Pyotr Tchaikovsky ndi chuma chenicheni padziko lapansi. Wolemba nyimbo wa ku Russia, mphunzitsi waluso, wotsogolera ndi wotsutsa nyimbo adathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa nyimbo zachikale.
Ubwana ndi unyamata wa Pyotr Tchaikovsky
Iye anabadwa pa May 7, 1840. Ubwana wake anakhala m'mudzi waung'ono wa Votkinsk. Bambo ndi amayi a Pyotr Ilyich sanali ogwirizana ndi zilandiridwenso. Mwachitsanzo, mutu wa banja anali injiniya, ndipo mayi analera anawo.
Banjali linkakhala bwino kwambiri. Anakakamizika kusamukira ku Urals, monga bambo ake anapatsidwa udindo wa mutu wa zitsulo. M'mudzi, Ilya Tchaikovsky anapatsidwa malo ndi antchito.
Peter anakulira m’banja lalikulu. Osati ana okha amene ankakhala m'nyumba, komanso achibale ambiri a mutu wa banja Ilya Tchaikovsky. Anawo anaphunzitsidwa ndi bwanamkubwa wina wa ku France, yemwe anaitanidwa ndi bambo ake a Peter ochokera ku St. Posakhalitsa anakhala pafupifupi chiŵalo chonse cha banjalo.
Nyimbo zinkaseweredwa nthawi zambiri m'nyumba ya woimba wamtsogolo wa ku Russia. Ndipo ngakhale kuti makolo anali ogwirizana ndi zilandiridwenso, bambo mwaluso ankaimba chitoliro, ndipo mayi anga ankaimba zachikondi ndi kuimba limba. Petya wamng'ono anatenga maphunziro a piyano kuchokera ku Palchikova.
Kuwonjezera pa nyimbo, Peter ankakonda kulemba ndakatulo. Analemba ndakatulo zamtundu wanthabwala m’chinenero chosakhala cha mbadwa kwa iye. Pambuyo pake, zolengedwa za Tchaikovsky zinapeza tanthauzo la filosofi.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1840, banja lalikulu linasamukira ku likulu la Russia - Moscow. Patapita zaka zingapo, banjali linkakhala kudera la St. Ku likulu la chikhalidwe cha Russia, abale anatumizidwa kusukulu yogonera komweko ya Schmeling.
Ku St. Petersburg, Pyotr Tchaikovsky anayamba kuphunzira nyimbo zachikale ndi opera. Panthawi imeneyi, iye anadwala chikuku. Matenda osamutsidwawo adapereka zovuta. Petro anali ndi khunyu.
Posakhalitsa banja linabwereranso ku Urals. Nthawi imeneyi anatumizidwa ku mzinda wa Alapaevsk. Tsopano bwanamkubwa watsopano Anastasia Petrova ankachita maphunziro a Petro.
Maphunziro a Pyotr Tchaikovsky
Ngakhale kuti Pyotr Ilyich anali ndi chidwi ndi nyimbo kuyambira ali mwana, adapita ku opera ndi ballet, makolo ake sanaganizirepo kuti mwana wake adzachita nawo ntchito. Kuzindikira kuti mwanayo ayenera kutumizidwa kusukulu ya nyimbo kunali pambuyo pake. Makolo ake anamutumiza ku Sukulu ya Chilamulo, yomwe inali ku St. Choncho, mu 1850, Peter anasamukira ku likulu la chikhalidwe cha Russia.
Peter adalowa sukuluyi mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1850. Kwa zaka zingapo zoyambirira, Tchaikovsky sakanatha kumvetsera bwino. Anali kusowa kwawo kwambiri.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1850, Pyotr Ilyich anasiya maphunziro ake. Kenako banja lina lalikulu linasamukiranso ku St. Kenako anakumana ndi Russian opera ndi ballet.
1854 inali chaka chovuta kwa banja la Tchaikovsky. Zoona zake n’zakuti mayiyo anamwalira mwadzidzidzi ndi kolera. Mutu wa banja analibe chochita koma kutumiza ana aamuna aakulu ku masukulu otsekedwa. Ndi mapasa, Ilya Tchaikovsky anapita kukakhala ndi mchimwene wake.
Peter anapitiriza kuchita nawo nyimbo mwakhama. Anaphunziranso maphunziro a piyano kwa Rudolf Kündinger. Bambo anasamalira Peter ndipo anaganiza zomulembera mphunzitsi wachilendo. Mutu wa banja utasowa ndalama, Peter sanathe kulipira maphunziro.
Posakhalitsa, Ilya Tchaikovsky anapatsidwa kukhala mkulu wa Institute of Technology. Kuwonjezera pa mfundo yakuti bambo Peter analonjezedwa mlingo wabwino, banja anapatsidwa ndi nyumba yaikulu.
Kenako Pyotr Ilyich anapeza ntchito. Anathera nthawi yake yopuma ku nyimbo. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1860, anapita kudziko lina kwa nthawi yoyamba. Kumeneko anali kuchita malonda, koma zimenezi sizinamlepheretse kuzoloŵerana ndi chikhalidwe cha kumaloko ndi mtundu wake. Chochititsa chidwi n’chakuti Peter ankadziwa bwino Chitaliyana ndi Chifulenchi.
Njira yolenga ya wolemba Pyotr Tchaikovsky
Muunyamata wake, Pyotr Ilyich sanaganize za ntchito yoimba. Chodabwitsa n’chakuti ankaona kuti nyimbo n’zofunika kwambiri pamoyo. Mutu wa banja, amene anali kuyang'anitsitsa mwana wake, anazindikira kuti Petro anali ndi chizolowezi nyimbo. Ndipo adamulangiza kuti ayambe "zokonda" kale pamlingo waukadaulo.
Peter atamva kuti nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ikutsegulidwa ku St. Petersburg, yomwe inkayang'aniridwa ndi Anton Rubinstein, zinthu zinasintha. Anaganiza kuti akufuna kuphunzira nyimbo. Posakhalitsa adasiya zamalamulo ndipo adaganiza zodzipereka panyimbo moyo wake wonse. Ndiye Pyotr Ilyich analibe ndalama, koma ngakhale izi sizinamulepheretse panjira yopita ku maloto ake.
Ndikuphunzira ku Conservatory, Pyotr Ilyich analemba cantata "To Joy", yomwe pamapeto pake idakhala ntchito yake yomaliza maphunziro. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, zolengedwa za Tchaikovsky zinapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kusiyana ndi oimba a St. Mwachitsanzo, Kaisara Cui analemba kuti:
"Monga wolemba nyimbo, Pyotr Ilyich ndi wofooka kwambiri. Ndiosavuta komanso osamala ... ".
Pyotr Ilyich sanachite manyazi ndi chidzudzulocho. Anakwanitsa kumaliza maphunziro ake ku St. Petersburg Conservatory ndi mendulo yasiliva. Kwa iye, uwu unali ulemu wapamwamba kwambiri. Cha m'ma 1860 wopeka anasamukira ku Moscow (pa kuumirira m'bale wake). Posakhalitsa mwayi unamwetulira pa iye. Anatenga pulofesa ku Conservatory.
Pamwamba pa ntchito yolenga
Pyotr Ilyich anaphunzitsa kwa nthawi yaitali ku Moscow Conservatory. Iye wadziika yekha kukhala mphunzitsi wabwino ndi mlangizi. Tchaikovsky adachita khama kwambiri ndipo adapereka nthawi yochuluka kukonza ndondomeko yoyenera ya maphunziro. Panthawiyo, zinali zovuta kwa ophunzira. Zolemba zochepa za sayansi zidadzipangitsa kumva. Pyotr Ilyich anayamba kumasulira mabuku akunja. Kuphatikiza apo, adapanga zida zingapo zophunzitsira.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1870, Tchaikovsky anaganiza zosiya udindo wake monga pulofesa ku Conservatory. Ankafuna kuthera nthawi yambiri polemba. Malo a Pyotr Ilyich adatengedwa ndi wophunzira wake wokondedwa komanso "dzanja lamanja" Sergei Taneyev. Anakhala wophunzira wokondedwa kwambiri wa Tchaikovsky.
Moyo wa Tchaikovsky unaperekedwa ndi mtsogoleri wake Nadezhda von Meck. Iye anali mkazi wamasiye wolemera kwambiri ndipo chaka chilichonse ankalipira woimba ndalama 6 rubles.
Kusamuka kwa Tchaikovsky ku likulu kunapindulitsadi woimbayo. Inali nthawi imeneyi pamene ntchito yake yolenga inakula. Kenaka adakumana ndi mamembala a gulu la oimba "Mighty Handful", kumene anthu aluso adasinthana zomwe adakumana nazo. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1860, adalemba zongopeka zochokera ku ntchito ya Shakespeare.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1870, imodzi mwa nyimbo zotchuka kwambiri inachokera ku cholembera cha Pyotr Ilyich. Tikulankhula za kulengedwa kwa "Mkuntho". Pa nthawi imeneyi anali kunja kwa nthawi yaitali. Ali kunja, anapeza luso. Zomverera zomwe anakumana nazo ali kunja zinapanga maziko a nyimbo zomwe zinatsatira.
M'zaka za m'ma 1870, nyimbo zosaiŵalika za maestro otchuka zinatuluka, mwachitsanzo, "Swan Lake". Pambuyo pake, Tchaikovsky anayamba kuyendayenda padziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, adakondweretsa mafani a nyimbo zachikale ndi nyimbo zatsopano komanso zokondedwa zakale.
Pyotr Ilyich anakhala zaka zomalizira za moyo wake m'tauni yaing'ono ya m'chigawo cha Klin. Panthawi imeneyi, adavomera kuti atsegule sukulu yokwanira m'mudzimo.
Wolemba nyimbo wotchuka anamwalira pa November 6, 1893. Pyotr Ilyich anamwalira ndi kolera.
Mfundo zosangalatsa za wolemba Pyotr Tchaikovsky
- Iye anakonza opera ndi Anton Chekhov.
- Mu nthawi yake yaulere, Peter adagwira ntchito ngati mtolankhani.
- Nthawi ina anagwira nawo ntchito yozimitsa moto.
- Mu lesitilanti ina, wolemba nyimboyo anaitanitsa kapu yamadzi. Zotsatira zake, zidapezeka kuti sanaphike. Kenako zinapezeka kuti wadwala kolera.
- Iye sankakonda anthu amene sankakonda dziko lawo.
Tsatanetsatane wa moyo wa Pyotr Tchaikovsky
Pazithunzi zambiri zomwe zasungidwa, Pyotr Tchaikovsky amatengedwa pamodzi ndi amuna. Akatswiri akungoganizirabe za momwe wolemba nyimbo wotchukayu anali. Olemba mbiri akuwonetsa kuti wolembayo atha kukhala ndi malingaliro a Joseph Kotek ndi Vladimir Davydov.
Sizikudziwika ngati Pyotr Ilyich anali gay. Wolembayo alinso ndi zithunzi zokhala ndi kugonana kosangalatsa. Olemba mbiri ya moyo wawo ali otsimikiza kuti ichi ndi chododometsa chabe chimene wolemba nyimboyo anachigwiritsa ntchito kusokoneza maganizo ake ku mbali yake yeniyeni.
Ankafuna kukwatira Artaud Desiree. Mayiyo anakana woimbayo, makamaka Marian Padilla y Ramos. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1880, Antonina Milyukova anakhala mkazi wa Peter. Mkaziyo anali wamng’ono kwambiri kwa mwamunayo. Banja limeneli linatha milungu yochepa chabe. Antonina ndi Peter pafupifupi sanali kukhala pamodzi, ngakhale kuti sanapereke mwalamulo chisudzulo.
