kurt Cobain anavutika ndi ululu woopsa wa m'mimba, zomwe zinatsimikiziridwa pamene, pambuyo pa konsati mu June, anakafika kuchipatala cha Belfast.
Komabe, mphekesera za heroin zinapitirizabe kuwavutitsa, ndipo nkhani ya Vanity Fair inakhala yochititsa manyazi kwambiri, yomwe, ngati mwamwayi, zinkanenedwa kuti Courtney yemwe anali ndi pakati akugwiritsa ntchito hemp. Makolo am'tsogolo anatsutsa mphekesera zoterozo mosalekeza ndipo anaopseza poyera kuti alanga wolemba nkhaniyo.
Kudya 18 August 1992, Paira anali Randed ndi wathanzi msungwana Francis bin Kobein, iwo anafika mfundo ya utumiki wa mwanayo, amene anali atatopa.
Mphekesera zitayamba kufalikira za kudwala kwa Kurt, komanso kuti gululi litha posachedwa, anyamatawo adaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito mphekesera iyi ndipo pamasewera awo otsatira adaseka: Patangopita mphindi zochepa, woimbayo adadzuka ndikulumikizana ndi ena onse. Izi zinalimbikitsa omvera. Gulu lokondedwa linalandiridwa mokondwera ndi mafani ndipo nthabwalazo zinangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa ntchito.
Pat Smear (gitala)
Nirvana: Nyimbo Apanso
Kuti chimbale chatsopanocho chimveke molimba mtima, chonyozeka komanso chosasinthika, anyamatawo adayitana wopanga Steve Albini, yemwe pansi pa utsogoleri wake chimbale chachitatu "Mu Utero" chinalembedwa mkati mwa milungu iwiri yokha. Koma inali yaiwisi komanso yosamalizidwa. Anyamatawo sanakonde nyimbo zonse, analibe mtundu wina wathunthu, albumyo inakhala yaulesi komanso yopanda mphamvu.
Kuledzera Kurt Cobain
Panthawiyi, mphekesera ndi miseche zinali kukwawanso kuzungulira Kurt Cobain. Pa May 2, 1993, Kurt Cobain anawonjezera heroin. Patatha mwezi umodzi, Courtney adayitana apolisi kunyumba ku Seattle kuti achotse Kurt, yemwe adatsekeredwa m'bafa ndikuwopseza kuti adzipha.
Asanatulutse chimbale "In Utero" pa Seminala Yatsopano Yanyimbo ya July, yomwe idachitikira ku Roseland Ballroom ku New York, Kurt Cobain analinso ndi overdose.
Panthawiyo, malipoti anayamba kuonekera nthawi zonse m'manyuzipepala, kuphatikizapo nkhani ya Newsweek kuti DCG sanakhutire ndi chimbale chomwe chinatulutsidwa "Mu Utero" ndipo adatsutsa gulu la Nirvana kuti limapanga dala album.
Onse studio ndi gulu anakana kwathunthu mphekesera zoterezi. Pakumaliza komaliza kwa nyimbozo, adaganiza zokumbukira zojambulirazo ndi wopanga REM Scott Litt.
Chakumapeto kwa 1993, nyimbo yachitatu ya gulu la Nirvana "In Utero" idayamba ndipo idatenga malo oyamba mu Billboard 200 hit parade, ndipo nyimboyo itatulutsidwa, gululo lidayenda ulendo waukulu ku United States, kuyitanira anthu. woyimba gitala wachiwiri Pater Smir.
Kumayambiriro kwa 1994, gululi linapita kukacheza ku Ulaya. Koma pambuyo pa konsati ku Munich pa February 29, 1994, Cobain anadwala mwakayakaya chifukwa cha matenda a bronchitis ndi laryngitis, ndipo sewero lomwe linakonzedwa mawa lake linayenera kuimitsidwa. Unali mtundu wa atolankhani.
Komabe, zenizeni, zonse zinali zosiyana: pambuyo pa konsati ku Munich, Kurt adaganiza zokhala masiku angapo ku Rome ndikupumula ndi Courtney. Koma pa Marichi 4, Courtney adadzuka ndikupeza kuti Kurt adayesa kudzipha pomwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a Rohypnol tranquilizer ndikumwa champagne atalemba kalata yodzipha.
Pambuyo pa sabata limodzi ali m'chipatala, Cobain anabwerera ku Seattle, koma maganizo ake anali osakhazikika. Pa March 18, 1994, apolisi analankhula ndi Kurt, yemwe anaopseza kuti adzipha podzitsekera m’chipinda ndi chida.
Courtney ndi Nirvana adakonza chithandizo cha rehab, ndikuyika Kurt ku Exodus Recovery Center ku Los Angeles pa Marichi 30. Komabe, pa Epulo 1, Cobain adathawa kuchipatala ndikubwerera ku Seattle.
Pa Epulo 4, amayi ake adalemba chikalata kupolisi pamndandanda wofunidwa. Ndipo kale pa Epulo 8, 1994, Kurt Cobain adapezeka atafa mnyumba yake ku Seattle ndi katswiri wamagetsi yemwe adabwera kudzayika alamu yakuba. Malinga ndi mtundu wovomerezeka, woimbayo adadziwombera ndi mfuti.
Nirvana yasweka
Chikumbutso cha Kurt Cobain ku Aberdeen Historical Museum
Ena oimba patapita nthawi anayamba kuchita ntchito payekha. Pambuyo pa imfa yomvetsa chisoni ya Kurt Cobain, nyimbo zingapo za Nirvana zidatulutsidwa, yoyamba yomwe idawonekera mu Novembala 1994. Patatha milungu iwiri, kanema wa zokamba zake adatulutsidwa, zambiri zomwe Kurt adasankha yekha.
Frances Cobain ndi Courtney Love
Kuyambira mu Ogasiti 1997, Krist Novoselic ndi Dave Grohl akhala akugwira ntchito yosonkhanitsa nyimbo za Nirvana zomwe sizinachitike ndipo patatha zaka 4 adalengeza kuti zosonkhanitsazo zakonzeka ndipo zidzatulutsidwa kumapeto kwa chaka chakhumi cha nyimbo yachiwiri ya Nirvana "Neverminad. Koma tsiku lomasulidwa lisanafike, mkazi wamasiye wa Cobain Courtney Love adasuma mlandu kwa oimbawo powaimba mlandu wogwiritsa ntchito ntchito ya Kurt mosaloledwa ndipo motero adaletsa kusonkhanitsa.
Mkangano waukulu unayambika pa nyimbo yakuti "Mukudziwa Kuti Mukulondola". Courtney adanena momveka bwino kuti nyimboyi idatulutsidwa m'gulu la nyimbo za timuyi. Mlanduwo unapitirira kwa chaka chimodzi, koma, mokondweretsa mafanizi, maphwando adagwirizana ndipo adaganiza zofalitsa nyimbo zomwe zimakonda kwambiri, kuphatikizapo nyimbo ya "You Know You're Right", yomwe idatchedwanso "Nirvana". ".
Pambuyo pa zaka 2, chimbale chapadera chosowa chinatulutsidwa ndi zojambula zoyambirira za Kurt Cobain zotchedwa "With The Lights Out".
Courtney Love, pokhala ndi khalidwe lochititsa manyazi komanso nthawi yomweyo bizinesi, m'chaka cha 2006 anaganiza zomugulitsa 25% ya nyimbo za gulu la Nirvana. Anagulidwa ndi Larry Mestel.
Zaka zitatu pambuyo pake, chimbale choyamba cha Nirvana chinatulutsidwanso pa CD, komanso pa vinyl, kwa zaka 3 za kutulutsidwa koyambirira, zomwe zinaphatikizapo kujambula kosatulutsidwa kwa konsati ku Portland, yomwe inachitika pa February 20, 9. Chaka chilichonse chiŵerengero cha mafani a gulu loimba la Nirvana lomwe silinakhalepo likukulirakulira. Kusindikiza kwachikumbutso kwa Nevermind kudachita bwino kwambiri.
Krist Novoselic anayesa kupanga magulu atsopano, koma sanapambane. Mu 2004, Novoselich adasindikiza buku lofotokoza mbiri, pomwe adagawana zolinga zake zamtsogolo.
Nirvana Zojambulajambula
Albums za studio:
1989 - "Bleach"
1991 - "Nevermind"
1993 - "Mu Utero"
КoncertnyndiLBoife:
1994 - "MTV Unplugged ku New York"
1996 - "From the Muddy Banks of the Wishkah"
2009 - "Live at Reading"
2011 - "Live at the Paramount"
2013 - "Live and Loud (Nirvana)".
Sat.orniki:
1992 - "Incesticide"
2002 - "Nirvana (Zazikulu Kwambiri)"
2004 - "Ndi Kuwala Kuwala" (Kutolere zolemba zosowa)
2005 - "Sliver: The Best of the Box".
Miyendo-aLBoife:
1989 - "Kuphulika"
1992 - "Hormoaning"
Zapamwamba:
"Nunkha ngati chidwi chachinyamata"
Amaswana
"Munthu Amene Anagulitsa Dziko Lapansi"
"Mukudziwa kuti mwalakwitsa"
"Moyo Wofanana Bokosi"
"Lithiyamu"
"Mu Bloom"
"Za Mtsikana"
