Public Enemy adalembanso malamulo a hip-hop, kukhala gulu limodzi mwamagulu okonda kumvera komanso otsutsana kwambiri kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980. Kwa omvera ambiri, ndiwo gulu la rap lamphamvu kwambiri nthawi zonse.
Gululi lidatengera nyimbo zawo pa Run-DMC zomenyera mumsewu ndi nyimbo zagulu la Boogie Down Productions. Iwo adachita upainiya wolimba wa rap yomwe inali yosintha pazandale komanso pazandale.
Liwu lodziwika bwino la rapper Chuck D lakhala chizindikiro cha gululi. M’nyimbo zawo, gululi linkakhudzanso nkhani zosiyanasiyana zokhudza anthu, makamaka zimene zinkakhudza oimira anthu akuda.
Polimbikitsa nyimbo zawo, nkhani zokhudzana ndi mavuto a anthu akuda pakati pa anthu zinakhala chizindikiro cha oimba nyimbo.
Ngakhale ma Albamu oyambilira a Public Enemy omwe adatulutsidwa ndi Bomb Squad adawapezera malo ku Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, ojambulawo adapitilizabe kutulutsa zolemba zawo mpaka 2013.
Mtundu wanyimbo wa gululo
Panyimbo, gululi linali losintha ngati Bomb Squad yawo. Pojambula nyimbo, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zozindikirika, kulira kwa siren, kugunda kwaukali.
Zinali nyimbo zolimba komanso zolimbikitsa zomwe zidaledzera kwambiri ndi mawu a Chuck D.
Wina membala wa gululo, Flavour Flav, adadziwika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake - magalasi osangalatsa komanso wotchi yayikulu yolendewera pakhosi pake.
Flavour Flav anali siginecha yowonekera ya gululo, koma sizinatengere chidwi cha omvera kutali ndi nyimbo.
Pakujambula kwawo koyamba kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 ndi koyambirira kwa 1990, gululi nthawi zambiri linkalandira ndemanga zosiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa omvera ndi otsutsa chifukwa cha kaimidwe kawo ndi mawu awo. Izi zidakhudza kwambiri gululi pomwe chimbale chawo cha It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back (1988) chidapangitsa gululo kutchuka.
Mkangano wonse utatha kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, ndipo gululo linapita kukapuma, zinaonekeratu kuti Public Enemy inali gulu lamphamvu kwambiri komanso lamphamvu kwambiri panthawi yake.
Kupanga gulu la Public Enemy
Chuck D (dzina lenileni Carlton Riedenhur, wobadwa Ogasiti 1, 1960) adakhazikitsa Public Enemy mu 1982 pomwe amaphunzira zojambulajambula ku Adelphi University ku Long Island.
Anali DJ pa wayilesi ya ophunzira WBAU komwe adakumana ndi Hank Shockley ndi Bill Stefney. Onse atatu adagawana chikondi cha hip hop ndi ndale, zomwe zidawapangitsa kukhala mabwenzi apamtima.
Shockley adasonkhanitsa ma demo a hip hop, Ridenhur adakwaniritsa nyimbo yoyamba ya Public Enemy No.
Woyambitsa mnzake wa Def Jam komanso wopanga Rick Rubin adamva kaseti ya Public Enemy No.
Chuck D poyamba sankafuna kutero, koma adayambitsa lingaliro la gulu la hip hop losinthika lomwe linali lozikidwa pa kumenyedwa koopsa komanso mitu yosintha chikhalidwe.
Polemba chithandizo cha Shockley (monga wojambula) ndi Stefni (monga wolemba nyimbo), Chuck D adapanga gulu lake. Kuphatikiza pa anyamata atatuwa, gululi linaphatikizapo DJ Terminator X (Norman Lee Rogers, wobadwa August 25, 1966) ndi Richard Griffin (Professor Griff) - choreographer wa gululo.
Patapita nthawi, Chuck D adafunsa mnzake wakale William Drayton kuti alowe mgululi ngati rapper wachiwiri. Drayton adabwera ndi Flavour Flav yosintha.
Flavour Flav, m'gululi, anali wosewera wa khothi yemwe amasangalatsa omvera pa nyimbo za Chuck D.
Kulowa koyamba kwamagulu
Chimbale choyambirira cha Public Enemy Yo! Bum Rush the Show idatulutsidwa ndi Def Jam Records mu 1987. Ma beats amphamvu komanso matchulidwe abwino kwambiri a Chuck D adayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi otsutsa a hip-hop ndi omvera wamba. Komabe, mbiriyo sinali yotchuka kwambiri mpaka kulowa mugulu lalikulu.
Komabe, nyimbo yawo yachiwiri Imatengera Mtundu wa Mamiliyoni Kuti Utigwire kumbuyo kunali kosatheka kunyalanyaza. Motsogozedwa ndi Shockley, gulu lopanga la Public Enemy (PE), Bomb Squad, lidapanga phokoso lapadera la gululi pophatikiza zinthu zina zosangalatsa mu nyimbozo. Kuwerenga kwa Chuck D kwayenda bwino ndipo mawonekedwe a Flavour Flav akhala osangalatsa kwambiri.
Otsutsa nyimbo za rap ndi otsutsa nyimbo za rock otchedwa Zimafunika Mtundu wa Mamiliyoni Kuti Utibwezeretse Mbiri yosintha, ndipo hip-hop mosayembekezereka inakhala chisonkhezero cha kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Zotsutsana pa ntchito ya gulu
Pamene gulu la Public Enemy linatchuka kwambiri, ntchito yake inatsutsidwa. M'mawu odziwika bwino, Chuck D adanena kuti rap ndi "CNN yakuda" (kampani yapawailesi yakanema yaku America) ikunena zomwe zikuchitika mdzikolo, komanso padziko lapansi, mwanjira yomwe atolankhani sakanatha kunena.
Nyimbo za gululi zidakhala ndi tanthauzo latsopano, ndipo otsutsa ambiri sanasangalale kuti mtsogoleri wachisilamu wakuda Louis Farrakhan adavomereza nyimbo ya gululo Bring the Noise.
Menyani Mphamvu, nyimbo ya filimu yotsutsana ya Spike Lee mu 1989 Do the Right Thing, idayambitsanso chipwirikiti cha "kuukira" kwa Elvis Presley ndi John Wayne wotchuka.
Koma nkhaniyi idayiwalika chifukwa cha kuyankhulana kwa The Washington Times komwe Griffin adalankhula za malingaliro odana ndi a Semiti. Mawu ake akuti “Ayuda ndiwo achititsa nkhanza zambiri zimene zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi” anadzidzimutsa ndiponso anakwiya kwambiri ndi anthu.
Otsutsa oyera, omwe adayamikapo kale gululi, anali otsutsa kwambiri. Poyang'anizana ndi vuto lalikulu pakupanga, Chuck D adayimilira. Choyamba, adathamangitsa Griffin, kenako adabwereranso, kenako adaganiza zothetsa gululo.
Griff adaperekanso kuyankhulana kwina komwe adalankhula zoyipa za Chuck D, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti achoke mgululi.
Album yatsopano - mavuto akale
Public Enemy adakhala chaka chonse cha 1989 akukonzekera chimbale chawo chachitatu. Adatulutsa chimbale cha Welcome to the Terrordome ngati chimbale chake choyamba koyambirira kwa 1990.
Apanso, nyimboyi inayambitsa mikangano yosalekeza pa mawu ake. Mzere wakuti "ananditengabe ngati Yesu" ankatchedwa anti-Semitic.
Ngakhale kuti panali mikangano yonse, m’chaka cha 1990, Fear of Black Planet inalandira ndemanga zabwino kwambiri. Nyimbo zingapo, zomwe ndi 911 Is a Joke, Brothers Gonna Work It Out ndi Can, zidapanga nyimbo 10 zapamwamba kwambiri. Can't Do Nuttin 'kwa Ya Man inali nyimbo 40 zapamwamba kwambiri za R&B.
Album Apocalypse 91… Adani Amenya Black
Kwa chimbale chawo chotsatira, Apocalypse 91... The Enemy Strikes Black (1991), gululo linajambulanso Bring the Noise with thrash metal Anthrax.
Ichi chinali chizindikiro choyamba kuti gululi likuyesera kugwirizanitsa omvera ake oyera. Albumyi idakumana ndi ndemanga zabwino kwambiri pakutulutsidwa kwake.
Zinayamba pa nambala 4 pazithunzi za pop, koma Public Enemy inayamba kutaya mphamvu mu 1992 pamene akuyenda ndipo Flavour Flav nthawi zonse ankalowa m'mavuto azamalamulo.
Kumapeto kwa 1992, gululo linatulutsa gulu la Greatest Misss remix pofuna kuyesetsa kukhalabe ndi luso loimba, koma adakumana ndi ndemanga zoipa kuchokera kwa otsutsa.
Pambuyo popuma
Gululi lidasiya kupuma mu 1993 pomwe Flavour Flav adathetsa vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Kubwerera m'chilimwe cha 1994 ndi ntchito ya Muse Sick-n-Hour Mess Age, gululi linatsutsidwanso kwambiri. Ndemanga zolakwika zidasindikizidwa mu Rolling Stone ndi The Source, zomwe zidakhudza kwambiri malingaliro a album yonse.
Album ya Muse Sick inayamba pa nambala 14 koma inalephera kutulutsa nyimbo imodzi yokha. Chuck D adachoka pa Public Enemy ali paulendo ku 1995 pamene adadula maubwenzi ndi chizindikiro cha Def Jam. Anapanga kampani yakeyake yosindikiza ndi yosindikiza kuti ayesere kukonzanso ntchito ya gululo.
Mu 1996, adatulutsa chimbale chake choyamba, The Autobiography of Mistachuck. Chuck D adawulula kuti akufuna kujambula chimbale chatsopano ndi gululi chaka chamawa.
Mbiriyo isanatulutsidwe, Chuck D adasonkhanitsa gulu la Bomb Squad ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito pama Albums angapo.
Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1998, Public Enemy adayambiranso kulemba nyimbo zomveka. He Got Game sanamveke ngati nyimbo, koma ngati chimbale chathunthu.
Mwa njira, ntchitoyi idalembedwa kwa Spike Lee yemweyo. Atatulutsidwa mu April 1998, chimbalecho chinalandira ndemanga zabwino kwambiri. Awa anali ndemanga zabwino kwambiri kuyambira Apocalypse 91… Adani Amenya Black.
The Def Jam label idakana kuthandiza Chuck D kubweretsa nyimbo kwa omvera kudzera pa intaneti, rapperyo adasaina mgwirizano ndi kampani yodziyimira payokha ya network ya Atomic Pop. Asanatulutse chimbale chachisanu ndi chiwiri cha gululi, Pali Poison Goin' On..., chizindikirocho chinapanga mafayilo a MP3 a mbiriyo kuti atumize pa intaneti. Ndipo chimbale anaonekera m'masitolo mu July 1999.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000 mpaka pano
Pambuyo pa kupuma kwa zaka zitatu kuchokera kujambula ndikusamukira ku In Paint label, gululo linatulutsa Revolverlution. Zinali kuphatikiza kwa nyimbo zatsopano, ma remixes ndi machitidwe amoyo.
CD/DVD combo It Takes a Nation idawonekera mu 2005. Phukusi la multimedia linali ndi kanema wa ola limodzi la konsati ya gululi ku London mu 1987 ndi CD yokhala ndi ma remixes osowa.
Nyimbo ya studio ya New Whirl Odor idatulutsidwanso mu 2005. Chimbale cha Rebirth of the Nation, chokhala ndi mawu onse olembedwa ndi rapper wa Bay Area Paris, chimayenera kutulutsidwa naye, koma sichinawonekere mpaka kumayambiriro kwa chaka chamawa.
Public Enemy ndiye adalowa gawo labata, osachepera potengera zojambulira, kutulutsa kokha 2011 remix ndi rarities compilation Beats and Places.
Gululi lidabweranso mu 2012 ndikuchita bwino kwambiri, ndikutulutsanso ma Albums awiri atsopano: Ambiri Anga Achinyamata Sanawonekebe Pa Sitampu ndi The Evil Empire Of Chilichonse.
Public Enemy adayenderanso kwambiri mu 2012 ndi 2013. Nyimbo zawo zachiwiri ndi zachitatu zidatulutsidwanso chaka chamawa.
M'chilimwe cha 2015, gululi linatulutsa chimbale chawo cha 13, Man Plan God Laughs. Mu 2017, Public Enemy adakondwerera zaka 30 za chimbale chawo choyambirira Palibe Chachangu M'chipululu.
