Pearl Jam ndi gulu la rock laku America. Gululi lidatchuka kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990. Pearl Jam ndi amodzi mwa magulu ochepa omwe ali mugulu la nyimbo za grunge.
Chifukwa cha chimbale kuwonekera koyamba kugulu, amene gulu anamasulidwa mu 1990 oyambirira, oimba anapeza kutchuka kwawo koyamba. Ichi ndi gulu la khumi. Ndipo tsopano za gulu la Pearl Jam mu manambala. Pazaka zopitilira 20, gululi latulutsa:
- Albums 11 zazitali zazitali;
- 2 mini-mbale;
- 8 zosonkhanitsira makonsati;
- 4 ma DVD;
- 32 osakwatiwa;
- 263 mabotolo ovomerezeka.
Pakadali pano, ma Albums opitilira 3 miliyoni agulitsidwa ku United States of America komanso pafupifupi 60 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi.
Pearl Jam amaonedwa kuti ndi amodzi mwa magulu otchuka kwambiri m'zaka khumi zapitazi. Stephen Thomas Erlewine wa All Music adatcha gululo "gulu lodziwika kwambiri la rock and roll la ku America m'ma 1990s". Pa Epulo 7, 2017, Pearl Jam adalowetsedwa mu Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Mbiri ya chilengedwe ndi mapangidwe a gulu la Pearl Jam
Zonse zidayamba ndi oimba Stone Gossard ndi Jeff Ament. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, adapanga ubongo wawo woyamba, womwe unkatchedwa Mayi Love Bone.
Zonse zinkayenda bwino kwambiri. Okonda nyimbo anali ndi chidwi ndi gulu latsopanolo. Anyamatawo adapezanso mafani awo oyamba. Komabe, zonse zidasintha pambuyo pa imfa ya woimba wazaka 24 Andrew Wood mu 1990. Oimbawo anathetsa gululo, ndipo posakhalitsa anasiya kulankhulana.
Chakumapeto kwa 1990, Gossard anakumana ndi gitala Mike McCready. Anakwanitsa kumunyengerera kuti ayambenso kugwira ntchito ndi Ament. Oimba adajambulitsa chiwonetsero. Zosonkhanitsazo zili ndi nyimbo 5. Oimbawo ankafunikira woyimba ng'oma komanso woyimba payekha. Eddie Vedder (mawu) ndi Dave Krusen (ng'oma) posakhalitsa adalowa gululo.
Poyankhulana, Vedder adanena kuti dzina la Pearl Jam likuimira agogo ake aakazi a Pearl. Malinga ndi woimbayo, agogo aakazi ankadziwa kuphika kupanikizana kokoma komanso kosangalatsa kuchokera ku peyote (cactus yomwe ili ndi mescaline).
Komabe, chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 2000, mtundu wina unawonekera mu Rolling Stone. Ament ndi McCready ananena kuti atenge dzina lakuti Pearl (kuchokera ku Chingerezi "pearl").
Pambuyo pa sewero la Neil Young, pomwe nyimbo iliyonse idatalikitsidwa mpaka mphindi 20 chifukwa chakusintha, otenga nawo mbali adaganiza zowonjezera mawu akuti Jam. Mu nyimbo, mawu oti "kupanikizana" ayenera kumveka ngati njira yolumikizirana kapena yodziyimira pawokha.
Kuyamba kwa Pearl Jam
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1990, oimbawo anayamba kutolera zinthu zoti ajambule chimbale chawo choyamba. Pearl Jam adakulitsa discography yawo ndi Ten (1991). Nyimboyi idagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi Gossard ndi Ament. McCready adanena kuti iye ndi Vedder adabwera "chifukwa cha kampani." Koma Vedder analemba mawu a nyimbo zonse.
Krusen adasiya gululi panthawi yojambulira chimbalecho. Kuimba mlandu kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Posakhalitsa woimbayo adasinthidwa ndi Matt Chamberlain. Koma sanakhalitse mu timuyi. Malo ake adatengedwa ndi Dave Abruzizes.
Chimbale choyambirira chinali ndi nyimbo 11. Oimbawo ankaimba za kupha, kudzipha, kusungulumwa komanso kuvutika maganizo. Panyimbo, zosonkhanitsirazo zinali pafupi ndi rock yachikale, yophatikizidwa ndi mawu ogwirizana komanso mawu ngati anthem.
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti poyamba albumyi inavomerezedwa ndi anthu m'malo mozizira. Koma kale mu 1992 Album khumi analandira udindo wa "golide". Idafika pachimake pa nambala 2 pa Billboard. Chojambulacho chinakhala pa tchati cha nyimbo kwa zaka zoposa ziwiri. Zotsatira zake, adakhala platinamu nthawi 13.
Otsutsa nyimbo adavomereza kuti mamembala a Pearl Jam "adakwera sitima ya grunge pa nthawi yoyenera." Komabe, oimba okha anali "sitima ya grunge". Album yawo Ten inagunda masabata anayi m'mbuyomo kuposa Nevermind ya Nirvana. Mu 2020, khumi adagulitsa makope opitilira 13 miliyoni ku United States kokha.
Kuwonetsedwa kwama Albums atsopano
Mu 1993, zojambula za Pearl Jam zidawonjezeredwanso ndi chimbale chachiwiri. Ndi za zosonkhanitsira Vs. Kutulutsidwa kwa chimbale chatsopanocho kunali ngati bomba. Mu sabata yoyamba yogulitsa yokha, pafupifupi makope 1 miliyoni a mbiriyo adagulitsidwa. Rockers adatha kuswa zolemba zamitundu yonse.
Kuphatikiza kotsatira, Vitalogy, idakhala chimbale chachiwiri chogulitsidwa mwachangu m'mbiri. Kwa sabata imodzi, mafani adagulitsa makope 877. Zinali zopambana.
Mu 1998, okonda nyimbo adamva Yield. Kutulutsidwa kwa zosonkhanitsira kudadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a clip. Kuti achite izi, oimba a Pearl Jam adalemba ntchito Todd McFarlane. Posakhalitsa mafani anali kusangalala ndi kanema wa nyimbo ya Do the Evolution.
Patapita nthawi, filimu yowonetsera Single Video Theory inatulutsidwa. Iye anafotokoza nkhani zosangalatsa zokhudza kupanga vidiyo yakuti Do the Evolution.
Kuchokera ku mbiri ya Binaural, yomwe inatulutsidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, "mafani" a Pearl Jam anayamba kudziwana ndi woyimba ng'oma watsopano Matt Cameron. Chochititsa chidwi n’chakuti, woimbayo amatengedwabe ngati membala wa gululo.
Kuchepetsa kutchuka kwa gulu
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000 sikungatchulidwe kuti ndi kopambana kwa gulu la rock la America. Pambuyo pa kuperekedwa kwa chimbale cha Binaural, oimba adagwa pang'ono. Zopereka zomwe zidaperekedwa zidakhala nyimbo yoyamba mu discography ya Pearl Jam, yomwe idalephera kupita ku platinamu.
Zinalibe kanthu poyerekeza ndi zomwe zinachitika panthawi ya ntchito ku Roskilde ku Denmark. Mfundo ndi yakuti pa konsati ya gulu anthu 9 anafa. Iwo anapondedwa. Mamembala a Pearl Jam adadabwa ndi chochitika ichi. Adaletsa ma concert angapo ndikulengeza kwa mafani kuti ayimitsa kwakanthawi kocheza.
Zochitika za Roskilde zidapangitsa kuti mamembala a gululo aganizire za mtundu wa nyimbo zomwe amapanga. Chimbale chatsopano cha Riot Act (2002) chidakhala chanyimbo, chofewa komanso chankhanza. Nyimbo ya Arc idaperekedwa kwa mafani omwe adamwalira pansi paphazi la anthu.
Mu 2006, gulu la discography lidawonjezeredwa ndi chimbale cha Pearl Jam cha dzina lomweli. Kuphatikizikako kunasonyeza kuti gululo likubwereranso ku mawu awo odziwika bwino a grunge. Kwa nthawi yoyamba m'zaka zapitazi za 15, Backspacer adatsogolera pa chartboard ya Billboard 200. Kupambana kwa mbiriyi kunatsimikiziridwa ndi nyimbo ya Just Breathe.
Mu 2011, oimba adapereka chimbale chawo choyamba, Live on Ten Legs. Zosonkhanitsazo zinalandiridwa mwachikondi ndi mafani ndi otsutsa nyimbo.
2011 anali wolemera osati zachilendo nyimbo. Polemekeza chikumbutso cha 20 gulu, oimba anapereka filimu "Ndife makumi awiri". Kanemayo anali ndi zowonera komanso zoyankhulana ndi mamembala a Pearl Jam.
Patapita zaka zingapo, gulu discography anadzazidwa ndi khumi situdiyo Album. Zosonkhanitsazo zinkatchedwa Lightning Bolt. Mu 2015, chimbalecho chinapatsidwa Mphotho ya Grammy ya Best Visual Design.
Mtundu ndi mphamvu ya Pearl Jam
Nyimbo za Pearl Jam zinali zaukali komanso zolemetsa poyerekeza ndi magulu ena a grunge. Ili pafupi ndi thanthwe lachikale lakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970.
Ntchito ya gululi idakhudzidwa ndi: The Who, Led Zeppelin, Neil Young, Kiss, Dead Boys ndi Ramones. Kutchuka ndi kuvomereza kwa nyimbo za Pearl Jam kungabwere chifukwa cha phokoso lawo lodziwika bwino, lomwe limaphatikizapo "mabwalo a rock riffs a 1970s ndi matumbo ndi ukali wa 1980s post-punk, popanda kunyoza mbedza ndi nyimbo."
Chimbale chilichonse cha gululi ndichoyesera, mwatsopano komanso chitukuko. Vedder analankhula za mfundo yakuti mamembala a gulu ankafuna kuti phokoso la nyimbo likhale losagwira bwino, popanda mbedza.
Pearl Jam: mfundo zosangalatsa
- Gossard ndi Jeff Ament anali mamembala a gulu lochita upainiya la grunge Green River chapakati pa 1980s.
- Khumi adaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa Rolling Stone wa "The 500 Greatest Rock Albums".
- Nyimbo zoyimba Brother, zomwe zidaphatikizidwa pakutulutsidwanso kwa chimbale cha Ten. Mu 2009, idakwera ma chart aku America ndi rock ngati imodzi. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti nyimboyi idajambulidwa ndikutulutsidwa mu 1991.
- Nyimboyi Ten idatchedwa wosewera wa National Basketball Association Mookie Blaylock (anavala nambala 10).
- Guitar riff (yomwe inali maziko a nyimbo ya In Hiding, kuchokera ku album ya Yield) inalembedwa ndi Gossard pa chojambulira cha microcassette.
Pearl Jam lero
Kuyambira 2013, Pearl Jam sanawonjezere nyimbo zatsopano ku discography yake. Ichi ndi cholembera cha oimba amtundu uwu. Nthawi yonseyi, gululi linkayenda ndi makonsati awo m’madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, panali mphekesera kuti oimba posachedwapa kumasula 11 situdiyo Albums.
Gulu la Pearl Jam silinakhumudwitse mafani, mu 2020 oimba adatulutsa chimbale cha studio Gigaton. Idatsogoleredwa ndi nyimbo zovina za Clairvoyantsruen, Superblood Wolfmoonruen ndi Quick Escaperuen. Chimbalecho chinalandira ndemanga zabwino kuchokera kwa otsutsa.
Mu 2021, gululi likondwerera zaka 30. Malinga ndi atolankhani, Pearl Jam akonzekera mbiri ya nyimbo zabwino kwambiri kapena filimu yolembedwa pazochitika zazikulu.
