Mapangidwe a Chiyukireniya dziko opera zisudzo kugwirizana ndi dzina la Oksana Andreevna Petrusenko. 6 okha zaka zochepa Oksana Petrusenko anakhala pa Kyiv siteji opera. Koma kwa zaka zambiri, atadzazidwa ndi kufufuza kulenga ndi ntchito zouziridwa, adapeza malo olemekezeka pakati pa akatswiri a luso la opera la ku Ukraine monga: M. I. Litvinenko-Wolgemut, S. M. Gaidai, M. I. Donets, I. S. Patorzhinsky , Yu. S. Kiporenko-Damansky ndi ena.
Panthawi imeneyi, dzina la Oksana Petrusenko linatchuka kwambiri osati ku Ukraine kokha, komanso kunja, komwe adachita zisudzo kapena zoimbaimba. Chinsinsi cha kupambana kwake chinali mu kudzidzimutsa ndi kuwona mtima kwa ntchito yake, mu kumverera kwachidwi komwe Oksana Andreevna adatha kufotokoza kukongola kwa nyimbo ya anthu, kuya kwa malingaliro a heroine a opera. Oksana Petrusenko anali ndi talente yodzutsa chisangalalo chambiri mwa omvera, kuti asangalatse mitima ya anthu.
Ubwana ndi unyamata wa Ammayi Oksana Petrusenko
Ksenia Borodavkina anabadwa pa February 18, 1900 ku Balaklava (pafupi ndi Sevastopol). Bambo ake, Andrei Borodavka, anali ochokera ku Malaya Balakliya, dera la Kharkov. Anafika ku Sevastopol chifukwa cha utumiki wake monga woyendetsa ngalawa mu Black Sea Fleet, kumene dzina lake lomaliza linalembedwanso kwa Wartkin. Amayi a Xenia, a Maria Kuleshova, anali ochokera m'chigawo cha Oryol.
Zinali kuchokera kwa abambo ake, omwe anali ndi mawu okongola, kuti Xenia analandira talente ya woimba. Ngakhale kuti mtsikanayo sankadziwa bambo ake. Chakumapeto kwa 1901, anamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Amayi anakwatiwanso, koma mwamuna watsopanoyo ankaledzera kwambiri. Kuyambira zaka 14 Ksenia ntchito tsiku lililonse pa doko la Sevastopol, anaimba kwaya tchalitchi ndi zoimbaimba ankachita masewera. Ali ndi zaka 18, adathawa kunyumba ndi gulu la nyimbo ndi masewero a Stepan Glazunenko. Umu unayamba moyo wake wokaona malo.
Patatha miyezi iwiri, Ksenia adawonekera mu Kherson Theatre mu malaya a msilikali ndi nsapato zazikulu za msilikali, zomwe zinatsogoleredwa ndi Ivan Sagatovsky. Anamulandira mtsikanayo m’gululo. Mkazi wake (Ekaterina Luchitskaya) anayamba kuphunzitsa Ammayi wamng'ono mfundo za khalidwe pa siteji. Popanda maphunziro apadera, adaphunzira mbali za opera Zaporozhets kupyola Danube (S. Gulak-Artemovsky) ndi Natalka Poltavka (N. Lysenko) ndi khutu. Iye anachita monga soloist-woimba nyimbo zowerengeka. Anaphunziranso mbali yovuta ya Tamara mu sewero lomaliza la opera yotchedwa The Demon (yolemba A. Rubinstein).
Chiyambi cha njira yolenga
Atachoka ku Sevastopol ndi gulu limodzi lamagulu amtundu waku Ukraine, Oksana Andreevna chakumapeto kwa 1918 adalowa nawo gulu la State Ukraine Drama Theatre, lotsogozedwa ndi I. L. Saratovsky. Inali gawo lofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa kulenga kwa wojambula.
Mu zisudzo, iye anapeza mabwenzi enieni ndi alangizi, anaphunzira maziko olimba othandiza a stagecraft. Apa luso lake loimba ndi mawu linakula. I. L. Saratovsky ndi mutu wa mtembo K. L. Luzhitskaya Oksana ankaona aphunzitsi ndipo anakhalabe ofunda nawo. P. P. Boychenko (wochititsa zisudzo) mwadongosolo anaphunzira mbali ndi Petrusenko.
Iye anadzaza ndi mtima wonse wophunzira wake luso, ndipo patapita kanthawi iye anakhala mkazi wake. Koma ukwati sunakhalitse chifukwa cha mikangano kawirikawiri ndi kusagwirizana pa nkhani ya kulenga. Mu 1920, Oksana Andreevna, monga mbali ya gulu la I. L. Saratovsky, anapita ndi zoimbaimba ku Perekop Front.
Mu 1922, adagwiranso ntchito m'gulu loyang'aniridwa ndi I. L. Saratovsky. Chidwi pakati pa omvera chinachepa msanga. Oksana Andreevna anaona kufunika kowonjezera luso lake la mawu. Komanso ankafuna maphunziro aakulu ndi mwadongosolo, choncho anapita ku Kiev. Ndipo mu 1924 iye anakhala wophunzira wa luso mawu wa State Music ndi Drama Institute. N. Lysenko.
Ulendo
Kenako, Oksana Petrusenko anaitanidwa ku zisudzo "Wofesa". Komabe, mu 1926 anabwereranso ku bwalo lake la zisudzo, motsogoleredwa ndi I. L. Saratovsky. Apa nthawi zambiri ankakumana ndi Coryphaeus wa Chiyukireniya zisudzo P. K. Saksagansky, amene anabwera kuno pa ulendo. Wojambula wamkulu adayang'ana mwachidwi ntchito ya Oksana wamng'ono, adamulangiza, ndikuwulula zinsinsi za luso lazojambula zenizeni.
Mu 1926-1927. masewero a I. L. Saratovsky anayenda m'mizinda ikuluikulu pa Volga - Saratov, Samara, Kazan, etc. Kwa iye, ichi ndi chiyeso chatsopano cha mphamvu za kulenga. Ku Saratov, Oksana Andreevna anali ndi misonkhano yosangalatsa ndi akatswiri a zisudzo. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi kondakitala wotchuka Ya. A. Posen, wachiwiri ndi operatic tenor M. E. Medvedev. Onse a Medvedev ndi Posen ndi anthu otopa ndi matamando komanso osatha kuyamikira. Koma, atamvetsera kwa Oksana Andreevna mu zisudzo zingapo, ojambulawo sanalepheretse malingaliro awo kapena kuyamika pa luso lake. Iwo analangiza Petrusenko kuti apite ku siteji ya opera, kumene angasonyeze chuma cha mawu opera.
Oksana Petrusenko: Opera Ntchito
Pa ulendo wa zisudzo ku Kazan, Oksana Petrusenko anavomera utsogoleri wa Kazan Opera Theatre kuimba mbali ya Oksana mu opera Cherevichki (P. Tchaikovsky). Atachita bwino, adalowa nawo zisudzo.
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo anayamba "Opera" nthawi ya ntchito Petrusenko zisudzo. Zinatha ndi kubwerera ku siteji Chiyukireniya monga kale anazindikira mbuye wa zisudzo. Kudziwana kwa Oksana Andreevna ndi wojambula V. D. Moskalenko ndi nthawi ya Kazan, yomwe posakhalitsa anakwatira. Poyamba, V. D. Moskalenko anathandiza kwambiri woimbayo mu maphunziro ake amawu.
Kuyambira 1927 mpaka 1929 Oksana Andreevna anaimba mbali zambiri za opera pa siteji ya Kazan. Zina mwa izo zinali mbali za Aida kuchokera ku opera Aida (D. Verdi). Komanso Lisa ndi Tatyana kuchokera ku zisudzo The Queen of Spades ndi Eugene Onegin (P. Tchaikovsky), etc. Kuyambira 1929-1931. wojambula anachita pa siteji ya Sverdlovsk Opera.
Mu 1931, wojambula anasamukira ku Samara, kumene anagwira ntchito pa nyumba ya zisudzo mpaka 1934. Repertoire ya woimbayo inali ndi maudindo ambiri kuchokera ku zisudzo zakale ndi zaku Russia. Wojambula wa Chiyukireniya Drama Theatre anakhala katswiri woimba. Kusintha kwa Oksana Andreevna kupita ku siteji ya opera yaku Ukraine kunali kwachilengedwe komanso kovomerezeka.
Mu 1934, likulu la Ukraine linasamutsidwa kuchoka ku Kharkov kupita ku Kyiv. Ndipo luso lapamwamba la Ukraine linakopeka ndi nyumba ya opera, Oksana Petrusenko nayenso anaitanidwa kuno. ntchito yake yoyamba mu opera Aida (D. Verdi) yomweyo anatsimikiza malo waukulu wa woimba watsopano mu gulu la zisudzo.
Kuzindikiridwa ndi kupambana
Pa May 12, 1935, chikondwerero cha 75th cha kubadwa kwake chinakondweretsedwa mu chikhalidwe cha chikondwerero ku Kiev Opera House. Komanso chikumbutso cha 50 cha ntchito ya P.K. Saksagansky. Chikumbutsochi chinali ndi tanthauzo lapadera komanso lophiphiritsa. Wojambula wotchuka ankawoneka kuti akudutsa ndodo yolenga ku nyumba yachinyamata ya opera ya ku Ukraine. Ntchito yoyamba ndi yachitatu ya opera Natalka Poltavka inaperekedwa pa chikumbutso madzulo.
Udindo wa Vozny ankaimba P. K. Saksagansky ndi A. M. Buchma, udindo wa Natasha ankaimba ndi M. I. Litvinenko-Wolgemut ndi O. A. Petrusenko, udindo wa Vyborn ankaimba M. I. Donets ndi I. S. Patorzhinsky. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, dzina la Oksana Andreevna Petrusenko linawala pafupi ndi mayina a ambuye otchuka a zochitika za opera za ku Ukraine.
Pasanathe zaka 10 zapita chiyambi cha Kyiv Opera House, pamene mu March 1936 gulu achinyamata anasonyeza bwino luso la Soviet Ukraine mu zaka khumi oyambirira Moscow. Kievans anasonyeza zisudzo atatu pa siteji ya Bolshoi Theatre: "The Cossack kupitirira Danube" (S. Gulak-Artemovsky), "Natalka Poltavka" (N. Lysenko) ndi "The Snow Maiden" (N. Rimsky-Korsakov) . Woimba wa opera ali wotanganidwa mu zoimbaimba atatu - mu mbali za Daria, Natalia ndi Kupava, osiyana khalidwe. Wojambulayo adapatsidwa mwayi wowonetsa talente yake yolemera komanso luso la mawu.
Kutchuka kwa wojambula
Zomwe woimbayo adachita m'masiku khumi adakopa chidwi cha oimba kwa iye. Anakhala mlendo wolandiridwa m'holo zoimbaimba za Leningrad, Moscow ndi mizinda ina. Utsogoleri wa Bolshoi Theatre anapereka Oksana Andreevna kupita ku Moscow siteji. Koma pang'onopang'ono, iye anaganiza kuti asachoke ku Kiev Theatre, amene ankaona ogwirizana.
M'zaka zotsiriza za moyo wake Ammayi wotchuka anali yokangalika. Anakonza maudindo angapo atsopano, omwe anali: Leya mu opera Shchors (B. Lyatoshinsky), Lushka mu opera ya Virgin Dothi Lopunduka (I. Dzerzhinsky) ndi Natalia mu opera ya Kulowa Mkuntho (T. Khrennikova). wojambula anapereka zoimbaimba mu Donbass, mu zisudzo mafoni m'mizinda ya Ukraine. Woimbayo ali ndi chidwi chapadera anathandizira chitukuko cha zisudzo za ana amateur ndi zisudzo zankhondo za Soviet Army.
Iye anapitiriza kulankhula ndi oimba otchuka, mofunitsitsa ankaimba nyimbo zawo. Wojambulayo anali mlendo wokhazikika wa gulu la olemba. Paulendo wofalitsa zabodza ku Western Ukraine mu 1939, Oksana anaimba mouziridwa nyimbo yakuti "Ukraine Wanga, Ukraine" (nyimbo - D. Pokrass, mawu - V. Lebedev-Kumach). Zolembazo zidadziwika kwambiri, anthu adafuna kuti azisewera pamakonsati aliwonse. Oksana Andreevna adayimba mosatsagana nawo pamsonkhano womaliza wa People's Assembly ku Lvov. Kumeneko anaganiza zogwirizanitsa Western Ukraine ndi Ukraine SSR.
Imfa ya woimbayo
The zoimbaimba wotsiriza wosayerekezeka opera diva zinachitika mu Lvov, kumene mu June 1940 Opera ndi Ballet Theatre dzina lake. T. G. Shevchenko mumzinda wa Kyiv.
Pa July 15, 1940, moyo wa Oksana Petrusenko unatha mwadzidzidzi. Mimba yachiwiri ya woimbayo inamupha. Pa July 8, 1940, ku Kyiv, anabala mwana wamwamuna, Alexander, ndipo anamwalira mwadzidzidzi patatha mlungu umodzi. Mtundu wovomerezeka ndi magazi omwe "adasweka" mwadzidzidzi. Panali mphekesera kuti chifukwa cha imfa chinali poizoni. Mkazi wa Marshal Timoshenko, yemwe adakondwera ndi woimbayo ndipo adafuna kuti amutengere ku Moscow, adapereka chiphuphu kwa namwinoyo, poopa kuti mwamuna wake amusiya.
Oksana Petrusenko: mfundo zosangalatsa
Pamene anzake ndi abwenzi anali adani a anthu, mkulu wa zisudzo Yanovsky pa mafunso, ananena kuti Oksana Petrusenko anali kupita ku Italy. Ndipo mwina osati paulendo. Kuneneza uku kunali koopsa. Oksana anaganiza kuti asadikire tsiku lake lachiwonongeko. Anatenga chingwe n’kupanga lupu. Mnzake Alla adamupeza atatsekera khosi. Begichev Usiku womwewo, akazi awiriwa anapita ku Moscow mobisa. Pali Baibulo limene Voroshilov anateteza woimba wake wokondedwa. Anabwezeretsedwa kuntchito.
Ngakhale nsanje abwenzi ndi maphunziro, panalibe mipando mu holo pa zisudzo ndi kutenga nawo mbali Petrusenko. Opera diva anali anzake a Pavel Tychina, Maxim Rylsky, Vladimir Sosiura. Anapanga chithandizo cha wojambula wosadziwika Ekaterina Bilokur. Analandira positi khadi kuchokera kwa Stalin. Iye sanalole kuitana kusamukira ku Moscow ndi kukhala soloist wa Bolshoi Theatre.
Nthawi ya Chiyukireniya ya njira yovuta ya kulenga ya Oksana Petrusenko sinali yophweka - ulemerero wa dziko ndi ngozi yaikulu. Panthawiyo, Marshal Semyon Timoshenko analamulira chigawo chapadera cha asilikali ku Kyiv. N’zokayikitsa kuti anali munthu wokonda zisudzo. M'nthawi ya Stalin, panali mwambo mu gulu osankhika - kusankha ambuye pakati oimba kapena zisudzo. Ndiye Marshal Timoshenko nthawi zonse anali pafupi ndi Oksana Petrusenko. Panali maluwa a maluwa ofiira, maonekedwe achikondi kwa omvera. Palibe chidziwitso chosonyeza kuti wojambulayo adavomereza kukhala pachibwenzi ndi mkulu wa asilikali.
Ngakhale luso lake ndi dzina lalikulu, Oksana Petrusenko anakhalabe mkazi wosavuta ndi woona mtima. Adawululira dziko lapansi talente ya Ekaterina Bilokur. Wojambula wapachiyambi, atamva nyimbo yamtundu wa Oksana Petrusenko pa wailesi, adamulembera kalata yopempha thandizo, kuphatikizapo zojambula zake zingapo. Oksana anapereka kalatayi kwa akatswiri a Central House of Folk Art. Ndipo ntchito inadza kwa Ekaterina Bilokur, ndipo patapita nthawi, Paris adakonda kale zojambula zake.
Pamaliro
Pa July 17, 1940, mwambo wa malirowo unayenda makilomita angapo. Oksana Petrusenko anaikidwa m'manda ku Baykove ku Kyiv, pafupi ndi tchalitchi. Pamene anatulutsidwa m’nyumba ya zisudzo pa tsiku la mwambo wa maliro, Kyiv anakumana naye ndi kuwomba m’manja kwakukulu, monganso m’moyo wake. Khamu lalikulu lomwe silinachitikepo lidatsatira prima donna kupita kumanda a Baikove ndifunde lalikulu. "Ukrainian Nightingale" anakhala chete, ndipo zokambirana ndi mikangano anapitiriza. Mu 2010, pa facade ya Sevastopol Academic Russian Drama Theatre. Lunacharsky, chipilala cha chikumbutso chinatsegulidwa. M’miyezi iwiri yokha inaphwanyidwa ndi owononga.
