Jessye Norman ndi m'modzi mwa oimba odziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Soprano wake ndi mezzo-soprano - adagonjetsa okonda nyimbo opitilira miliyoni imodzi padziko lonse lapansi. Woimbayo adachita nawo mwambo wotsegulira Purezidenti Ronald Reagan ndi Bill Clinton, komanso amakumbukiridwa ndi mafani chifukwa cha nyonga zake zosatopa. Otsutsa adatcha Norman "Black Panther", ndipo "mafani" amangopembedza wojambula wakuda. Mawu a Jesse Norman wopambana Grammy angapo akhala akudziwika kuti ndi apadera.
Umboni: Mezzo-soprano pasukulu ya ku Italy amatchedwa liwu lomwe limatsegula gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu pansi pa soprano yochititsa chidwi.
Ubwana ndi unyamata wa Jessye Norman
Tsiku lobadwa la wojambulayo ndi September 15, 1945. Iye anabadwira ku Augusta, Georgia. Jessie anakulira m’banja lalikulu. Anthu a ku Normans ankalemekeza nyimbo - ankamvetsera nthawi zambiri, kwambiri komanso "mwachangu".
Onse a m'banja lalikulu anali oimba osaphunzira. Mayi ndi agogo ankaimba, ndipo bambo ankaimba kwaya ya tchalitchi. Abale ndi alongo anaphunziranso kuimba zida zoimbira adakali aang’ono. Tsoka ili silinadutse Jessie Norman wofooka.
Anapita ku Charles T. Walker Elementary School. Kuyambira ali mwana, chidwi chake chachikulu chinali kuimba. Kuyambira ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, Jesse wakhala akuchita nawo mpikisano woimba komanso wolenga. Mobwerezabwereza kuchokera ku zochitika zoterezi, amabwerera ali ndi chigonjetso m'manja mwake.
Ali ndi zaka 9, makolo achikondi anapatsa mwana wawo wamkazi wailesi. Ankakonda kumvera nyimbo zapamwamba zomwe zimatuluka Loweruka lililonse chifukwa cha Metropolitan Opera. Jessie adakondwera kwambiri ndi mawu a Marian Anderson ndi Leontyn Price. Poyankhulana ndi anthu okhwima, adzanena kuti ndi iwo omwe adamulimbikitsa kuti ayambe ntchito yake yoimba.
Maphunziro a Jesse Norman
Anatenga maphunziro a mawu kuchokera kwa Rosa Harris Sanders Crack. Pambuyo pake, Norman adaphunzira ku Interlochen School of Arts pansi pa pulogalamu ya zisudzo. Jessie anagwira ntchito molimbika ndi chitukuko. Mphunzitsi monga mmodzi analosera tsogolo labwino la nyimbo kwa iye.
Mu unyamata wake, iye anakhala nawo mu mpikisano wotchuka Marian Anderson, umene unachitikira ku Finland. Ngakhale kuti Jessie sanatenge malo oyamba - adawonekera pa nthawi yoyenera pamalo oyenera.
Kutenga nawo mbali pampikisano wanyimbo kunapangitsa kuti apatsidwe mwayi wophunzira maphunziro ku yunivesite ya Howard. Anapitiliza kukulitsa luso lake loyimba motsogozedwa ndi Caroline Grant. M'zaka za m'ma 60s m'zaka zapitazi, mtsikana waluso adakhala gawo la Gamma Sigma Sigma.
Chaka chotsatira, pamodzi ndi ophunzira ena ndi aphunzitsi anayi aakazi, adayambitsa chaputala cha Delta Nu cha gulu la nyimbo la Sigma Alpha Iota. Nditamaliza sukulu ya luso Jess analowa Peabody Conservatory. Kenako, anali kuyembekezera sukulu ya nyimbo, zisudzo ndi kuvina pa yunivesite ya Michigan. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 60, iye anamaliza maphunziro aulemu ku bungwe la maphunziro.
Njira yolenga ya Jessye Norman
Mu 70s iye anaonekera pa siteji ya La Scala. Sewero la Jesse linalandiridwa ndi manja awiri ndi anthu akumeneko. Kenako, iye mobwerezabwereza kuchita pa siteji ya nyumba ya opera mu Milan.
Zochitika zina zamakonsati zinali kuyembekezera Norman ndi mafani ake. Jessie adapita kumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi kuti akasangalatse okonda nyimbo ndi mawu ake odabwitsa.
Mwa njira, Jessie Norman nthawi zonse amamuganizira kwambiri. Kontrakiti yake ya konsati inali ndi mapointi 86, omwe adayitanitsidwa kuchokera kumitundu yonse yangozi zosafunikira ndi wojambulayo.
Mwachitsanzo, malo asanayambe kubwereza ndi ma concerts ayenera kukhala abwino - otsukidwa ndi kutsukidwa. Woyimbayo amatha kuyimba m'chipinda chonyowa mwapadera, mpweya uyenera kukhala woyera komanso watsopano. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ma air conditioners mu chipinda chophunzitsira sikuphatikizidwa.
Only mu 80s wa zaka zapitazi, iye kachiwiri anabwerera ku siteji ya nyumba opera. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, Jessie adamupanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu la American opera. Mwa njira, izi zisanachitike, wojambulayo adakondweretsa anthu amtundu wake poimba pa malo oimba.
Mu 1983, iye potsiriza anaonekera pa siteji ya Metropolitan Opera. Mu dilogy ya Berlioz Les Troyens, Placido Domingo mwiniyo adayimba naye limodzi. Chiwonetsero cha zisudzo chidayenda bwino kwambiri. Kulandiridwa mwachikondi kwa omvera kunalimbikitsa opera diva.
Zaka za m'ma XNUMX zisanafike, anali mmodzi mwa oimba olipidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Anali ndi zokonda zakezake za nyimbo komanso ulaliki wosangalatsa wa nkhaniyo.
Pa ntchito yawo yogwira ntchito yolenga, adalemba zolemba zingapo zauzimu, komanso nyimbo zodziwika bwino mu Chingerezi ndi Chifalansa.
Ntchito ya woimba wa opera mu "zero"
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2001, Jesse, pamodzi ndi Kathleen Battle, adaimba Mythodea, nyimbo ya NASA mission: XNUMX Mars Odyssey. Patatha chaka chimodzi, adalemba nyimbo yokonda dziko lake America the Beautiful.
Anapitiriza kugwira ntchito mwakhama, kuchita pa siteji, kulemba nyimbo zosakhoza kufa. Kenako kwa kanthawi adasowa pamaso pa mafani.
Only mu 2012 woimba wa zisudzo anaswa chete. Adapatsa mafani chimbale chodabwitsa komanso chodziwika bwino. Mbiri ya Jessie idaperekedwa ku classical jazz, gospel, soul. Chimbale cha Norman chidatchedwa Roots: My Life, My Song.
Kuphatikizikaku kudachulukirachulukira ndi nyimbo monga Don't Get Around Much Much anymore, Stormy Weather ndi Mack the Knife, nyimbo za gospel ndi jazi. Mwa njira, malingaliro a otsutsa okhudza mbiriyo adakhala osamvetsetseka. Koma, mafani owona, kulandiridwa kozizira kwa akatswiri kunalibe nkhawa.
Zosangalatsa za woyimba wa opera
- Woimbayo adalowetsedwa ku Georgia Music Hall of Fame.
- Norman adalandira udokotala wolemekezeka mu nyimbo kuchokera ku Oxford.
- Woimba wa opera anali ndi mawu osiyanasiyana kuyambira soprano yapamwamba mpaka contralto.
- Anali wokonda kwambiri mabuku achikondi.
Jesse Norman: zambiri za moyo wake
Sanalankhulepo za moyo wake. Woimbayo sanakwatire mwalamulo. Tsoka lake, sanasiyire olowa nyumba. Norman ananena kuti chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa iye ndi utumiki nyimbo.
Imfa ya Jessie Norman
Mu 2015, adavulala msana. Izi zinatsatiridwa ndi chithandizo chautali. Adamwalira pa Seputembara 30, 2019. Chifukwa cha imfa chinali kugwedezeka kwa septic komanso kulephera kwa ziwalo zingapo. Zinayambitsidwa ndi zovuta za kuvulala kwa msana.
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti m'zaka zomaliza za moyo wake, iye sanali kuimba pa siteji ya nyumba za zisudzo. Nthawi zina Jessie ankasangalatsa anthu okonda ntchito yake powonekera m'malo ochitira konsati. Zonse ndi kuvulala.
M'zaka zomalizira za moyo wake, adayang'ana kwambiri ntchito yothandiza anthu. Wojambulayo adadzipereka kwathunthu kwa oimba achichepere ndi aluso, oimba, ndi ojambula. Wapanga mobwerezabwereza zochitika za zikondwerero zolemekeza chikhalidwe cha dziko lakwawo.
Norman anali membala wa maziko angapo achifundo, komanso sanaiwale Augusta kwawo - kumeneko, pansi pa phiko lake, panali koleji ndi mzinda Opera Association.
