Mikhail Verbitsky ndi chuma chenicheni cha Ukraine. Woyimba, woimba, wochititsa kwaya, wansembe, komanso wolemba nyimbo za nyimbo ya dziko la Ukraine - adathandizira kwambiri pa chitukuko cha chikhalidwe cha dziko lake.
"Mikhail Verbitsky ndi woimba nyimbo wakwaya wotchuka kwambiri ku Ukraine. Nyimbo za maestro "Izhe akerubi", "Atate Wathu", nyimbo zakudziko "Patsani, mtsikana", "Poklin", "De Dnipro ndi wathu", "Zapovit" ndi ngale za nyimbo zathu zakwaya. Zolemba za woimbayo, momwe amaphatikiza zojambula za anthu ndi zojambula zamakono, ndiye kuyesa koyamba kwa nyimbo za symphonic ku Ukraine ku Ukraine ..." akulemba Stanislav Lyudkevich.
Cholowa cholenga cha wolemba
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri cholowa Chiyukireniya chikhalidwe. Mikhail ndi mmodzi mwa oimira sukulu ya dziko la wolemba nyimbo. Mlingo wapamwamba wa ntchito zanyimbo za Verbitsky, luso lopanga nyimbo zimamupatsa ufulu womutcha wolemba nyimbo woyamba waku Western Ukraine. Iye analemba ndi magazi a mtima wake. Michael ndi chizindikiro cha chitsitsimutso cha dziko la Ukraine ku Galicia.
Mikhail Verbitsky: Ubwana ndi unyamata
Tsiku lobadwa la Maestro ndi Marichi 4, 1815. Zaka zake zaubwana zinakhala m'mudzi wawung'ono wa Javornik-Ruski pafupi ndi Przemysl (Poland). Iye anakulira m’banja la wansembe. Mutu wa banja anamwalira pamene Mikhail anali ndi zaka 10. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, wachibale wake wakutali, Vladyka John wa Przemysl, wakhala akulera iye.
Mikhail Verbitsky anaphunzira pa lyceum, ndiyeno pa masewera olimbitsa thupi. Anali wokhoza kuphunzira sayansi zosiyanasiyana. Anagwira chilichonse pa ntchentche. Bishopu John atakhazikitsa kwaya ku tchalitchi cha Przemysl, ndipo kenako sukulu yoimba, Michael adazolowera nyimbo.
Mu 1829, kuwonekera koyamba kugulu kwa kwaya unachitika, ndi nawo Verbitsky. Kuimba kwa oimbawo kunalandiridwa bwino ndi anthu akumeneko ndi olemekezeka. Atalandiridwa mwachikondi chonchi, John akuitana woyimba nyimbo wotchuka Alois Nanke ku sukulu ya maphunziro.
Mikhail atayang'aniridwa ndi Nanke, adawulula luso lake loimba. Verbitsky mwadzidzidzi anazindikira kuti kusintha ndi kapangidwe amamukopa.
Nyimbo za kwaya zidathandiza kwambiri popanga luso lolemba la Verbitsky. Nyimbo za kwayayi zinali ndi ntchito zosakhoza kufa za J. Haydn, Mozart, komanso maestro aku Ukraine Berezovsky ndi Bortnyansky.
Ntchito zauzimu Bortnyansky anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa nyimbo Western Ukraine.
Ntchito za maestro zinasiyidwanso ndi Mikhail, yemwe adakokera ku improvisation. Panthawi imeneyi, nyimbo za tchalitchi cha Chiyukireniya zinali zotchuka kwambiri ndi nyimbo za monophony. Bortnyansky anatha kuyambitsa polyphony mu ntchito zake.
Maphunziro mu seminare
Patapita nthawi, Mikhail Verbitsky analowa Lviv Theological Seminary. Mosachita khama kwambiri, iye ankadziwa kuimba gitala. Chida ichi choyimba chidzatsagana ndi Verbitsky mu nthawi zamdima kwambiri za moyo wake. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, anakhala wotsogolera kwaya.
Panthawi imeneyi, iye analemba nyimbo zingapo zabwino kwambiri za gitala. Kwa nthawi yathu, "Malangizo a Khitara" asungidwa. Verbitsky anali moyo wa kampaniyo. Anathamangitsidwa kangapo ku Lviv Conservatory chifukwa cha nyimbo zakutchire. Sanachite mantha kufotokoza maganizo akeake, zomwe ankalangidwa mobwerezabwereza.
Atathamangitsidwa ku bungwe la maphunziro kachitatu, sanapitirize. Pa nthawiyi n’kuti ali ndi banja ndipo ankafunika kusamalira achibale ake.
Amatembenukira ku nyimbo zachipembedzo. M’nthaŵi imeneyi, iye anapeka nyimbo yathunthu ya Liturgy ya kwaya yosakanizika, imene imamvekabe m’mipingo yambiri m’dziko lakwawo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye anapereka mmodzi wa nyimbo kwambiri kuzindikira - "Mngelo Vopiyashe", komanso angapo nyimbo zina.
Mikhail Verbitsky: moyo wa zisudzo
Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 40, moyo wa zisudzo unasintha pang'onopang'ono. Kwa Verbitsky, izi zikutanthauza chinthu chimodzi - amayamba kulemba nyimbo zotsatizana ndi zisudzo zingapo. Manambala omwe adawonetsedwa pa siteji ya zisudzo zabwino kwambiri ku Lviv ndi Galicia, makamaka, adamasuliridwa kuchokera ku sewero la Chiyukireniya ndi mabuku, komanso kuchokera ku Polish, French.
Nyimbo zinkathandiza kwambiri popanga zisudzo. Adafotokoza momwe masewerowo adakhalira komanso adadzaza mawonekedwe amunthu payekhapayekha. Mikhail adapanga nyimbo zotsagana ndi zisudzo zopitilira khumi ndi ziwiri. Simungathe kunyalanyaza zolengedwa zake "Verkhovyntsi", "Cossack ndi mlenje", "Protsikha" ndi "Zhovnir-charivnik".
Zilakolako za ndale zomwe zinkalamulira dera la Ukraine zinathandiza kuti bwalo lamasewera la Chiyukireniya linasiya kukhalapo komanso chidwi cha anthu akumeneko. Michael analibenso mwayi wopanga.
Mu 49, gulu la zisudzo linakhazikitsidwa ku Przemysl. Mikhail adatchulidwa m'gulu lake monga wolemba nyimbo komanso wosewera. Anapitiriza kupeka nyimbo.
Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 40, adalemba nyimbo za Ivan Gushalevich "Mtendere ukhale nanu, abale, tikubweretsa chirichonse." Patapita nthawi, ku Lvov, omenyera ufulu m'deralo anakonza zisudzo "Russian Conversation". Kwa zisudzo anapereka Verbitsky amalemba wanzeru melodrama "Pidgiryan".
Waukulu magawo a zilandiridwenso Mikhail VerbitskOo
Monga wopeka yekha anati, ntchito yake akhoza kugawidwa mu magawo atatu: nyimbo ntchito tchalitchi, nyimbo zisudzo ndi nyimbo ku salon. Pamapeto pake, Verbitsky ankadziwa mtundu wa nyimbo zomwe anthu a m'nthawi yake ankafuna kumva. Kukhala wothandiza kwa anthu - ndi zomwe Michael ankafuna. Wolemba mbiri yake yoyamba, Sidor Vorobkevich, amakumbukira nyimbo makumi anayi zoyimba yekha ndi gitala ndi zina zingapo zotsagana ndi piyano.
Chifukwa cha zovuta za moyo, sanathe kulandira unsembe kwa nthawi yayitali. Mikhail anasiya maphunziro ake kangapo. Komanso, anakakamizika kusamuka m’mudzi wina kupita ku wina kangapo. Mu 1850 anamaliza maphunziro ake ku Lviv Seminary ndi kukhala wansembe.
Kwa zaka zingapo iye anatumikira mu mudzi waung'ono wa Zavadov Yavorovsky. Panthawi imeneyi, iye anabadwa ana awiri - mwana wamkazi ndi mwana wamwamuna. Tsoka, mwana wamkazi anamwalira ali wakhanda. Verbitsky anakhumudwa kwambiri ndi imfa ya mwana wake wamkazi. Anavutika maganizo.
Mu 1856, anatumikira m’Tchalitchi cha Intercession, chomwe chinali ku Mlyny (tsopano ku Poland). Kumeneko anatenga udindo wa wansembe wa Chikatolika wa ku Greece. Kumeneko ndi kumene anakhala zaka zomalizira za moyo wake.
Dziwani kuti Mikhail Verbitsky ankakhala wovutika kwambiri. Ngakhale maudindo apamwamba pa nthawi imeneyo, olemera nyimbo cholowa - Verbitsky sanali yolipirira. Sanafune chuma.
Mbiri ya kulengedwa kwa National Anthem ya Ukraine
Mu 1863, adalemba nyimbo za ndakatulo za Chiyukireniya wolemba ndakatulo P. Chubinsky "Ukraine sichinafebe." Mbiri ya kulengedwa kwa nyimboyi inayamba chaka chapitacho. Pa nthawi imeneyi m’pamene Paulo analemba ndakatulo imene tatchulayi.
Pafupifupi atangomaliza kulemba ndakatulo, bwenzi Chubinsky, Lysenko, analemba limodzi ndi nyimbo ndi vesi. Nyimbo yolembedwa inamveka m'dera la Ukraine kwa nthawi ndithu, koma sanapeze kufalitsidwa kwakukulu. Koma kokha mu co-olemba Verbitsky ndi Chubynsky nyimbo unakhazikitsidwa kukumbukira anthu Chiyukireniya.
Pambuyo pa kutukuka kwa moyo waku Ukraine wokonda dziko lawo komanso wauzimu, m'zaka za m'ma 60 za m'ma XNUMX, m'magazini ya Lviv, ndakatulo yakuti "Ukraine sanamwalire" inasindikizidwa. Vesili linachititsa chidwi Mikhail ndi kupepuka kwake komanso nthawi yomweyo kukonda dziko lako. Poyamba, iye analemba nyimbo kuti aziimba yekha limodzi ndi gitala, koma posakhalitsa anagwira ntchito mwakhama zikuchokera, ndipo anali oyenerera bwino kuimba kwaya zonse.
"Ukraine sanafe" imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwa kumvetsetsa mbiri yakale ya anthu aku Ukraine. Monga nyimbo ya fuko, nyimboyi idadziwika ndi olemba ndakatulo aku Ukraine.
Mikhail Verbitsky: Tsatanetsatane wa moyo wake
Zimadziwika kuti adakwatiwa kawiri. Mkazi woyamba amene anakwanitsa kukongoletsa mtima wa wolemba anali wokongola Austrian dzina lake Barbara Sener. Tsoka, adamwalira msanga.
Posakhalitsa anakwatiranso kachiwiri. Mpaka posachedwapa, ankakhulupirira kuti mkazi wachiwiri anali French. Koma ganizoli silinatsimikizidwe. Tsoka ilo, mkazi wachiwiri nayenso sanakhale ndi moyo wautali. Anabereka mwana wamwamuna Verbitsky, yemwe banjali linamutcha Andrey.
Zochititsa chidwi za Mikhail Verbitsky
- Chida choimbira chomwe Mikhail amakonda kwambiri ndi gitala.
- Pa moyo wake waufupi, iye analemba 12 oimba rhapsodies, 8 symphonic overtures, atatu kwaya ndi mapolonaise angapo.
- Olemba mbiri ya moyo wake amatsimikizira kuti iye anakhala wosauka. Nthawi zambiri patebulo pake pankangokhala maapulo. Nthawi zovuta kwambiri zinafika m'nyengo yophukira-yozizira.
- Analota kupanga nyimbo za ndakatulo za Taras Shevchenko.
- Michael anakhala wansembe n’cholinga choti azipeza ndalama. Kutumikira Mulungu sikunali kuitanidwa kwake.
Zaka zomaliza za moyo wa Mikhail Verbitsky
Mpaka masiku otsiriza a moyo wake, iye sanasiye ntchito yake yaikulu - analemba nyimbo. Komanso, Mikhail analemba nkhani ndi kuchita ntchito pedagogical.
Anakhala zaka zomaliza za moyo wake ku Mlyny. Anamwalira pa December 7, 1870. Pa nthawi ya imfa yake, wolemba nyimboyo anali ndi zaka 55 zokha.
Choyamba, mtanda wamba wa thundu unayikidwa pamanda a wolemba nyimbo wotchuka. Koma m'ma 30s m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX zapitazi, pa malo a maliro Verbitsky anamangidwa.
