Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa nyimbo zapadziko lonse lapansi. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti moyo wake waufupi anatha kulemba pa 600 nyimbo. Anayamba kulemba nyimbo zake zoyamba ali mwana.
Ubwana wa woimba
Iye anabadwa pa January 27, 1756 mu mzinda wokongola wa Salzburg. Mozart adakwanitsa kukhala wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Zoona zake n’zakuti anakulira m’banja lolenga zinthu. Bambo ake ankagwira ntchito yoimba.
Mozart anakulira m'banja lalikulu. Abale ndi alongo ake ambiri anamwalira ali aang’ono. Wolfgang atabadwa, madokotala ananena kuti mnyamatayo adzakhalabe mwana wamasiye. Pa nthawi yobereka, mayi a Mozart anakumana ndi mavuto aakulu. Madokotala ananeneratu kuti mkazi wobalayo sadzapulumuka. Chodabwitsa n’chakuti anachira.
Kuyambira ubwana wake, Mozart ankakonda kwambiri nyimbo. Anaona bambo ake akusewera zida zosiyanasiyana zoimbira. Pausinkhu wa zaka 5, mwanayo ankatha kuimba ndi makutu nyimbo imene Leopold Mozart (bambo) ankaimba mphindi zingapo zapitazo.
Mutu wa banja, amene anaona kuti mwana wake angathe kuchita bwino, anamuphunzitsa kuimba zeze. Mnyamatayo adadziwa bwino nyimbo zovuta kwambiri zamasewera ndi mphindi, ndipo posakhalitsa adatopa ndi ntchitoyi. Mozart anayamba kupeka nyimbo. Ali ndi zaka 6, Wolfgang anaphunzira chida china choimbira. Nthawi imeneyi inali violin.
Mwa njira, Mozart sanapite kusukulu. Leopold anaphunzitsa ana ake kunyumba ali yekha. Anali ndi maphunziro abwino kwambiri. Wolfgang anali wabwino kwambiri pafupifupi pafupifupi sayansi yonse. Mnyamatayo anagwira zonse pa ntchentche. Anali ndi chikumbukiro chabwino kwambiri.
Mozart ndi nugget weniweni, chifukwa momwe angafotokozere mfundo yakuti ali ndi zaka 6 anapereka zoimbaimba payekha. Nthawi zina mlongo wake Nannerl anawonekera pa siteji ndi Wolfgang. Anayimba mokongola.
Achinyamata
Leopold Mozart anazindikira kuti masewero a ana amasangalatsa kwambiri omvera. Atalingalira pang’ono, anapita ndi ana ake ulendo wautali wodutsa ku Ulaya. Kumeneko, Wolfgang ndi Nannerl adayimba nyimbo zachikale kwambiri.
Banja silinabwerere nthawi yomweyo kudziko lawo lakale. Zochita za anawo zinadzutsa mkuntho wa malingaliro mwa omvera. Dzina la woimba ndi woimbayo linamveka ndi akuluakulu a ku Ulaya.
Pa gawo la Paris, katswiriyo adapanga sonatas zinayi zoyambirira. Zolembazo zidapangidwa kuti aziimba clavier ndi violin. Ali paulendo ku London, adaphunzira kuchokera kwa mwana wake wamng'ono, Bach. Adatsimikizira luso la Wolfgang ndikuti akuwonetsa tsogolo labwino kwa iye.
Paulendo wokangalika m’maiko a ku Ulaya, banja la Mozart linali lotopa kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, thanzi la ana ndi zisanachitike sizikanatchedwa amphamvu. Leopold anaganiza zobwerera kumudzi kwawo mu 1766.
Njira yolenga ya Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Bambo a Wolfgang adayesetsa kuti anthu ambiri adziwe luso la mwana wawo. Mwachitsanzo, ali wachinyamata, anamutumiza ku Italy. Anthu okhala m’derali anachita chidwi kwambiri ndi kayimbidwe kabwino ka mnyamatayo. Atapita ku Bologna, Wolfgang adatenga nawo mbali m'mipikisano yoyambirira ndi oimba otchuka. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ena mwa olembawo anali oyenera kwa makolo ake, koma nthawi zambiri Mozart ndi amene anapambana.
Luso la talente laling'ono lidachita chidwi kwambiri ndi Boden Academy kotero kuti Mozart adasankhidwa kukhala wophunzira. Icho chinali chisankho chachilendo. Kwenikweni, mutu uwu unakwaniritsidwa ndi olemba otchuka, omwe zaka zawo zidadutsa zaka 20.
Zopambana zambiri zidalimbikitsa Mozart. Anamva kuwonjezereka kodabwitsa kwa mphamvu ndi nyonga. Anakhala pansi kuti apange sonatas, operas, quartets ndi symphonies. Chaka chilichonse, osati Wolfgang wokhwima, komanso nyimbo zake. Anakhala olimba mtima kwambiri komanso okongola. Iye ankamvetsa bwino lomwe kuti ndi nyimbo zake ankaposa anthu amene ankawasirira kale. Posakhalitsa, wolemba nyimboyo anakumana ndi Joseph Haydn. Sanangokhala mphunzitsi wake, komanso bwenzi lapamtima.
Mozart anapeza ntchito yolipidwa kwambiri m’khoti la bishopu wamkulu. Bambo ake ankagwiranso ntchito kumeneko. Ntchito yapabwalo inali ikupita patsogolo. Wolfgang anasangalatsa anthu ndi nyimbo zokongola. Bishopuyo atamwalira, zinthu zinafika poipa kwambiri pabwalopo. Mu 1777, Leopold Mozart anapempha mwana wake kuti ayende kuzungulira Ulaya. Kwa Wolfgang, ulendowu unali wothandiza kwambiri.
Panthawi imeneyi, banja la Mozart linali ndi mavuto azachuma. Pamodzi ndi Wolfgang, amayi ake okha ndi omwe adatha kupita paulendo. Mozart kachiwiri anayamba kukonza zoimbaimba. Kalanga, iwo sanadutse ndi chisangalalo chachikulu chotero. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nyimbo za maestro sizinafanane ndi nyimbo za "standard" classical. Kuphatikiza apo, Mozart wamkuluyo sanachitenso chidwi ndi omvera mu moyo.
Anthu omverawo anavomereza mwaulemu woimbayo ndi woimbayo. Iyi sinali nkhani yomvetsa chisoni kwambiri. Ku Paris, akutopa kwambiri, amayi ake anamwalira. Maestro anakakamizikanso kubwerera ku Salzburg.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yolenga
Wolfgang Mozart, ngakhale kuti anali wanzeru ndi kuzindikira kwa anthu, anali mu umphawi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, sanakhutire ndi mmene bishopu watsopanoyo ankamuchitira. Mozart ankaona kuti talente yake inali yochepa. Iye ankadziwa kuti iye sanali kuchitidwa ngati woimba wolemekezeka, koma ngati wantchito.
Mu 1781 maestro adachoka ku nyumba yachifumu. Anaona kusamvana kwa achibale ake, koma sanasinthe maganizo ake. Posakhalitsa anasamukira ku Vienna. Mozart sankadziwa kuti ichi chikanakhala chisankho cholondola kwambiri pazaka zingapo zapitazi za moyo wake. Ndipo apa ndipamene adawululira kuthekera kwake kolenga kwambiri.
Posakhalitsa maestro anakumana ndi baron wotchuka Gottfried van Steven. Iye anakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nyimbo zomvetsa chisoni za wolemba nyimboyo ndipo anakhala mtumiki wake wokhulupirika. Zosonkhanitsa za baron zinaphatikizapo ntchito zosakhoza kufa za Bach ndi Handel.
Baron anapereka malangizo abwino kwa wolemba nyimboyo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Wolfgang adagwira ntchito mu kalembedwe ka Baroque. Izi zidapangitsa kuti zitheke kukulitsa nyimboyi ndi nyimbo zagolide. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, panthawiyi, adaphunzitsa nyimbo za Mfumukazi Elisabeth wa ku Württemberg.
Mu 1780, nthawi yafika yoti ntchito ya maestro ichuluke. Zosonkhanitsa zake zimawonjezeredwa ndi zisudzo: Ukwati wa Figaro, The Magic Flute, Don Giovanni. Ndiye iye anali mmodzi mwa anthu oimbidwa kwambiri ndi oimba. Makonsati ake anali olipidwa kwambiri. Chikwama chake chandalama chinali chitaphulika chifukwa cha chindapusa, ndipo moyo wake "unavina" polandilidwa mwachikondi ndi anthu.
Kutchuka kwa maestro kunachepa msanga. Posakhalitsa amene anakhulupirira luso la Mozart kuyambira pachiyambi anamwalira. Bambo ake anamwalira. Kenako mkazi wa maestro Constance Weber anapezeka ndi chilonda mwendo. Kuti apulumutse mkazi wake ku ululu wosaneneka, Mozart anawononga ndalama zambiri.
Udindo wa woimbayo unakula kwambiri pambuyo pa imfa ya Joseph II. Posakhalitsa malo a mfumu anatengedwa ndi Leopold II. Wolamulira watsopanoyo anali kutali ndi luso, makamaka nyimbo.
Tsatanetsatane wa moyo waumwini
Constance Weber ndi mkazi amene anakhalabe mu mtima wa wolemba wotchuka. Maestro anakumana ndi mtsikana wokongola m'dera la Vienna. Atafika mumzindawo, woimbayo anachita lendi nyumba ya banja la a Weber.
Mwa njira, bambo a Mozart anali kutsutsana ndi ukwati uwu. Ananena kuti Constantia amangofuna phindu mwa mwana wake. Mwambo waukwati unachitika mu 1782.
Mkazi wa wolembayo anali ndi pakati ka 6. Anatha kubereka ana awiri okha - Karl Thomas ndi Franz Haver Wolfgang.
Zosangalatsa za Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Wolemba waluso analemba nyimbo yake yoyamba ali ndi zaka 6.
- Mwana wamng'ono wa Mozart anakhala ku Lviv kwa zaka 30.
- Ku London, Wolfgang wamng'ono anali chinthu cha kafukufuku wa sayansi. Anazindikiridwa ngati mwana wodabwitsa.
- Wopeka nyimboyo wazaka 12 analemba nyimbo imene wolamulira wa Ufumu Woyera wa Roma analamula.
- Ali ndi zaka 28, adalowa m'nyumba ya Masonic ku Vienna.
Zaka zotsiriza za moyo
Mu 1790, thanzi la mkazi wa woimbayo analowanso kwambiri. Pofuna kukonza chuma chake, katswiriyu anakakamizika kuchita masewera angapo ku Frankfurt. Masewero a woimbayo adayenda modabwitsa, koma izi sizinapangitse chikwama cha Mozart cholemera.
Patatha chaka chimodzi, maestro adakhalanso ndi kutukuka kwina. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, Mozart anafalitsa nyimbo yotchedwa Symphony No.
Posakhalitsa wolemba nyimboyo anadwala kwambiri. Anali ndi malungo aakulu, kusanza ndi kuzizira. Anamwalira pa December 5, 1791. Madokotala anapeza kuti imfa inali chifukwa cha rheumatic inflammatory fever.
Malinga ndi malipoti ena, chifukwa cha imfa ya woimba wotchuka anali poizoni. Kwa nthawi yaitali, Antonio Salieri anaimbidwa mlandu wa imfa ya Mozart. Iye sanali wotchuka ngati Wolfgang. Ambiri ankakhulupirira kuti Salieri ankafuna kuti afe. Koma lingaliro ili silinatsimikizidwe mwalamulo.
