Miles Davis - May 26, 1926 (Alton) - September 28, 1991 (Santa Monica)
Woimba wa jazz waku America, woimba lipenga wotchuka yemwe adakhudza luso lakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1940.
Chiyambi cha njira yolenga ya Miles Dewey Davis
Davis anakulira ku East St. Louis, Illinois, kumene bambo ake anali dokotala wa opaleshoni wamano wopambana. M’zaka zakumapeto, nthawi zambiri ankalankhula za mmene anakulira.
Otsutsa ankakhulupirira kuti anakulira muumphaŵi ndi kuzunzika, popeza mkhalidwe wotero unali wofala kwa akatswiri ambiri otchuka a jazi. Miles anayamba kuphunzira lipenga ali wachinyamata.
Kusewera kwa Davies nthawi zina kunali "kovuta" ndipo sikukhala kogwirizana nthawi zonse, koma kamvekedwe kake kake, kamvekedwe kake komanso kamvekedwe kake ka nyimbo kamaposa zolephera zake zaukadaulo.
Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1950, Davis adasintha zovuta zake kukhala zopindulitsa kwambiri. M'malo motengera zomwe zilipo kale, zofuula za atsogoleri a bebop ngati Gillespie, Davis adafufuza kaundula wa lipenga lapakati.
Wojambulayo anayesa zomveka komanso nyimbo zake komanso kusinthasintha kalembedwe kake.
Kupatulapo zochepa, kalembedwe kake ka nyimbo kanali kophweka, kutengera zolemba za kotala komanso kulemera kwabwino. Zongopeka zanyimbo, tempo ndi mawu muzosintha zake zinali zapadera.
Davis adasewera ndi magulu a jazi m'dera la St. Louis ndipo adasamukira ku New York mu 1944 kukaphunzira ku Institute of Musical Arts (tsopano Juilliard School).
Ngakhale woyimba lipenga adaphonya makalasi ambiri, m'malo mwake adaphunzitsidwa magawo a kupanikizana ndi ambuye monga Dizzy Gillespie ndi Charlie Parker. Davis ndi Parker nthawi zambiri ankalemba nyimbo pamodzi mu 1945-1948.
Jazi yabwino komanso jazi ya modal
M'chilimwe cha 1948, Davis adapanga nonet, yomwe inali ndi osewera otchuka a jazz: Gerry Mulligan, J. Johnson, Kenny Clarke ndi Lee Konitz, komanso oimba nyanga ndi tuba (zida zomwe sizipezeka kawirikawiri mu jazz).
Mulligan, Gil Evans ndi woyimba piyano John Lewis adapereka makonzedwe ambiri a gululo. Nyimbo zawo zinkaphatikiza kusinthasintha, kusinthika kwa bebop ndi mawu omveka bwino a orchestra.
Gulu silinakhalepo nthawi yayitali, koma m'mbiri yake yaying'ono idalemba nyimbo khumi ndi ziwiri, zomwe zidatulutsidwa ngati zosawerengeka (1949-1950).
Zolemba izi zinasintha kalembedwe ka jazi ndikutsegula njira ya West Coast ya m'ma 1950. Mtundu uwu pambuyo pake udapangidwanso pa album Birth of the Cool (1957).
Matenda Odwala
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1950, Davis anali kuthetsa vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo lomwe linakhudza kusewera kwake. Koma adakwanitsabe kujambula ma Albums omwe ali m'gulu la nyimbo zake zabwino kwambiri.
Anthu otchuka a Jazz monga Sonny Rollins, Milt Jackson ndi Thelonious Monk adagwira nawo ntchito.
Mu 1954, atagonjetsa chizoloŵezi chake cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo, Davis adalowa m'zaka ziwiri zomwe adadziwika kuti ndi woimba nyimbo zatsopano kwambiri mu jazz.
Nthawi yatsopano ya ntchito ya wojambula
M'zaka za m'ma 1950, Miles adapanga magulu ang'onoang'ono a jazi. Anali ndi nthano za saxophone John Coltrane ndi Cannonball Adderley, piano Red Garland ndi Bill Evans, bassist Paul Chambers, ndi Philly drummer Joe Jones ndi Jimmy Cobb.
Ma Albamu a Davis omwe adajambulidwa panthawiyi, kuphatikiza Around Midnight (1956), Workin (1956), Steamin (1956), Relaxin (1956) ndi Milestones (1958), adakhudzidwa ndi ntchito ya oimba ena ambiri.
Anamaliza nthawi imeneyi ya ntchito yake ndi Kind of Blue (1959), mwina nyimbo yotchuka kwambiri m'mbiri ya jazi. Chimbale chofewa, chokhazikika cham'mbuyo chinali ndi zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri zojambulidwa zamawonekedwe a jazz modal.
Mwa iwo, zosinthika zimakhazikitsidwa pazigawo "zochepa" ndi masikelo osagwirizana, osati pazovuta, zosintha pafupipafupi.
Woyambitsa jazz ya modal
Miles Davis m'ma 1950 adapanga njira yatsopano mu nyimbo - modal jazi. Anachita kalembedwe kameneka pa lipenga, ndipo saxophonist John Coltrane anakhala munthu wamaganizo ofanana ndi kalembedwe kameneka.
Mtundu wa modal unali woyenera kwa anthu omwe amangokhalira kuimba nyimbo. Jazz ya Modal inali ndi ma modal komanso aulere. Zinandilola kuyesera kwambiri ndi nyimbo.
Khalidwe lotsika mtengoli lapangitsa kuti chimbale cha Mtundu wa Blue chiziwike pakati pa okonda jazi.
Idatulutsidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi zojambulira zamagulu ang'onoang'ono, ma Albamu a Davis (omwe adakonzedwa ndi Gil Evans): "Miles Ahead" (1957), "Porgy ndi Bess" (1958) ndi "Essays ku Spain" (1960) Zinapangidwanso ngati modal jazz.
Mgwirizano pakati pa Davis ndi Evans udadziwika ndi machitidwe ovuta, kuyang'ana pafupifupi kofanana kwa oimba ndi oimba payekha, komanso machitidwe ena amphamvu kwambiri a Davis.
Davis ndi Evans adagwirizana nthawi zina m'zaka zapitazi, koma zomwe adapanga sizinali zodziwika bwino komanso zazikulu monga momwe zidaliri pama Album atatu apamwambawa.
Jazz yaulere ndi fusion
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1960 inali nthawi yosinthira, yocheperako kwa Miles, ngakhale nyimbo zake ndi kusewera kwake zidakhala zapamwamba kwambiri.
Kumapeto kwa 1962, anayamba kupanga gulu lina laling’ono, limene linakhala lalikulu.
