Grover Washington Jr. ndi saxophonist waku America yemwe anali wotchuka kwambiri mu 1967-1999. Malinga ndi Robert Palmer (wa magazini ya Rolling Stone), woimbayo adatha kukhala "saxophonist wodziwika kwambiri yemwe amagwira ntchito mumtundu wa jazz fusion."
Ngakhale otsutsa ambiri adatsutsa Washington kuti ndi yamalonda, omvera ankakonda nyimbozo chifukwa cha malingaliro awo otonthoza ndi aubusa ndi kukhudza kwa funk wakutawuni.
Grover wakhala akudzizungulira ndi oimba aluso, omwe adatulutsa ma Albums ndi nyimbo zabwino. Kugwirizana Kosaiwalika Kwambiri: Awiri Afe (Ndi Bill Withers), A Sacred Kind of Love (ndi Phyllis Hyman), The Best Is Yet to Come (ndi Patti LaBelle). Nyimbo za solo zinalinso zotchuka kwambiri: Winelight, Mister Magic, Inner City Blues, etc.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata Grover Washington Jr.
Grover Washington adabadwa pa Disembala 12, 1943 ku Buffalo, New York pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse. Aliyense m’banja lake anali woimba: amayi ake ankaimba kwaya ya tchalitchi; m'bale ankagwira ntchito mu kwaya ya mpingo ngati woimba; bambo anga ankaimba tenor saxophone mwaukadaulo. Potengera chitsanzo kwa makolo awo, woimbayo ndi mng'ono wake anayamba kuphunzira nyimbo. Grover anaganiza zotsatira mapazi a abambo ake ndipo anatenga saxophone. M’baleyo anayamba kufuna kuimba ng’omazo ndipo kenako anakhala katswiri woimba ng’oma.
M'buku la Jazz-Rock Fusion (Julian Coryell ndi Laura Friedman) pali mzere umene saxophonist amakumbukira za ubwana wake:
“Ndinayamba kuimba zida zoimbira ndili ndi zaka pafupifupi 10. Chikondi changa choyamba mosakayikira chinali nyimbo zachikale… Phunziro langa loyamba linali saxophone, kenako ndinayesa piyano, ng’oma ndi bass.”
Washington adapita ku Wurlitzer School of Music. Grover ankakonda kwambiri zida zoimbira. Chifukwa chake, adapereka pafupifupi nthawi yake yonse yaulere kwa iwo kuti aphunzire kusewera pamlingo woyambira.
Saxophone yoyamba inaperekedwa ndi abambo ake pamene woimbayo anali ndi zaka 10. Kale pa zaka 12, Washington anayamba kuchita nawo kwambiri kuimba saxophone. Nthaŵi zina madzulo ankathaŵa kwawo n’kupita kumakalabu kukawona oimba otchuka a blues ku Buffalo. Komanso, mnyamata ankakonda mpira. Komabe, chifukwa chakuti kutalika kwake sikunali kokwanira kwa masewerawa, adaganiza zogwirizanitsa moyo wake ndi nyimbo.
Poyamba, Grover ankaimba pa zoimbaimba kusukulu ndipo kwa zaka ziwiri anali baritone saxophonist mu oimba pasukulu ya mzinda. Nthawi ndi nthawi, adaphunzira nyimbo ndi woimba wotchuka wa Buffalo Elvis Shepard. Washington anamaliza maphunziro a kusekondale ali ndi zaka 16 ndipo adaganiza zochoka kwawo ku Columbus, Ohio. Kumeneko adalowa nawo a Four Clefs, omwe adayamba ntchito yake yoimba.
Kodi ntchito ya Grover Washington Jr. idakula bwanji?
Grover adayendera maiko ndi Four Clefs, koma gululo linatha mu 1963. Kwa nthawi, woimbayo ankaimba mu gulu Mark III Trio. Chifukwa chakuti Washington sanali kuphunzira kulikonse, mu 1965 analandira summons ku US Army. Kumeneko ankaimba m’gulu la oimba a msilikaliyo. Munthawi yake yopuma, adachita ku Philadelphia, akugwira ntchito ndi magulu atatu a organ ndi magulu a rock. Mu gulu lankhondo, woyimba saxophonist anakumana ndi woyimba ng'oma Billy Cobham. Pambuyo pa msonkhanowo, adamuthandiza kukhala gawo la malo oimba ku New York.
Zinthu za Washington zidayenda bwino - adachita m'magulu osiyanasiyana oimba, kuphatikiza Charles Erland, adalemba nyimbo zolumikizana ndi oimba otchuka (Melvin Sparks, Johnny Hammond, etc.). Chimbale choyambirira cha Grover Inner City Blues chinatulutsidwa mu 1971 ndipo chinakhala chotchuka kwambiri. Zojambulirazi poyamba zimayenera kukhala za Hank Crawford. Wopanga zamalonda Creed Taylor adamukonzera nyimbo za pop-funk. Komabe, woimbayo anamangidwa, ndipo sanathe kuziimba. Kenako Taylor adayitana Grover kuti alembe ndikutulutsa mbiri pansi pa dzina lake.
Washington kamodzi adavomereza kwa ofunsa mafunso, "Kupuma kwanga kwakukulu kunali mwayi wakhungu." Komabe, adakondwera kwambiri chifukwa cha album ya Mister Magic. Atamasulidwa, saxophonist anayamba kuitanidwa ku zochitika zabwino kwambiri za dziko, adasewera ndi oimba a jazi. Mu 1980, woimbayo anatulutsa mbiri yake yachipembedzo, yomwe adalandira mphoto ziwiri za Grammy. Komanso, Grover adalandira udindo wa "Best Instrumental Performer".
Pa moyo wake, wosewera akhoza kumasula Albums 2-3 m'chaka chimodzi. Pokhapokha pakati pa 1980 ndi 1999 Zolemba 10 zatulutsidwa. Zabwino kwambiri, malinga ndi otsutsa, zinali ntchito ya Soulful Strut (1996). Leo Stanley adalemba za iye, "Maluso opangira zida za Washington adadutsanso mwanzeru, ndikupanga Soulful Strut mbiri yabwino kwa onse okonda jazi." Pambuyo pa imfa ya wojambula mu 2000, anzake anatulutsa Album Aria.
Mtundu wanyimbo wa Grover Washington Jr.
Katswiri wotchuka wa saxophonist anapanga nyimbo yotchedwa "jazz-pop" ("jazz-rock-fusion"). Zimapangidwa ndi kusintha kwa jazi kwa bouncy kapena rock beat. Nthawi zambiri Washington idakhudzidwa ndi ojambula a jazi monga John Coltrane, Joe Henderson ndi Oliver Nelson. Komabe, mkazi wa Grover adatha kumusangalatsa mu nyimbo za pop.
"Ndinamulangiza kuti azimvetsera nyimbo zambiri za pop," Christina anauza magazini ya Rolling Stone. "Cholinga chake chinali kusewera jazz, koma adayamba kumvetsera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo nthawi ina adandiuza kuti amangofuna kusewera zomwe amamva popanda kuzilemba." Washington anasiya kudziletsa ku zikhulupiriro ndi miyambo iliyonse, anayamba kuimba nyimbo zamakono, "popanda kudandaula za masitayelo ndi masukulu."
Otsutsa anali osagwirizana ndi nyimbo za Washington. Ena anayamikira, ena ankaganiza. Kudandaula kwakukulu kunapangidwa motsutsana ndi malonda a nyimbozo. Powunikiranso chimbale chake cha Skylarkin (1979), Frank John Hadley adati "ngati oimba nyimbo za jazi aja adakwera paudindo wachifumu, Grover Washington Jr. akanakhala mbuye wawo."
Moyo wamunthu wa Artist
Ali ku imodzi mwamakonsati ake akunja, Grover anakumana ndi mkazi wake wam'tsogolo Christina. Panthaŵiyo, anali kugwira ntchito monga wothandizira mkonzi wa chofalitsa chakumaloko. Kristina akukumbukira mwachikondi chiyambi cha ubale wawo: "Tinakumana Loweruka, ndipo Lachinayi tinayamba kukhala pamodzi." Mu 1967 anakwatirana. Washington atachotsedwa ntchito, banjali linasamukira ku Philadelphia.
Iwo anali ndi ana awiri - mwana wamkazi Shana Washington ndi mwana Grover Washington III. Zochepa zomwe zimadziwika pazochitika za ana. Monga bambo ndi agogo ake, Washington III anaganiza zokhala woimba.
Mu 1999, woimbayo anapita ku seti ya The Saturday Early Show, kumene iye anachita nyimbo zinayi. Pambuyo pake, adapita kuchipinda chobiriwira. Pamene ankadikira kuti apitirize kujambula, adadwala matenda a mtima. Ogwira ntchito ku studio nthawi yomweyo adayimbira ambulansi, koma atafika kuchipatala, Washington anali atamwalira kale. Madokotala analemba kuti wojambulayo anali ndi vuto lalikulu la mtima.
