Carl Orff adadziwika ngati wopeka nyimbo komanso woyimba wanzeru. Anatha kulemba ntchito zosavuta kumva, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, nyimbozo zinakhalabe zapamwamba komanso zoyambirira. "Carmina Burana" ndi ntchito yotchuka kwambiri ya maestro. Karl analimbikitsa kugwirizana kwa zisudzo ndi nyimbo.
Anakhala wotchuka osati monga wopeka waluntha, komanso monga mphunzitsi. Anapanga njira yakeyake yophunzitsira, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pakusintha.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Iye anabadwira m'dera la Munich zokongola, July 10, 1895. Mwazi wachiyuda umayenda m'mitsempha ya maestro. Anali ndi mwayi wokulira m'banja lanzeru kwambiri.
Orffs sanali osasamala ndi luso. Nthawi zambiri nyimbo zinkaimbidwa m’nyumba mwawo. Mtsogoleri wa banja anali ndi zida zingapo zoimbira. N’zoona kuti ankauza anawo zimene ankadziwa. Mayi nayenso anakulitsa luso la kulenga mwa ana - anali munthu wosunthika.
Carl ankakonda nyimbo kuyambira ali wamng'ono. Anaphunzira kuimba kwa zida zosiyanasiyana zoimbira. Ali ndi zaka 4, adayamba kupita kuwonetsero m'bwalo la zidole. Chochitika chimenechi chidzalembedwa m’chikumbukiro chake kwa zaka zambiri.
Piyano ndiye chida choyamba chomwe chidagonjera talente yachinyamata. Anali wodziwa bwino nyimbo popanda khama, koma koposa zonse ankakonda kupititsa patsogolo.
Atapita kumalo ochitirako masewera olimbitsa thupi, anaphonyadi maphunziro. Chifukwa cha zoyesayesa za amayi ake, Karl panthaŵiyo anali wokhoza kuŵerenga ndi kulemba. M’maphunziro ankadzisangalatsa polemba ndakatulo zazifupi.
Chidwi cha zidole chinakula. Anayamba kuchita zisudzo kunyumba. Karl nayenso anakopa mlongo wake wamng’ono kuchita zimenezi. Orff adalemba pawokha zolemba ndi nyimbo zotsatizana nazo.
Ali wachinyamata, adayendera nyumba ya zisudzo koyamba. Kudziwa opera anayamba ndi yobereka "The Flying Dutchman" ndi Richard Wagner. Sewerolo linamukhudza kwambiri. Pomalizira pake anasiya maphunziro ake, ndipo anathera nthaŵi yake yonse akuimba chida chomwe ankachikonda kwambiri.
Posakhalitsa anaganiza zochoka kumalo ochitirako masewera olimbitsa thupi. Pamene anatembenukira kwa makolo ake kaamba ka uphungu, atate ndi amayi ake anachirikiza mwana wake pa chosankha chofunika chimenechi. Anali kukonzekera kulowa Academy of Music. Mu 1912, Karl analembetsa kusukulu ya zamaphunziro.
Njira yopangira maestro Carl Orff
Anakhumudwa ndi pulogalamu ya sukulu ya nyimbo. Ndiye iye ankafuna kusamukira ku Paris, chifukwa anali wodzala ndi ntchito za Debussy. Makolowo atazindikira kuti Karl akufuna kuchoka m’dzikolo, anayesa kulepheretsa mwana wawo kusankha zochita. Mu 1914, anamaliza maphunziro ake ku Academy, ndipo pambuyo pake anatenga udindo wa woperekeza pa nyumba ya zisudzo. Anapitiliza kutenga maphunziro a nyimbo kuchokera kwa Zilcher.
Patapita zaka zingapo anapita kukagwira ntchito ku Kammerspiel Theatre. Woimbayo ankakonda udindo watsopano, koma Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse posakhalitsa inayamba, ndipo mnyamatayo anasonkhana. Atalandira bala lalikulu, Karl anabwezedwa kumbuyo. Analowa nawo ku Mannheim Theatre ndipo posakhalitsa anasamukira ku Munich.
Anayamba kuchita chidwi ndi maphunziro a pedagogy. Posakhalitsa, Karl anayamba kuphunzitsa, koma patapita kanthawi anasiya kalasi imeneyi. Mu 1923, iye anatsegula Günterschule kuvina ndi nyimbo sukulu.
Mfundo ya Karl Orff inali ndi kaphatikizidwe ka mayendedwe, nyimbo ndi mawu. Njira yake "Music for Children" inamangidwa pa mfundo yakuti luso la kulenga la mwana likhoza kuwululidwa mwa kukonzanso. Izi sizikugwira ntchito pa nyimbo zokha, komanso kulemba, choreography, ndi zojambulajambula.
Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, kuphunzitsa kunazimiririka kumbuyo. Anayambanso kulemba ntchito zoimbira. Nthawi imeneyi inachitika kuyamba wa opera Carmina Burana. "Nyimbo za Boyer" - inakhala maziko a nyimbo. Anthu a m’nthaŵi ya Orff analandira ntchitoyo mosangalala.
Carmina Burana ndiye gawo loyamba la trilogy, ndipo Catulli Carmina ndi Trionfo di Afrodite ndi otsatira. Wolembayo ananena izi ponena za ntchito yake:
"Ichi ndi mgwirizano wa mzimu waumunthu, momwe mgwirizano pakati pa thupi ndi mzimu umasungidwa bwino."
Kutchuka kwa Carl Orff
Dzuwa litalowa m’zaka za m’ma 30, Carmina Burana anaonetsedwa koyamba m’bwalo la zisudzo. Anazi, amene panthaŵiyo anali atayamba kulamulira, anayamikira ntchitoyo. Goebbels ndi Hitler anali pa mndandanda wa omwe ankakonda ntchito ya Orff.
Pakutchuka kwake, adayamba kulemba nyimbo zatsopano. Posakhalitsa adapereka kwa anthu opera O Fortuna, yomwe imadziwika lero ngakhale kwa iwo omwe ali kutali kwambiri ndi luso.
Kutchuka ndi ulamuliro wa maestro unakula kwambiri tsiku lililonse. Anapatsidwa udindo wolemba nyimbo zotsagana ndi zisudzo za A Midsummer Night's Dream. Panthawiyo, ntchito ya Mendelssohn ku Germany inali yoletsedwa, choncho Carl anayamba kugwira ntchito mwakhama ndi otsogolera. Wolemba nyimboyo sanakhutire ndi ntchito imene anagwira. Anakonza zoyimba nyimbo mpaka m'ma 60s.
Mizu yachiyuda sinamulepheretse kukhala paubwenzi wabwino ndi olamulira. Kumapeto kwa nkhondoyi, Karl adasankhidwa kukhala pagulu chifukwa chothandizira Adolf Hitler. Komabe, vutolo linalambalala katswiri wanyimbo.
"Comedy kumapeto kwa nthawi" akuphatikizidwa mu mndandanda wa ntchito zomaliza za mbuye. Ntchitoyi inalembedwa m'chaka cha 73 cha zaka zapitazo. Zolembazo zimamveka m'mafilimu akuti "Desolate Lands" ndi "Chikondi Choona".
Tsatanetsatane wa moyo wa wolemba
Anasangalala ndi chidwi cha kugonana kwabwino. M'moyo wake, zibwenzi zosakhalitsa zimachitika nthawi zambiri. Karl anaganiza zodzilemetsa ndi zomangira zaukwati ali ndi zaka 25.
Woimba wa Opera Alice Zolscher anatha kugonjetsa woimbayo osati ndi mawu ake amatsenga, komanso ndi kukongola kwake. Muukwati uwu, banjali linali ndi mwana wamkazi. Mwana wamkazi yemwe Alice adabala Orfu adakhala yekha wolowa m'malo mwa Charles.
Zinali zovuta kuti Alice azikhala pansi pa denga limodzi ndi Carl. Maganizo ake amasintha nthawi zambiri. Kumapeto kwa moyo wawo pamodzi, panalibe dontho lotsala la chikondi cha anthu awiri olenga. Anaganiza zochoka.
Gertrude Willert - anakhala mkazi wachiwiri wovomerezeka wa munthu wotchuka. Anali wamng'ono kwa zaka 19 kwa mwamuna wake. Poyamba, zinkawoneka kuti kusiyana kwa msinkhu sikungasokoneze okwatirana kumene, koma pamapeto pake, Gertrude sakanatha kupirira - adasudzulana. Pambuyo pake, mkaziyo adzaimba mlandu Karl kuti ndi wokonda mikangano ndi wodzikonda. Gertrude nayenso anadzudzula mwamuna wake wakale wa kusakhulupirika kosalekeza. Analankhula za momwe adamugwirira mobwerezabwereza akunyenga ndi ojambula achinyamata.
Cha m'ma 50, wolemba Louise Rinser anakhala mkazi wake. Kalanga, ukwati uwu sanabweretse Orph chimwemwe mu moyo wake. Mkaziyo sanalole kuperekedwa kwa mwamunayo ndipo anasudzulana yekha.
Pamene Karl anali ndi zaka zoposa 60, anakwatira Liselotte Schmitz. Anagwira ntchito ngati mlembi wa Orff, koma posakhalitsa ubale wogwira ntchito unasanduka chikondi. Anali wamng'ono kwambiri kuposa Carl. Liselotte - anakhala mkazi wotsiriza wa maestro. Mayiyo adapanga Orff Foundation ndikuwongolera bungwe mpaka 2012.
Imfa ya wolemba Carl Orff
M’zaka zomalizira za moyo wake, analimbana ndi khansa. Atakula, madokotala adapeza kuti Karl ali ndi matenda okhumudwitsa - khansa ya pancreatic. Nthenda imeneyi inachititsa kuti afe. Anamwalira pa Marichi 29, 1982. Malinga ndi chifunirocho, thupi la maestro lidatenthedwa.
