Duke Ellington ndi munthu wachipembedzo wazaka za zana la XNUMX. Wopeka nyimbo za jazi, wolinganiza komanso woyimba piyano adapatsa dziko lanyimbo nyimbo zambiri zosakhoza kufa.
Ellington anali wotsimikiza kuti nyimbo ndi zomwe zimathandiza kusokoneza chipwirikiti ndi maganizo oipa. Nyimbo zachisangalalo, makamaka jazi, zimathandizira kuti munthu azisangalala. N'zosadabwitsa kuti nyimbo za Duke Ellington zikadali zotchuka lero.
Ubwana ndi unyamata wa Edward Kennedy
Edward Kennedy (dzina lenileni la woimba) anabadwa mu mtima wa United States of America - Washington. Chochitika ichi chinachitika pa April 29, 1899. Edward anali ndi mwayi chifukwa adabadwira m'banja la woperekera chikho ku White House James Edward Ellington ndi mkazi wake Daisy Kennedy Ellington. Chifukwa cha udindo wa abambo ake, mnyamatayo anakulira m'banja lolemera. Anali otetezedwa ku mavuto onse amene anthu akuda ankakumana nawo masiku amenewo.
Ali mwana, mayi ankalimbikitsa mwana wake. Anamuphunzitsa kuimba kiyibodi, zomwe zinathandiza Edward kuti azikonda nyimbo. Ali ndi zaka 9, Kennedy Jr. anayamba kuphunzira ndi wophunzira wina.
Posakhalitsa munthuyo anayamba kulemba ntchito zake. Mu 1914 analemba nyimbo Soda Fontaine Rag. Ngakhale pamenepo zinali zotheka kuzindikira kuti nyimbo zovina si zachilendo kwa Edward.
Kenako anali ndi sukulu yophunzitsa zaluso zaluso. Edward ankakumbukira nthawi imeneyi - ankakonda chikhalidwe kulenga m'kalasi. Atamaliza maphunziro ake, adapeza ntchito yojambula zithunzi.
Ntchito yoyamba inabweretsa mnyamatayo ndalama zabwino, koma chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti ankakonda kwambiri njira yopangira zikwangwani. Edward Kennedy nthawi zonse ankadaliridwa ndi malamulo ochokera ku boma. Koma posakhalitsa anazindikira kuti nyimbo zimamusangalatsa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kuganizira kwambiri, Edward anasiya luso, ngakhale kukana udindo pa Pratt Institute.
Kuyambira 1917, Edward adalowa mu dziko la nyimbo. Kennedy ankapeza ndalama posewera piyano pamene ankaphunzira luso la akatswiri oimba a m’mizinda ikuluikulu.
Njira yolenga ya Duke Ellington
Kale mu 1919, Edward adalenga gulu lake loyamba loimba. Kuwonjezera pa Kennedy, gulu latsopanoli linaphatikizapo:
- saxophonist Otto Hardwick;
- woyimba ng'oma Sonny Greer;
- Arthur Watsol.
Posakhalitsa mwayi adamwetulira oimba achichepere. Kuchita kwawo kunamveka ndi mwiniwake wa bar ku New York, yemwe anabwera ku likulu la bizinesi. Anadabwa kwambiri ndi momwe gululi linachitira. Pambuyo pa konsati, mwiniwake wa bar adapereka anyamatawo kuti asayine mgwirizano. Mfundo za mgwirizanowu zidati oimbawo aziimba ku bar kuti azilipira ndalama zina. Gulu la Kennedy linavomera. Posakhalitsa iwo anali kuchita mwamphamvu zonse ku Barron's ngati quartet ya Washingtonians.
Pomaliza, tinayamba kukambirana za oimba. Tsopano popeza omvera a gululi achuluka, ayambanso kuyimba malo ena. Mwachitsanzo, gulu nthawi zambiri ankabwera "Hollywood Club", yomwe ili mu Times Square. Pafupifupi ndalama zonse zomwe Kennedy anawononga pa maphunziro. Anatenga maphunziro a piyano kuchokera kwa akatswiri oimba nyimbo.
Kusintha kwa ntchito yanga
Kupambana kwa quartet kunalola oimba kukumana ndi anthu otchuka. Chikwama cha Kennedy chinali chodzaza ndi mabilu. Tsopano woimba wachinyamatayo adavala mowoneka bwino komanso mowoneka bwino. Mamembala a gululo adamupatsa dzina loti "Duke" (lotanthauziridwa kuti "Duke").
Cha m’ma 1920, Edward anakumana ndi Irwin Mills. Patapita nthawi, anakhala bwana wa woimbayo. Anali Irwin yemwe adanena kuti Kennedy asinthe njira yake yolenga ndikutenga pseudonym yolenga. Kuphatikiza apo, Mills adalangiza Edward kuti aiwale za dzina la "Washingtonians" ndikuyimba pansi pa dzina lakuti "Duke Ellington ndi Orchestra Yake".
Mu 1927, Kennedy ndi gulu lake anasamukira ku New York's Cotton Club jazz club. Nthawi imeneyi imadziwika ndi kulimbikira pa repertoire ya gululo. Posakhalitsa oimba adatulutsa nyimbo za Creole Love Call, Blackand Tan Fantasy ndi The Mooche.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1920, Duke Ellington ndi Orchestra Yake adayimba ku Florenz Ziegfeld Musical Theatre. Kenako nyimbo zachipembedzo za Mood Indigo zidajambulidwa ku studio ya RCA Records. Nyimbo zina za gululi nthawi zambiri zinkamveka pawailesi m’dzikolo.
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, gululi linapita paulendo woyamba wa Ellington Jazz Ensemble. Mu 1932, Duke ndi gulu lake anachita ku Columbia University.
Peak of Kutchuka kwa Duke Ellington
Otsutsa nyimbo amaona kuti koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1930 ndi pachimake pa ntchito ya nyimbo ya Duke Ellington. Inali nthawi imeneyi pomwe woyimbayo adatulutsa nyimbo za I don't Mean a Thing ndi Star-Crossed Lovers.
Otsutsa amanena kuti Duke Ellington anakhala "bambo" wa mtundu wa swing, akulemba nyimbo za Stormy Weather ndi Sophisticated Lady mu 1933. Kennedy adatha kupanga phokoso lapadera, podziwa makhalidwe a oimba. Duke makamaka anasankha saxophonist Johnny Hodges, lipenga Frank Jenkins, ndi trombonist Juan Tizol.
M'chaka chomwecho cha 1933, Duke ndi gulu lake anapita ulendo wawo woyamba ku Ulaya. Chinali chochitika chosaiŵalika m’moyo wa oimba. Gululo lidachita ku holo yotchuka ya London "Palladium".
Pambuyo pa ulendo wa ku Ulaya, oimba sakanapumula. Mfundo yakuti analandiridwa pafupifupi m’mayiko onse a ku Ulaya inalimbikitsa kupitiriza ulendowu.
Panthaŵiyi anaimba ku South ndipo kenako North America. Kumapeto kwa ulendo, Ellington anapereka njanji, amene anakhala kugunda yomweyo. Tikukamba za nyimbo za Caravan. Nyimboyi itatulutsidwa, Duke adakhala wolemba nyimbo waku America.
Mavuto achilengedwe
Posakhalitsa, Duke anakumana ndi tsoka. Zoona zake n’zakuti mu 1935 amayi ake anamwalira. Woimbayo adakhumudwa kwambiri ndi imfa ya munthu wapafupi kwambiri. Iye anali wovutika maganizo. "Nthawi" ya zomwe zimatchedwa zovuta zopanga zafika.
Nyimbo zokha ndi zomwe zingapangitse Kennedy kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino. Woimbayo adalemba nyimbo ya Reminisсing mu Tempo, yomwe inali yosiyana kwambiri ndi zonse zomwe adalemba kale.
Mu 1936, Duke adalemba koyamba nyimbo za kanema. Adalemba nyimbo ya filimuyo motsogozedwa ndi Sam Wood komanso ochita zisudzo a Marx Brothers. Patapita zaka zingapo, anagwira ntchito yaganyu monga wotsogolera wa Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra, yomwe inkaimba ku St. Regis Hotel.
Mu 1939, oimba atsopano adalowa m'gulu la Duke Ellington. Tikukamba za tenor saxophonist Ben Webster ndi awiri bassist Jimm Blanton. Kubwera kwa oimba kunangowonjezera phokoso la nyimbo. Izi zidalimbikitsa a Duke kupita kuulendo wina waku Europe. Posakhalitsa, talente ndi nyimbo za Kennedy zinadziwika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri. Khama la Duke linayamikiridwa ndi Leopold Stokowski ndi wolemba nyimbo wa ku Russia Igor Stravinsky.
Zochita za Duke Ellington panthawi yankhondo
Ndiye woimbayo analemba nyimbo za filimuyo "Cabin in the Clouds". Mu 1942, Duke Ellington anasonkhanitsa holo yonse ku Carnegie Hall. Anapereka ndalama zonse zomwe adapeza kuchokera ku ntchitoyi kuti athandize USSR pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse.
Pamene Nkhondo Yadziko II inatha, chidwi cha anthu pa nyimbo, makamaka jazz, chinayamba kuchepa. Anthu anali ozama m’kupsinjika maganizo, ndipo, ndithudi, chinthu chokhacho chimene chinawadetsa nkhaŵa chinali mkhalidwe wawo wandalama.
Duke ndi gulu lake akhala akuyandama kwakanthawi. Komano chuma cha Kennedy chinakula kwambiri, ndipo sanathe kulipira malipiro a oimba. Gululo linasiya kukhalapo. Ellington adapeza ndalama zowonjezera. Iye anayamba kulemba nyimbo mafilimu.
Komabe, woimbayo sanataye mtima kuti abwereranso ku jazz. Ndipo adachita mu 1956, modabwitsa komanso modabwitsa. Woimbayo adachita nawo chikondwerero chamtundu ku Newport. Mothandizidwa ndi William Strayhorn ndi oimba atsopano, Ellington anasangalatsa okonda nyimbo ndi nyimbo monga Lady Mac ndi Half the Fun. Chochititsa chidwi n’chakuti, nyimbozo zinazikidwa pa ntchito za Shakespeare.
Koma zaka za m'ma 1960 zinatsegula mpweya watsopano kwa woimbayo. Nthawi imeneyi inali pachimake chachiwiri cha kutchuka mu ntchito ya Duke. Woimbayo adapatsidwa mphoto 11 za Grammy motsatizana.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, Ellington anapatsidwa Order of Freedom. Mphothoyi idaperekedwa kwa woyimba ndi Purezidenti wa United States of America, Richard Nixon. Patatha zaka zitatu, Duke adapatsidwa mphotho ndi Purezidenti watsopano wa US, Lyndon Johnson.
Duke Ellington: moyo
Duke anakwatiwa ali ndi zaka 19. Mkazi woyamba wa woimbayo anali Edna Thompson. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti Ellington anakhala m'banja ndi mkazi uyu mpaka mapeto a masiku ake. Banjali linali ndi mwana wamwamuna, Mercer, yemwe anabadwa mu 1919.
Imfa ya Duke Ellington
Woimbayo sanamve bwino pamene ankagwira ntchito yoimba nyimbo ya Mind Exchange. Zizindikiro zoyamba sizinamuvutitse Duke.
Mu 1973, anthu otchuka adazindikira zokhumudwitsa - khansa ya m'mapapo. Patapita chaka chimodzi, Duke anadwala chibayo, ndipo matenda ake anakula kwambiri.
Pa May 24, 1974, Duke Ellington anamwalira. Woimba wotchuka anaikidwa m'manda patatha masiku atatu ku manda akale kwambiri ku New York, Woodlawn, ku Bronx.
Jazzman adamwalira atamwalira Mphotho ya Pulitzer. Mu 1976, Center yomwe idatchulidwa pambuyo pake idakhazikitsidwa. M'chipindamo mumatha kuona zithunzi zambiri za woimbayo.
