Johannes Brahms ndi woyimba, woyimba komanso wochititsa chidwi. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti otsutsa ndi anthu a m'nthawi yake ankaona kuti maestro ndi woyambitsa komanso nthawi yomweyo chikhalidwe.
Zolemba zake zinali zofanana ndi zolemba za Bach ndi Beethoven. Ena anena kuti ntchito ya Brahms ndi yamaphunziro. Koma simungatsutse chinthu chimodzi motsimikiza - Johannes adathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa luso la nyimbo.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Maestro adabadwa pa Meyi 7, 1833. Zomwe zinkachitika m'nyumbayi zinapangitsa kuti mnyamatayo ayambe kuchita chidwi ndi nyimbo kuyambira ali wamng'ono. Chowonadi ndi chakuti Johann Jacob (bambo wa Brahms) anali ndi masewerawo pa mphepo ndi zida zoimbira za zingwe.
Brahms anali mwana wachiwiri. Makolo adawona kuti Brahms ndi wosiyana ndi ana ena onse. Iye ankakhoza kumva nyimboyo ndi khutu, anali ndi chikumbukiro chabwino ndiponso mawu abwino kwambiri. Bamboyo sanadikire kuti mwana wake akule. Kuyambira ali ndi zaka 5, Johannes anaphunzira kuimba violin ndi cello.
Posakhalitsa mnyamatayo anapatsidwa pansi pa phiko la mphunzitsi wodziwa zambiri Otto Kossel. Iye anaphunzitsa Brahms zoyambira zolembedwa. Otto anadabwa ndi luso la wophunzira wake. Analoweza nyimbo pambuyo pomvetsera koyamba. Ali ndi zaka 10, Brahms anali atasonkhanitsa kale maholo. Mnyamatayo adachita ndi ma concerts osakonzekera. Mu 1885, ulaliki wa sonata woyamba unachitika, wolemba amene anali Johannes.
Bamboyo anayesa kuletsa mwana wake kuti asamachite bwino pakulemba, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti iyi inali ntchito yopanda phindu. Koma Otto anakwanitsa kutsimikizira mutu wa banja, ndi Brahms anasamutsidwa ku kalasi ya maestro Eduard Marxsen.
Patapita zaka zingapo, ndipo Brahms anayamba mwakhama kukonza zoimbaimba. Posakhalitsa kampani ya Cranz idalandira ufulu pazolemba za Johannes ndikuyamba kutulutsa nyimbo zambiri pansi pa pseudonym ya GW Marks. Sipanapite zaka zingapo pambuyo pake pomwe Brahms adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito dzina loyambirira. Zolemba zake zoyambirira zidawonekera pachikuto cha Scherzo Op. 4" ndi nyimbo "Bwererani ku Motherland".
Njira yolenga ya wolemba nyimbo Johannes Brahms
Mu 1853, Brahms anakumana ndi wolemba nyimbo wina wotchuka, Robert Schumann. Katswiriyo anayamikira Johannes, ndipo analembanso ndemanga yake, yomwe inalowa m’nyuzipepala ya m’deralo. Atakumbukira, ambiri anayamba kuchita chidwi ndi ntchito ya Brahms. Ndi chidwi chochulukirachulukira ku maestro, zolengedwa zake zoyambirira zidayamba kutsutsidwa.
Kwa nthawi ndithu, adakakamizika kusiya kuwonetsa nyimbo zake. Johannes anayamba kuchita nawo konsati. Wolembayo posakhalitsa adasiya chete ndi kufalitsa kwa sonatas ndi nyimbo ndi kampani ya Leipzig Breitkopf & Härtel.
Kuwonetsera kwa sonatas ndi nyimbo kunatsagana ndi kulandiridwa kozizira kuchokera kwa anthu. Choyamba, kulandiridwa kozizira kunalungamitsidwa ndi "kulephera" kwa makonsati a Brahms mu 1859. Katswiriyo adagwirabe mpaka kumapeto kwa mphamvu zake. Pamene, pambuyo pa mndandanda wa ma concert omwe sanapambane, adapita pa siteji kuti awonetse zolengedwa zatsopano, omvera adatsutsa machitidwe ake. Ndipo adakakamizika kuchoka pamalo ochitira konsati.
Kulandiridwa kwaudani kwa omvera kunakwiyitsa Brahms. Anafuna kubwezera otsutsa ndi anthu. Wolembayo adagwirizana ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "sukulu yatsopano", yomwe inkatsogoleredwa ndi Richard Wagner ndi Franz Liszt.
Olemba omwe tawatchulawa anathandiza Johannes. Posakhalitsa anakhala mtsogoleri ndi kondakitala pa sukulu yoimba. Patapita nthawi anasamukira ku Baden-Baden. Kumeneko iye anayamba ntchito pa zikuchokera wotchuka, kuphatikizapo "German Requiem". Brahms mwadzidzidzi adadzipeza yekha pamwamba pa kutchuka kwake.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, adapereka mndandanda wa "Hungarian Dances", komanso mndandanda wanzeru wa waltzes. Pa funde la kutchuka, wolemba anamaliza ntchito poyamba anayamba, koma ntchito anamaliza. Komanso, wolemba anatulutsa mphambu ya cantata "Rinaldo", Symphony No. 1, kuphatikizapo zikuchokera "Lullaby".
Johannes Brahms ngati mtsogoleri
Panthawi imeneyi, Brahms anatsogolera oimba a Vienna Musical Society. Chifukwa cha luso lake, Johannes anakonza konsati, yomwe cholinga chake chinali kuonetsa zamoyo zatsopano zosakhoza kufa. Pa chimodzi mwa zochitika izi, "Kusiyanasiyana pa Mutu wa Haydn", ma quartets angapo oimba ndi "Nyimbo Zisanu ndi ziwiri za Mixed Choir" zinachitidwa. Wopeka nyimboyo anatchuka kwambiri kumadera ena a ku Ulaya. Wapambana mphoto zambiri komanso mphoto zambiri.
M'zaka za m'ma 1890, Brahms adafanana ndi munthu wachipembedzo. Choncho, chigamulo chimene katswiri anapanga atakumana ndi Johann Strauss II chinadabwitsa anthu ambiri. Zoona zake n’zakuti Johannes anamaliza ntchito yake yopeka ndipo anadziika kukhala kondakitala ndi woimba piyano. Posakhalitsa anasintha maganizo ake n’kuyamba kulemba nyimbo zimene anali asanamalize.
Tsatanetsatane wa moyo waumwini
Moyo waumwini wa wolemba nyimbo wotchuka sunapambane. Anali ndi mabuku angapo osaiwalika. Koma, tsoka, ubalewu sunakhale wovuta. Maestro sanakwatire m'moyo wake, chifukwa chake sanasiye olowa m'malo mwake.
Anali ndi chikondi kwa Clara Schumann. Koma mkaziyo sanayerekeze kuvomereza izi, popeza anali wokwatiwa. Clara atamwalira, Brahms sanabwere kudzamuwona. Anali munthu wotseka amene sankatha kusonyeza mmene akumvera.
Mu 1859 adapempha Agathe von Siebold. Mtsikanayo anakonda kwambiri wolemba nyimboyo. Wopeka nyimboyo anachita chidwi ndi mawu ake komanso makhalidwe ake aulemu. Koma ukwati sunachitike. Akuti Clara anakwiyira Johannes chifukwa anakwatira wina. Mayiyo anafalitsa mphekesera zopusa za maestro.
Mpatawo unabweretsa Brahms kuvutika maganizo kwakukulu. Analowa mozama m’mabvuto ake. Johannes ankathera nthawi yambiri akuimba zida zoimbira. Kuvutika maganizo kunalimbikitsa katswiriyu kulemba nyimbo zingapo zanyimbo.
Zochititsa chidwi za wolemba nyimbo Johannes Brahms
- Brahms anakulira m'banja losauka. Makolo anga analibe ngakhale nyumba. Ngakhale zinali choncho, Johannes anali mwana wolandiridwa bwino. Anakumbukira ubwana wake mwachidwi.
- Iye ankavutika kuona pafupi koma anakana kuvala magalasi.
- Wolembayo adalemba nyimbo zopitilira 80.
- Ali unyamata, Brahms anapatsidwa maulendo a ku America. Koma anakana, osafuna kusokoneza maphunziro owonjezera mu luso la nyimbo ku Germany.
- Anatha kugwira ntchito mumitundu yonse yanyimbo, kupatula opera.
Zaka zotsiriza za moyo
Mu 1896, wolemba nyimboyo adapezeka ndi matenda a jaundice. Posakhalitsa matenda anapereka Vuto mu mawonekedwe a chotupa, amene pamapeto pake kufalikira thupi lonse. Ngakhale kuti anali wofooka kwambiri, Brahms anapitirizabe kuchita pa siteji ndi khalidwe. Mu 1897, ntchito yomaliza ya maestro inachitika. Pa April 3, 1897, anamwalira ndi khansa ya chiwindi. Johannes anaikidwa m’manda ku manda a Wiener Zentrafriedhof.
