Anton Rubinstein adadziwika ngati woimba, wopeka komanso wochititsa chidwi. Anthu ammudzi ambiri sanazindikire ntchito ya Anton Grigorievich. Anatha kuthandiza kwambiri pakukula kwa nyimbo zachikale.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Anton anabadwa November 28, 1829 m'mudzi waung'ono wa Vykhvatynets. Anachokera m’banja la Ayuda. Anthu onse a m’banja lawo atatembenukira ku Orthodoxy, analandira mwayi wapadera wosamukira ku likulu la Russia. Mumzindawu, banjali linatsegulanso kabizinesi kakang'ono komwe kamapereka ndalama zambiri.
Mkulu wa banja anatsegula fakitale yaing’ono yopangira mapini ndi tinthu tating’ono. Ndipo amayi anali otanganidwa kulera ana.
Amayi a Anton Rubinstein ankaimba piyano mokongola. Ataona kuti mnyamatayo ankakonda kuimba chida choimbira, anaganiza zoyamba kuphunzira. Posakhalitsa analembetsa mwana wake maphunziro payekha nyimbo ndi mphunzitsi luso Alexander Ivanovich Villuan.
Little Rubinstein adawonetsa kuyimba kwa piyano kwabwino kwambiri. Kale mu 1839, Alexander analola wophunzira luso kulankhula poyera. Patapita chaka, Anton, mothandizidwa ndi mphunzitsi wake, anapita ku Ulaya. Kumeneko analankhula ndi zonona za anthu. Ndipo ngakhale anasonyeza luso loimba mu bwalo la oimba otchuka monga Franz Liszt ndi Frederic Chopin.
Patapita zaka 5, mnyamatayo mwachidule anabwerera kwawo. Atakhala kwa nthawi ndithu kunyumba, anapita ku Berlin. Kudziko lina, Anton Grigorievich anatenga maphunziro a nyimbo kuchokera kwa Theodor Kullak ndi Siegfried Dehn. Nthawi yonseyi, woimbayo amathandizidwa ndi amayi ake ndi mchimwene wake. Mayiyo sakanatha kutumiza mwana wake yekha kudziko lachilendo, chifukwa ankaona kuti Anton ndi munthu wodalira.
Patapita chaka, zinadziwika kuti mutu wa banja wamwalira. Amayi a Anton ndi mchimwene wake wamkulu anakakamizika kuchoka ku Berlin. Rubinstein anapita ku gawo la Austria. Ali kudziko lina, iye anapitiriza kukulitsa luso lake la kiyibodi.
Anton Grigorievich sanakonde kwambiri kumeneko. Kuonjezela apo, pa nthawi imeneyi, sanaphunzilepo kupeza zofunika pa moyo. Pazifukwa izi adakakamizika kuchoka ku Austria ndikupita kunyumba ya abambo ake. Posakhalitsa woimbayo anasamukira ku likulu la chikhalidwe cha Russia. Ku St. Petersburg, anayamba kuphunzitsa.
Ntchito ya maestro Anton Rubinstein
Woimbayo adadziwika nthawi yomweyo mu chikhalidwe cha St. Petersburg. Chowonadi ndi chakuti Rubinstein nthawi zambiri amalankhula ndi banja lachifumu ndi anthu ena otchuka. Chifukwa cha kutchuka kwake, Anton Grigorievich anakumana ndi mamembala a chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino cha "Mighty Handful".
Mothandizidwa ndi mayanjano, Rubinstein adayesa dzanja lake ngati wotsogolera. Mu 1852, iye anapereka opera "Wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy" kwa mafani a nyimbo zachikale. Opera inalandiridwa mwachikondi osati ndi omvera okha, komanso ndi otsutsa ovomerezeka a nyimbo.
Posakhalitsa, malo osungiramo nyimbo za maestro anawonjezeredwa ndi zisudzo zina zingapo zosafa. M'ntchito zoperekedwa, wolembayo adakhudza kwambiri mitu ndi nyimbo za anthu aku Russia. Kuphatikiza apo, adapereka ulemu kumayendedwe atsopano aku Western mu nyimbo.
Rubinstein ndiye anayesa kupanga maphunziro apadera. Anayesa kangapo kuti apange bungwe la maphunziro, koma zonse sizinaphule kanthu. Palibe amene anathandiza Anton, choncho anasiya mwamsanga.
Panthawiyo, ntchito za maestro sizinatchulidwe. Palibe aliyense mwa mabwalo owonetsera omwe analipo omwe adafuna kuti ayambe kupangidwa. Sanachitirenso mwina koma kuyesa luso lake lolemba kunja. Mothandizidwa ndi bwenzi lake Liszt kunja, iye anachita opera Siberia Hunters. Anachitanso konsati ya maola ambiri mumzinda wa Leipzig. Masewero a woimba wa ku Russia anachititsa chidwi kwambiri omvera. Pambuyo pake, anapita ku Ulaya.
Anayendera mayiko a ku Ulaya pafupifupi zaka zinayi. Mfundo yakuti omvera adapatsa Rubinstein kuyimirira adalimbikitsa woimbayo. Anayamba kugwira ntchito popanga zisudzo zatsopano modzipereka kwambiri.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Musical Society
Pokhala pachimake cha kutchuka kwake, adakwanitsa kunyengerera akuluakulu apamwamba kuti apereke ndalama zopangira gulu loimba. Lingaliro la gulu linali machitidwe mwadongosolo a symphony orchestra motsogozedwa ndi maestro.
Kenako anakonza makalasi ophunzitsa nyimbo. Oimba aluso analembetsedwa kumeneko, amene akanakulitsa luso lawo loimba zida zoimbira. Aliyense akanatha kulowa m’sukulu. Mkhalidwe unalibe kanthu.
Pamene chiwerengero cha ophunzira chinawonjezeka, Anton Grigoryevich anatsegula malo oyambirira osungiramo mabuku a ku Russia ku St. Rubinstein adatenga malo a director, conductor ndi mphunzitsi.
Mamembala a gulu la "Mighty Handful" sanavomereze nthawi yomweyo chikhumbo cha woimba kuti apange bungwe la maphunziro oimba. Koma posakhalitsa anathandiza m’bale wawoyo.
Pabwalo, lingaliro lopanga bungwe la maphunziro oimba lidalandiridwanso mwankhanza kwambiri. Anton Grigorievich atasemphana maganizo ndi munthu wapamwamba, anasiya udindo wa mkulu wa Conservatory. Mu 1887 anabwerera ndi kutsogolera Conservatory kwa zaka zotsatira. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, chaka chino, wojambula wotchuka wa ku Russia Repin anajambula Rubinstein panthawi yomwe ankakonda kwambiri.
Anton Grigoryevich ananena kuti, ngakhale kuchita kwambiri, woimba aliyense wodzilemekeza ayenera kusintha luso lake ndi chidziwitso. Iye sanalekere pamenepo, kupitiriza kulemba zisudzo, zachikondi ndi masewero. Kumayambiriro kwa 1870, katswiriyu adakondweretsa mafani a nyimbo zachikale ndi opera The Demon. Gwero lake linali ntchito ya Lermontov. Anakhala zaka zingapo ali standby. Rubinstein ankalota kuti opera yake idzawonetsedwa ku Mariinsky Theatre.
Pambuyo pa kuwonekera koyamba kugulu, otsutsa ambiri ndi owonera analibe chidwi ndi kupanga. Zisudzozi sizinasangalatse anthu. Pambuyo pa imfa ya maestro, pamene gawo lalikulu linachitidwa ndi Fedor Chaliapin, ntchitoyo inakhala yotchuka. M’zaka zingapo zotsatira, inachitikira m’maiko osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.
Zina mwa ntchito zotchuka za maestro ndi symphony "Ocean", oratorio "Christ" ndi "Shulamiti". Komanso ma operas: Nero, Maccabees ndi Feramor.
Tsatanetsatane wa moyo wa wolemba Anton Rubinstein
Anton Grigoryevich anali munthu wobisika, kotero pang'ono ankadziwika za moyo wake. Mfundo zake zazikulu zikugwirizana ndi Peterhof. Kumeneko anali ndi mwayi wokumana ndi mtsikana amene anakhala mkazi wake. Dzina la mkazi wa maestro anali Vera. Ana atatu adabadwa m'banjamo. Banja lina lalikulu linkakhala m’nyumba yabwino kwambiri, yomwe inali pafupi ndi St. Mkazi anatha kukhala osati mkazi wachikondi, komanso mnzake Anton Grigorievich. Adalimbikitsa akatswiri kuti alembe ntchito zanzeru.
Pansanjika yachiwiri ya nyumba yapamwambayi panali ofesi ya Anton Grigoryevich, yomwe idakongoletsedwanso momwe amakondera. Munali piyano, sofa yaing'ono komanso yabwino m'chipindamo. Makoma a phunzirolo anali okongoletsedwa ndi zithunzi za mabanja awo. Mu chipinda chino, Rubinstein analemba nyimbo "Kulira kwa Cicadas". Komanso ntchito zina zingapo zomwe zinadzazidwa ndi phokoso la chilengedwe.
Alendo otchuka nthawi zambiri ankabwera ku nyumba ya Rubinstein. Mkazi Anton Grigorievich anali mkazi wochereza kwambiri. Sanalole kuti mwamuna wake atope, kusonkhanitsa mabwenzi ake okondedwa a banja lolemekezeka m’nyumba mwake.
Zochititsa chidwi za wolemba Anton Rubinstein
- Wolemba nyimboyo ankadziwa kuti umphawi ndi njala n’chiyani. Atatchuka, sanaiwale kuthandiza anthu ovutika. Mu 1893, ku St.
- Paulendo waku North America, adachita makonsati opitilira 200.
- Polankhula ndi banja la mfumuyi, mphunzitsiyo anakwanitsa kusangalatsa aliyense wa m’banjamo. Nicholas Ndinkasilira kusewera mwaluso kwa master.
- Ntchito yoimba "Merchant Kalashnikov", yoyendetsedwa ndi Anton Grigoryevich, inaletsedwa kangapo mu Russian Federation.
- Anapatsidwa udindo wa Honorary Nzika ya Peterhof.
Zaka Zomaliza za Moyo wa Maestro Anton Rubinstein
Mu 1893, woimbayo anakumana ndi mantha amphamvu. Zoona zake n’zakuti ali ndi zaka 20, mwana wake womaliza anamwalira. Polimbana ndi kupsinjika kosalekeza, adagwidwa ndi chimfine. Panthawi imeneyi, thanzi la Rubinstein linalowa pansi kwambiri.
Patapita chaka, anayamba kugwira ntchito mwakhama. Katunduyu anakhudza kwambiri thupi lake. Madokotala analangiza maestro kuti aganizire za moyo. Rubinstein sanamvere aliyense.
Kumapeto kwa autumn Anton Grigorievich nthawi zonse mu mkhalidwe wosangalala. Vutoli linakula chifukwa cha kusowa tulo komanso kupweteka kwa mkono wakumanzere. Madzulo a November 19, woimbayo adakhala ndi anzake, ndipo adadwala usiku. Anadandaula kupuma movutikira. Rubinstein adagwira ntchito ndi mphamvu zake zonse, koma adadikirira kuti madotolo abwere.
Madokotala atafika, madokotala anayesa kuchita chilichonse kuti atulutse maestro kudziko lina. Koma chozizwitsacho sichinachitike. Anamwalira pa November 20, 1894. Chifukwa cha imfa chinali kudwala kwamtima koopsa.
