Wolemba komanso wochititsa chidwi Antonio Salieri adalemba ma opera opitilira 40 komanso nyimbo zambiri zoyimba ndi zida. Iye analemba nyimbo zoimbira m’zinenero zitatu.
Zinenezo zoti iye anali nawo pakupha Mozart zinakhala temberero lenileni kwa akatswiri. Iye sanavomereze kulakwa kwake ndipo anakhulupirira kuti ichi sichinali china koma kupangidwa kwa anthu ake ansanje. Ali m’chipatala cha anthu amisala, Antonio anadzitcha wakupha. Chilichonse chinachitika mu delirium, kotero olemba mbiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Salieri sanachite nawo kupha.
Ubwana ndi unyamata wa wolemba Antonio Salieri
Maestro anabadwa pa August 18, 1750 m'banja lalikulu la wamalonda wolemera. Ali wamng’ono, anasonyeza chidwi ndi nyimbo. Mlangizi woyamba wa Salieri anali mchimwene wake Francesco, yemwe adaphunzira maphunziro a nyimbo kuchokera kwa Giuseppe Tartini. Ali mwana, ankadziwa kuimba violin ndi organ.
Mu 1763, Antonio anasiyidwa mwana wamasiye. Mnyamatayo anali ndi nkhawa kwambiri ndi imfa ya makolo ake. Ulonda wa mnyamatayo unatengedwa ndi abwenzi apamtima a abambo ake - banja la Mocenigo ku Venice. Banja loleredwalo linali lolemera, kotero kuti anakhoza kulola Antonio kukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Banja la Mocenigo linathandizira maphunziro a nyimbo a Salieri.
Mu 1766, woyimba m'bwalo la Joseph II Florian Leopold Gassmann adakopa chidwi cha woimba wachinyamata waluso. Mwangozi adapita ku Venice ndipo adaganiza zopita naye ku Vienna.
Anali wotanganidwa ndi udindo wa woimba mkati mwa makoma a nyumba ya zisudzo. Gassman sanangochita nawo maphunziro a nyimbo a ward yake, komanso adachita nawo chitukuko chake chonse. Anthu amene anayenera kudziwana ndi Salieri ananena kuti ankadziona ngati munthu wanzeru kwambiri.
Gassman adabweretsa Antonio ku gulu lapamwamba. Anamuonetsa wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka Pietro Metastasio ndi Gluck. Mabwenzi atsopano adakulitsa chidziwitso cha Salieri, chifukwa adafika pamtunda wina pomanga ntchito yoimba.
Pambuyo pa imfa yosayembekezeka ya Gassmann, wophunzira wake anatenga malo a bwalo wopeka ndi bandmaster wa Italy Opera. Patangotha chaka chimodzi, anasankhidwa kukhala mtsogoleri wa gulu lankhondo. Ndiye udindo uwu unkaonedwa kuti ndi wapamwamba kwambiri komanso wolipidwa kwambiri pakati pa anthu olenga. Ku Ulaya, Salieri ankatchulidwa kuti ndi mmodzi mwa oimba komanso otsogolera aluso kwambiri.
Kulenga njira ya wopeka Antonio Salieri
Posakhalitsa, katswiriyo anapereka opera wanzeru "Akazi Ophunzitsidwa" kwa mafani a ntchito yake. Inachitikira ku Vienna mu 1770. Chilengedwecho chinalandiridwa mwachikondi ndi anthu. Salieri adatchuka kwambiri. Kulandira mwachikondi kunauzira woimbayo kuti apange zisudzo: Armida, Venetian Fair, The Stolen Tub, The Innkeeper.
Armida ndiye opera yoyamba yomwe Antonio adakwanitsa kuzindikira malingaliro akulu akusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito a Christoph Gluck. Anaona Salieri monga wolowa m’malo mwake ndipo anali ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu kwa iye.
Posakhalitsa maestro adalandira lamulo loti apange nyimbo zotsagana ndi kutsegulira kwa zisudzo za La Scala. Wopeka nyimboyo anamvera pempholo, ndipo posakhalitsa anapereka opera yotchedwa Recognized Europe. Chaka chotsatira, motsogoleredwa ndi zisudzo za Venetian, woimbayo anapereka imodzi mwa ntchito zabwino kwambiri. Tikulankhula za opera buffa "Sukulu ya Nsanje".
Mu 1776, zidadziwika kuti Joseph adatseka Opera ya ku Italy. Ndipo adatsata nyimbo ya ku Germany (Singspiel). Opera ya ku Italy idayambiranso patatha zaka 6.
Kwa Salieri, zaka izi zidazunzidwa. Maestro adayenera kuchoka ku "comfort zone". Koma panali ubwino mu izi - kulenga ntchito wopeka anapita kutali Vienna. Anathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa mtundu wotere monga singspiel. Panthawi imeneyi, Antonio analemba nyimbo yotchuka "The Chimney Sweep".
The Singspiel ndi mtundu wanyimbo komanso wochititsa chidwi womwe unafalikira ku Germany ndi ku Austria chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX komanso kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX.
Panthawi imeneyi, chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe chinali ndi chidwi ndi nyimbo za Gluck. Ankakhulupirira kuti Salieri anali wolowa nyumba woyenera. Gluck adalimbikitsa Antonio kuti aziyang'anira nyumba ya opera ya La Scala. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, adapatsa Salieri lamulo kuchokera ku French Royal Academy of Music kwa opera Danaides. Gluck poyamba ankayenera kulemba opera, koma chifukwa cha thanzi iye sakanakhoza kuchita izo. Mu 1784, Antonio anapereka ntchitoyo kwa anthu French, kukhala ankakonda Marie Antoinette.
kalembedwe ka nyimbo
A Danaids siwotengera Gluck. Salieri adatha kupanga nyimbo yake, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pazosiyana. Panthawiyo, symphony yachikale yokhala ndi nyimbo zofanana sizinkadziwika kwa anthu.
Mu opera yoperekedwa ndi ntchito zotsatirazi za Antonio Salieri, otsutsa zaluso adawona malingaliro omveka bwino a symphonic. Zinapanga zonse osati kuchokera ku zidutswa zambiri, koma kuchokera ku chitukuko cha chilengedwe cha zinthu.
Mu 1786, mu likulu la France, Maestro anayamba kulankhula ndi Beaumarchais. Adagawana ndi Salieri chidziwitso chake komanso luso lake. Chotsatira cha ubwenzi umenewu chinali opera ina wanzeru ndi Salieri. Tikukamba za ntchito yotchuka ya nyimbo "Tarar". Kuwonetsedwa kwa opera kunachitika ku Royal Academy of Music mu 1787. Chiwonetserocho chinayambitsa chipwirikiti. Antonio anali pachimake pa kutchuka.
Mu 1788, Mfumu Joseph inatumiza Kapellmeister Giuseppe Bonno ku mpumulo woyenerera. Antonio Salieri adatenga udindo wake. Yosefe ankakonda kwambiri ntchito ya woimbayo, choncho kusankhidwa kwake pa udindowu kunali kuyembekezera.
Joseph atamwalira, Leopold Wachiwiri adalowa m'malo mwake, ndipo adasunga gulu lonselo. Leopold sankakhulupirira aliyense ndipo ankakhulupirira kuti wazunguliridwa ndi anthu dummy. Izi zinasokoneza ntchito ya Salieri. Oimba sankaloledwa kukhala pafupi ndi mfumu yatsopanoyo. Posakhalitsa Leopold anachotsa ntchito mkulu wa bwalo la zisudzo, Count Rosenberg-Orsini. Salieri ankayembekezera kuti nayenso adzachita chimodzimodzi. Mfumuyo inamasula Antonio kokha ku ntchito ya wotsogolera gulu la zisudzo za ku Italy.
Pambuyo pa imfa ya Leopold, mpando wachifumu anatengedwa wolowa wake - Franz. Iye sankakondanso kwambiri nyimbo. Komabe ankafunikirabe ntchito za Antonio. Salieri adakhala ngati wotsogolera zikondwerero ndi tchuthi cha khothi.
Zaka Zomaliza za Maestro Antonio Salieri
Antonio ali wamng'ono adadzipereka yekha pakupanga. Mu 1804, iye anapereka nyimbo The Negroes, amene analandira ndemanga zoipa kwa otsutsa. Mtundu wa singspiel unalinso wabwino kwa anthu. Tsopano anali wotanganidwa kwambiri ndi zochitika zamagulu ndi maphunziro.
Kuyambira 1777 mpaka 1819 Salieri anali kondakitala wokhazikika. Ndipo kuyambira 1788 anakhala mutu wa Vienna Musical Society. Cholinga chachikulu cha gululi chinali kupanga ma concert achifundo kwa akazi amasiye ndi ana amasiye a oimba a Viennese. Makonsati amenewa anali odzala ndi kukoma mtima ndi chifundo. Oimba otchuka anakondweretsa omvera ndi nyimbo zatsopano. Kuonjezera apo, ntchito zosakhoza kufa za omwe adatsogolera Salieri nthawi zambiri zinkamveka pazochitika zachifundo.
Antonio adagwira nawo ntchito mu zomwe zimatchedwa "masukulu". Masewero oterowo anali operekedwa kwa woimba mmodzi. Antonio anatenga gawo mu "Academy" monga kulinganiza ndi kondakitala.
Kuyambira 1813, Maestro anali membala wa komiti ya bungwe la Vienna Conservatory. Patapita zaka zinayi, iye anatsogolera gulu loimira.
Zaka zomalizira za moyo wa wolemba nyimboyo zinali zodzaza ndi zochitika ndi kuvutika maganizo. Zoona zake n’zakuti anaimbidwa mlandu wopha Mozart. Anakana kulakwa kwake ndipo ananena kuti sanagwirizane ndi imfa ya wolemba nyimbo wotchuka. Salieri adafunsa wophunzira wake Ignaz Moscheles kuti atsimikizire dziko lonse kuti alibe mlandu.
Zinthu zinafika poipa kwambiri Antonio atafuna kudzipha. Anapita naye kuchipatala. Zinanenedwa kuti m'chipatala adavomereza mwachidwi kupha Mozart. Mphekesera izi si zopeka, zidajambulidwa m'mabuku a Beethoven a 1823-1824.
Masiku ano, akatswiri amakayikira kuzindikira kwa Salieri ndi kudalirika kwa chidziwitso. Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wina waperekedwa kuti malingaliro a Antonio sanali abwino kwambiri. Mwachionekere, sikunali kuvomereza, koma kudziimba mlandu chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa thanzi la maganizo.
Tsatanetsatane wa moyo waumwini wa maestro
Moyo waumwini wa maestro wakula bwino. Anamanga mfundo ndi Theresia von Helferstorfer. Banjali linakwatirana mu 1775. Mkaziyo anabala ana 8.
Mkazi Salieri anakhala osati mkazi wokondedwa, komanso bwenzi lapamtima ndi nyumba zakale. Iye anapembedza Thearesia. Antonio anasiya ana ake anayi ndi mkazi wake. Kutaika kwaumwini kunakhudza mkhalidwe wake wamaganizo.
Zosangalatsa za Antonio Salieri
- Iye ankakonda maswiti ndi zinthu za ufa. Antonio adasungabe ubwana wake mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake. Mwina n’chifukwa chake palibe amene akanakhulupirira kuti akhoza kupha munthu.
- Chifukwa cha khama komanso zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku, maestro anali opindulitsa.
- Iwo ananena kuti Salieri anali ndi nsanje. Anathandiza achinyamata komanso aluso kukulitsa chidziwitso chawo ndikupeza maudindo abwino.
- Anathera nthawi yochuluka ku zachifundo.
- Pambuyo Pushkin analemba ntchito "Mozart ndi Salieri", dziko linayamba kuimba Antonio za kupha ndi chidaliro kwambiri.
Imfa ya Wopeka
Maestro otchuka adamwalira pa Meyi 7, 1825. Malirowo adachitika pa Meyi 10 ku Matzleindorf Catholic Cemetery ku Vienna. Mu 1874, mabwinja a wolembayo adayikidwanso ku Vienna Central Cemetery.
