Marlene Dietrich - woyimba wamkulu ndi zisudzo, mmodzi wa kukongola amapha m'zaka za m'ma 1930. Mwiniwake wa contralto wankhanza, luso lachilengedwe laluso, kuphatikiza ndi chithumwa chodabwitsa komanso kuthekera kodziwonetsera pa siteji. M’zaka za m’ma XNUMX, iye anali mmodzi mwa akazi olipidwa kwambiri padziko lonse.
Anakhala wotchuka osati m'dziko lake laling'ono, komanso kutali ndi malire ake. Mwa kulondola, amaonedwa ngati muyezo wa ukazi ndi kugonana.
Pali nthano zonena za moyo wa wojambulayo. Ena amamuona ngati chizindikiro cha nkhanza chifukwa cha maubwenzi ake ambiri ndi amuna, ena - chithunzi cha kalembedwe ndi kukoma koyeretsedwa, mkazi woyenera kutsanzira.
Ndiye Marlene Dietrich ndi ndani? N'chifukwa chiyani tsogolo lake akadali kukopa chidwi osati okonda talente, otsutsa luso ndi akatswiri a mbiri yakale, komanso anthu wamba?
Ulendo wopita ku mbiri ya Marlene Dietrich
Maria Magdalena Dietrich (dzina lenileni) anabadwa pa December 27, 1901 ku Berlin m'banja lolemera. Mtsikanayo ankadziwa pang'ono za bambo ake. Anamwalira ali ndi zaka 6.
Kulera kunkachitidwa ndi amayi, mkazi yemwe ali ndi khalidwe la "chitsulo" komanso mfundo zokhwima. Ndicho chifukwa chake anapatsa ana ake (Dietrich anali ndi mlongo Liesel) maphunziro abwino kwambiri.
Dietrich ankadziwa bwino zilankhulo ziwiri zakunja (Chingerezi ndi Chifalansa), ankaimba lute, violin ndi piyano. Chiwonetsero choyamba cha anthu chinachitika m'chilimwe cha 1917 pa konsati ya Red Cross.
Ali ndi zaka 16, mtsikanayo anasiya sukulu ndipo, poumirira amayi ake, anasamukira ku tauni yachigawo ya Germany ya Weimar, kumene ankakhala m'nyumba yogona, kupitiriza maphunziro ake akuimba violin. Koma sanali woti adzakhale katswiri woimba violin wotchuka.
Mu 1921, atabwerera ku Berlin, anayamba kuyesa kulowa Sukulu Yapamwamba ya Nyimbo ya K. Flesch, koma sizinaphule kanthu. Kenako mu 1922 analowa sukulu ya zisudzo M. Reinhardt pa German Theatre, koma sanakhoza mayeso.
Komabe, mkulu wa bungwe la maphunziro anaona talente dona wamng'ono ndipo mwamseri maphunziro ake.
Panthawi imeneyi, mtsikanayo anatha kugwira ntchito mu gulu la oimba limodzi ndi mafilimu chete, wovina mu cafe ya usiku. Fortune adamwetulira Marlene. Iye anaonekera koyamba pa siteji mu zisudzo monga Ammayi ali ndi zaka 21.
Njira yolenga ya Marlene Dietrich
Kuyambira December 1922, kukwera mofulumira kwa ntchito yake kunayamba. Msungwanayu adaitanidwa kuti akawone mayeso. Anayang'ana mafilimu: "Awa ndi amuna", "Tsoka la Chikondi", "Cafe Electrician".
Koma ulemerero weniweni unadza pambuyo pa kutulutsidwa kwa filimuyo "Blue Angel" mu 1930. Nyimbo zomwe Marlene Dietrich adachita kuchokera mufilimuyi zinakhala zovuta, ndipo wojambulayo adadzuka wotchuka.
M'chaka chomwecho, adachoka ku Germany kupita ku America, ndikusaina mgwirizano wopindulitsa kwambiri ndi Paramount Pictures. Pa mgwirizano ndi Hollywood kampani anawomberedwa mafilimu 6, amene anabweretsa Dietrich kutchuka padziko lonse.
Inali panthawiyi pamene adakhala muyezo wa kukongola kwachikazi, chizindikiro cha kugonana, choyipa komanso chosalakwa, chosasunthika komanso chobisika.
Ndiye wojambula anaitanidwa kubwerera ku Germany, koma iye anakana kupereka, kupitiriza kujambula mu America, ndipo analandira nzika American.
Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, Marlene adasokoneza ntchito yake yosewera ndikuimba pamaso pa asitikali aku America, ndikudzudzula poyera boma la Nazi. Monga momwe wojambulayo adanenera pambuyo pake: "Ichi ndiye chochitika chokhacho chofunikira m'moyo wanga."
Nkhondo itatha, ntchito zake zotsutsana ndi Germany zinayamikiridwa ndi akuluakulu a ku France ndi America, omwe anamupatsa mendulo ndi malamulo.
Pakati pa 1946 ndi 1951 wojambulayo nthawi zambiri ankalemba nkhani zamamagazini a mafashoni, mapulogalamu a pawailesi, komanso ankasewera mafilimu.
Mu 1953, Marlene Dietrich anaonekera pamaso pa anthu mu udindo watsopano monga woimba ndi wosangalatsa. Pamodzi ndi woyimba piyano B. Bakarak, adalemba ma Albums angapo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, wojambulayo wakhala akusewera mafilimu mocheperapo.
Atabwerera kudziko lakwawo, wojambulayo analandiridwa mozizira. Anthu sanagwirizane ndi maganizo ake andale, otsutsana ndi zochitika za akuluakulu a ku Germany pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse.
Kumapeto kwa ntchito yake, Dietrich nyenyezi mu matepi ena angapo ( "Nuremberg Mayesero", "Gigolo wokongola, Gigolo wosauka"). Mu 1964, woimbayo anapereka zoimbaimba ku Leningrad ndi Moscow.
Mu 1975, ntchito yabwino inasokonezedwa ndi ngozi. Pamasewera ku Sydney, Dietrich adagwera m'dzenje la okhestra ndipo adasweka kwambiri chikazi chake. Atatulutsidwa m’chipatala, Marlene anapita ku France.
M'zaka zotsiriza za moyo wake Ammayi pafupifupi sanali kuchoka panyumba. Zinali zovuta kuti avomereze mfundo yakuti moyo sudzakhala wofanana. Thanzi losauka, imfa ya mwamuna wake, kukongola kumazimiririka kunakhala zifukwa zazikulu zochoka kwa Ammayi, yemwe nthawi ina adawala pa siteji ya zisudzo ndi mafilimu mumithunzi.
Pa May 6, 1992, Marlene Dietrich anamwalira. Nyenyeziyo inaikidwa m'manda a mumzinda wa Berlin pafupi ndi amayi ake.
Moyo wa woimba kunja kwa siteji ndi cinema
Marlene Dietrich, monga munthu aliyense wapagulu, nthawi zambiri ankapezeka pamalo owonekera. Omvera anachita chidwi osati ndi mawu otsika amphamvu a woimbayo, komanso ndi luso la Ammayi. Iwo anali ndi chidwi ndi moyo waumwini wa mayi wakuphayo.
Adadziwika ndi mabuku omwe ali ndi pafupifupi theka la anthu otchuka aku Hollywood, mamiliyoni ambiri, ngakhale ndi banja la Kennedy. Makina osindikizira a "chikasu" adawonetsanso za ubale wa Dietrich wopanda ubwenzi ndi akazi ena - Edith Piaf, wolemba waku Spain Mercedes de Acosta, ballerina Vera Zorina. Ngakhale Ammayi yekha sanayankhe pa mfundo imeneyi.
Wojambulayo adakwatirana kamodzi ndi wothandizira wothandizira R. Sieber. Awiriwa adakhala limodzi kwa zaka 5. Mu ukwati, iwo anali ndi mwana wamkazi, Maria, amene analeredwa ndi bambo ake. Amayi anadzipereka kotheratu ku ntchito yawo ndi nkhani zachikondi.
Dietrich adamwalira mu 1976. Chifukwa chiyani okwatiranawo sanasudzulane mwalamulo, akukhala padera, akadali chinsinsi.
Marlene sanawope kusintha kwa kardinali mu fano lake, kulengeza poyera kuti kukongola kwa dona n'kofunika kwambiri kuposa nzeru. Iye anali woyamba pa kugonana koyenera kuvala mathalauza mufilimu ya Morocco (1930), motero anasintha dziko la mafashoni.
Nthawi zonse komanso kulikonse adatenga magalasi ndi iye, chifukwa ankakhulupirira kuti muzochitika zilizonse zodzoladzola ziyenera kukhala zangwiro. Atalowa m'badwo wolemekezeka, adakhala wojambula woyamba kuchitidwa opaleshoni ya pulasitiki - kukweza nkhope.
Marlene Dietrich si wojambula waluso komanso woimba yemwe adasiya chizindikiro chowala pa mbiri ya kanema wapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso mkazi wachinsinsi yemwe amakhala ndi moyo wowala komanso wosangalatsa.
Mabwalo ku Paris ndi Berlin amatchulidwa pambuyo pake, mafilimu angapo apangidwa ponena za iye, ndipo woimba wa ku Russia A. Vertinsky analemba ngakhale nyimbo yakuti "Marlene" polemekeza wojambulayo.
