Juan Atkins amadziwika kuti ndi m'modzi mwa omwe amapanga nyimbo za techno. Kuchokera apa kunatuluka gulu la mitundu yomwe tsopano imadziwika kuti electronica. Mwinanso anali munthu woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti “techno” pa nyimbo.
Zojambula zake zatsopano zamagetsi zidakhudza pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse wanyimbo zomwe zidabwera pambuyo pake. Komabe, kupatula otsatira a nyimbo zovina zamagetsi, okonda nyimbo ochepa amazindikira dzina la Juan Atkins.
Ngakhale pali chiwonetsero ku Detroit Historical Museum yoperekedwa kwa woyimba uyu, akadali m'modzi mwa oyimilira osadziwika bwino amasiku ano.
Nyimbo za Techno zidachokera ku Detroit, Michigan, komwe Atkins adabadwa pa Seputembara 12, 1962. Otsatira padziko lonse lapansi adagwirizanitsa nyimbo za Atkins ndi malo omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda mdima a Detroit. Anali ndi nyumba zosiyidwa kuyambira m'ma 1920 ndi magalimoto akale.
Atkins mwiniwakeyo adagawana zomwe adawona zakuwonongeka kwa Detroit ndi Dan Cicco: "Ndinaphulitsidwa ndili pakatikati pa mzindawo, pa Griswold. Ndinayang'ana mnyumbayo ndipo ndinawona logo ya American Airline itazimiririka. Njira atachotsa chizindikiro. Ndaphunzirapo kanthu za Detroit - mumzinda wina uliwonse muli ndi tawuni yotukuka komanso yotukuka."
Komabe, chiyambi chenicheni cha mbiri ya nyimbo za techno sichinachitike konse ku Detroit. Theka la ola kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Detroit ndi Belleville, Michigan, tauni yaing'ono pafupi ndi msewu waukulu. Makolo a Juan anatumiza Juan ndi mchimwene wake kuti akakhale ndi agogo awo aakazi atasiya kuchita bwino pasukulu ndipo ziwawa zinayamba kukulirakulira m’misewu.
Monga wophunzira wapakati ndi sekondale ku Belleville, Atkins anakumana ndi Derrick May ndi Kevin Saunderson, onse oimba nyimbo. Atatuwa nthawi zambiri amapita ku Detroit chifukwa cha "macheza" osiyanasiyana. Pambuyo pake, anyamatawo adadziwika kuti Belleville Three, ndipo Atkins adapeza dzina lake - Obi Juan.
Juan Atkins mothandizidwa ndi wailesi ya Electrifying Mojo
Bambo Atkins anali wokonza konsati, ndipo pa nthawi imene mnyamatayo anakulira, m'nyumba munali zida zosiyanasiyana zoimbira. Adakhala wokonda jockey waku Detroit wotchedwa Electrifying Mojo (Charles Johnson).
Anali woimba waulere, DJ pa wailesi yamalonda yaku America, omwe mawonetsero ake amaphatikiza mitundu ndi mawonekedwe. Electrifying Mojo adagwirizana ndi ojambula osiyanasiyana m'ma 1970 monga George Clinton, Nyumba yamalamulo ndi Funkadelic. Panthawiyo, anali mmodzi mwa anthu ochepa a ku America a DJs omwe ankasewera nyimbo zovina zamagetsi pawailesi.
"Ngati mukufuna kudziwa chifukwa chake techno adabwera ku Detroit, muyenera kuyang'ana DJ Electrifying Mojo - anali ndi maola asanu a wailesi usiku uliwonse popanda zoletsa zamtundu uliwonse," Atkins adauza Village Voice.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, Atkins anakhala woimba yemwe adapeza malo okoma pakati pa nyimbo za funk ndi zamagetsi. Ngakhale ali wachinyamata, adasewera ma keyboards, koma kuyambira pachiyambi anali ndi chidwi ndi DJ console. Kunyumba, anayesa makina osakaniza ndi makina ojambulira makaseti.
Atamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, Atkins anapita ku Washtenaw Community College pafupi ndi Ypsilanti, pafupi ndi Belleville. Zinali kudzera muubwenzi ndi wophunzira mnzake, msilikali wankhondo waku Vietnam, Rick Davis, kuti Atkins adayamba kuphunzira kupanga mawu amagetsi.
Kudziwitsa za kuyimba ndi Juan Atkins
Davis anali ndi zida zambiri zatsopano, kuphatikizapo imodzi mwazotsatira zoyamba (chipangizo chomwe chimalola wogwiritsa ntchito kujambula phokoso lamagetsi) lotulutsidwa ndi Roland Corporation. Posakhalitsa, mgwirizano wa Atkins ndi Davis unapindula - anayamba kulemba nyimbo pamodzi.
"Ndinkafuna kulemba nyimbo zamagetsi, ndinaganiza kuti chifukwa cha izi ndiyenera kukhala wolemba mapulogalamu, koma ndinazindikira kuti sizinali zovuta monga momwe zinkawonekera poyamba," adatero Atkins poyankhulana ndi nyuzipepala ya Village Voice.
Atkins adalumikizana ndi Davis (yemwe adatenga pseudonym 3070) ndipo pamodzi adayamba kulemba nyimbo. Awiriwo adaganiza zoyimbira Cybotron. Anyamatawo mwangozi adawona mawu awa mu mndandanda wa mawu amtsogolo ndipo adaganiza kuti izi ndizo zomwe amafunikira dzina la duet.
Mu 1981, nyimbo yoyamba, Alleys of Your Mind, idatulutsidwa ndikugulitsa makope pafupifupi 15 ku Detroit Electrifying Mojo itayamba kuwulutsa nyimboyi pawailesi yake.
Kutulutsidwa kwachiwiri kwa Cosmic Cars kudagulitsidwanso bwino. Posakhalitsa odziyimira pawokha West Coast Fantasy adapeza za awiriwa. Atkins ndi Davis sanafune phindu lalikulu polemba ndi kugulitsa nyimbo zawo. Atkins adati sakudziwa kalikonse za zolemba za West Coast Fantasy. Koma tsiku lina iwo eniwo sanatumize pangano pa makalata kuti asayine.
Nyimbo "anatchulidwa" mtundu wonse
Mu 1982 Cybotron adatulutsa nyimbo ya Clear. Ntchitoyi yokhala ndi phokoso lozizira pambuyo pake idatchedwa classical of electronic music. Malinga ndi ma classics amtunduwu, palibe mawu mu nyimboyi. Zinali "chinyengo" ichi chomwe akatswiri ambiri a techno adabwereka pambuyo pake. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu a nyimboyo ngati chowonjezera kapena chokongoletsera nyimbo.
Chaka chotsatira, Atkins ndi Davis adatulutsa Techno City, ndipo omvera ambiri adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mutu wa nyimboyi pofotokoza zamtundu wanyimbo zomwe zidachokera.
Mawu atsopanowa adatengedwa kuchokera kwa wolemba zamtsogolo Alvin Toffler's Third Wave (1980), pomwe mawu oti "techno-rebels" nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zimadziwika kuti Juan Atkins adawerenga bukuli akadali kusekondale ku Belleville.
Posakhalitsa mikangano inayamba mu duet ya Atkins ndi Davis. Anyamatawo adaganiza zochoka chifukwa chokonda nyimbo zosiyanasiyana. Davis ankafuna kuwongolera nyimbo zake ku thanthwe. Atkins - pa techno. Chotsatira chake, choyamba chinagwera mumdima. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, wachiwiri adachitapo kanthu kuti adziwe nyimbo zatsopano zomwe adalenga yekha.
Polumikizana ndi May ndi Saunderson, Juan Atkins adapanga gulu la Deep Space Soundworks. Poyamba, gululi lidadziyika ngati gulu la DJs lotsogozedwa ndi Atkins. Koma posakhalitsa oimbawo adayambitsa kalabu mumzinda wa Detroit wotchedwa The Music Institute.
Mbadwo wachiwiri wa techno DJs, kuphatikizapo Carl Craig ndi Richie Hawtin (wotchedwa Plastikman), anayamba kuchita pa gululo. Nyimbo za Techno zidapezanso malo pawailesi ya Detroit pa Fast Forward.
Juan Atkins: ntchito ina ya woimba
Atkins posakhalitsa adatulutsa chimbale chake choyamba, Deep Space, chotchedwa Infinity. Ma Albamu otsatirawa adatulutsidwa pamalemba osiyanasiyana a techno. Skynet mu 1998 pa chizindikiro cha German Tresor. Malingaliro ndi Thupi mu 1999 pagulu la Belgian R&S.
Ngakhale zonse, Atkins ankadziwika bwino ngakhale kumudzi kwawo ku Detroit. Koma Detroit Electronic Music Festival, yomwe imachitika chaka chilichonse m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Detroit, inasonyeza zotsatira zenizeni za ntchito ya Atkins. Pafupifupi anthu 1 miliyoni anabwera kudzamvera otsatira a woimbayo. Anapangitsa aliyense kuvina popanda chilichonse koma zida zamagetsi.
Juan Atkins mwiniwake adachita nawo chikondwererochi mu 2001. M'mafunso omwe adapereka pa Jahsonic's Orange magazine, adawonetsa momwe techno adasinthira kukhala nyimbo zaku Africa-America. "Ndikhoza kuganiza kuti tikanakhala gulu la ana oyera, tikanakhala kale mamiliyoni ambiri, koma sizingakhale zatsankho monga momwe zingawonekere poyamba," adatero.
"Zolemba zakuda sizikudziwa. At least anyamata azungu alankhula nane. Sasuntha kapena kutsatsa. Koma nthawi zonse amati: "Timakonda nyimbo zanu ndipo tikufuna kuchita nanu."
Mu 2001, Atkins adatulutsanso Legends, Vol. 1, chimbale chomwe chili patsamba la OM. Wolemba wa Scripps Howard News Service, Richard Paton, adanenanso kuti chimbale "sichimangirira pazomwe zidachitika m'mbuyomu, koma chimaphatikizanso zoganiziridwa bwino". Atkins anapitirizabe kuchita mbali zonse za Atlantic, akusamukira ku Los Angeles kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000.
Idawonetsedwa kwambiri mu "Techno: Mphatso ya Detroit ku Dziko Lapansi", chiwonetsero cha 2003 ku Detroit. Mu 2005, adasewera ku Necto Club ku Ann Arbor, Michigan, pafupi ndi Belleville.
Zosangalatsa za Juan Atkins ndi techno
- Atatu otchuka ochokera ku Detroit kwa nthawi yayitali sakanatha kugula zida zodula zojambulira nyimbo. Ngakhale kuti anyamata onse anachokera m'mabanja olemera, kuchokera ku "nkhokwe" zonse za zida zojambulira zomveka panali makaseti okha ndi tepi chojambulira.
Patangopita nthawi, adapeza makina a ng'oma, synthesizer ndi ma DJ consoles anayi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake m'nyimbo zawo mumatha kumva maphokoso anayi osiyanasiyana omwe ali pamwamba pa mnzake.
- Gulu lachijeremani la Kraftwerk ndilo kudzoza kwa Atkins ndi anzake. Gululo linayamba kupanga ndipo linaganiza zopanga "coup". Atavala ngati maloboti, adakwera siteji ndi nyimbo zatsopano "zaukadaulo" za nthawiyo.
- Juan Atkins ali ndi dzina lakutchulidwa The Originator (mpainiya, woyambitsa), popeza amaonedwa kuti ndi atate wa techno.
Kampani yojambulira Metroplex ndi ya Juan Atkins.
