Gulu lomwe lili pansi pa dzina lalikulu la REM lidawonetsa nthawi yomwe post-punk idayamba kusintha kukhala thanthwe lina, nyimbo yawo Radio Free Europe (1981) idayamba kuyenda kosasunthika kwa America mobisa.
Ngakhale kuti kunali magulu angapo a hardcore ndi punk ku United States kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, linali gulu la R.E.M. lomwe linapereka mphepo yachiwiri ku gulu la nyimbo za indie pop.
Kuphatikiza gitala ndi kuyimba kosamveka, gululi linkamveka ngati lamakono, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo linali ndi chiyambi chachikhalidwe.
Oimbawo sanapange zatsopano zowala, koma anali payekha komanso zolinga. Imeneyo ndiyo inali mfungulo ya chipambano chawo.
M'zaka za m'ma 1980, gululi linkagwira ntchito mwakhama, kutulutsa nyimbo zatsopano chaka chilichonse komanso kuyendayenda nthawi zonse. Gululo lidachita osati pazigawo zazikulu zokha, komanso m'malo owonetserako zisudzo, komanso m'mizinda yomwe ili ndi anthu ochepa.
Abambo a Alternative Pop
Mofananamo, oimbawo anauzira anzawo ena. Kuyambira magulu a nyimbo za m'ma 1980 mpaka m'ma 1990s.
Gululi linatenga zaka zingapo kuti lifike pamwamba pa ma chart. Adapeza mwayi wawo wachipembedzo potulutsa EP Chronic Town yawo yoyamba mu 1982. Chimbalecho chimachokera ku phokoso la nyimbo zamtundu ndi rock. Kuphatikizika uku kunakhala phokoso la "signature" ya gulu, ndipo kwa zaka zisanu zotsatira oimba adagwira ntchito ndi mitundu iyi, kukulitsa nyimbo zawo ndi ntchito zatsopano.
Mwa njira, pafupifupi ntchito zonse za gululi zinayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi otsutsa. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, chiwerengero cha mafani chinali kale chofunika kwambiri, chomwe chinatsimikizira gululo kugulitsa bwino. Ngakhale phokoso losinthika pang'ono silinayimitse gululo, ndipo mu 1987 "adaphwanya" ma chart a Top Ten ndi Album Document ndi single The One I Love.
REM pang'onopang'ono koma motsimikizika idakhala imodzi mwamagulu omwe amafunidwa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Komabe, pambuyo paulendo wotopetsa wapadziko lonse lapansi pothandizira Green (1988), gululo lidaimitsa zisudzo zawo kwa zaka 6. Oimbawo anabwerera ku studio yojambulira. Nyimbo zodziwika kwambiri za Out of Time (1991) ndi Automatic for the People (1992) zidapangidwa.
Gululi linayambiranso kuyendera ndi ulendo wa Monster mu 1995. Otsutsa ndi oimba ena azindikira kuti gululi ndi limodzi la makolo a gulu lotukuka la nyimbo zina za rock.
Oimba achichepere
Ngakhale kuti mbiri ya chilengedwe cha gulu inayamba mu Athens (Georgia) mu 1980, Mike Mills ndi Bill Berry anali akummwera okha mu timu. Onse adapita kusukulu yasekondale ku Macon, akusewera m'magulu angapo ali achinyamata.
Michael Stipe (wobadwa Januwale 4, 1960) anali mwana wankhondo, amayenda kudutsa dzikolo kuyambira ali mwana. Anapeza nyimbo ya punk ali wachinyamata kupyolera mwa Patti Smith, magulu a Televizioni ndi Waya, ndipo anayamba kusewera m'magulu ophimba ku St.
Pofika m'chaka cha 1978, adayamba kuphunzira zaluso ku yunivesite ya Georgia ku Athens, komwe adayamba kupita ku malo ogulitsira a Wuxtry.
Peter Buck (wobadwa pa Disembala 6, 1956), mbadwa yaku California, anali kalaliki musitolo yomweyo ya Wuxtry. Buck anali wokonda kusonkhanitsa ma rekodi, amawononga chilichonse kuyambira nyimbo zachikale kupita ku punk mpaka jazi. Anali atangoyamba kumene kuphunzira kuimba gitala.
Atazindikira kuti amakonda zokonda zofanana, Buck ndi Stipe adayamba kugwira ntchito limodzi, ndipo pamapeto pake adakumana ndi Berry ndi Mills kudzera mwa mnzake. Mu April 1980, gululo linasonkhana kuti lichitire phwando mnzawo. Anachita zimenezi m’tchalitchi cha Episcopal chomangidwanso. Pa nthawi imeneyo, oimba mu repertoire awo anali angapo garage psychedelic njanji ndi chikuto Mabaibulo odziwika punk nyimbo. Panthawiyo, gululi linali kusewera pansi pa dzina loti Twisted Kites.
Pofika m'chilimwe, oimba adasankha dzina lakuti REM pamene adawona mawuwa mwangozi mudikishonale. Anakumananso ndi Jefferson Holt, mtsogoleri wawo. Holt adawona gululo likuimba ku North Carolina.
Zojambulira zoyambira ndizopambana kwambiri
Kwa chaka chotsatira ndi theka, REM inayendera kum’mwera kwa United States. Zivundikiro zosiyanasiyana za rock za garage ndi nyimbo zamtundu wa rock zinkaseweredwa. M'chilimwe cha 1981, anyamatawo adalemba nyimbo yawo yoyamba ya Radio Free Europe ku Drive Mit Easter Studios. Nyimboyi, yojambulidwa patsamba la indie la Hib-Tone, idatulutsidwa m'makope 1 okha. Zambiri mwa zojambulidwazi zinathera m’manja oyenera.
Anthu adagawana nawo chidwi chawo chifukwa cha gulu latsopanoli. Singleyo posakhalitsa idakhala yotchuka. Pamwamba pamndandanda wa Best Independent Singles ("Best Independent Singles").
Nyimboyi idakopanso chidwi cha ma label akuluakulu odziyimira pawokha, ndipo pofika kuchiyambi kwa 1982 gululi lidasaina mgwirizano ndi gulu la IRS.
Monga nyimbo yoyamba, Chronic Town idalandiridwa bwino, ndikutsegulira njira ya chimbale chambiri cha Murmur (1983).
Kung'ung'udza kunali kosiyana kwambiri ndi Chronic Town chifukwa cha malo ake otonthoza, osasokoneza, kotero kutulutsidwa kwake kwa kasupe kudakumana ndi ndemanga za rave.
Magazini ya Rolling Stone inatcha nyimbo yabwino kwambiri ya 1983. Gululo "linadumpha" Michael Jackson ndi nyimbo ya Thriller ndi The Police ndi nyimbo ya Synchronicity. Kung'ung'udza kudalowanso tchati cha US Top 40.
REM mania
Gululi lidabwereranso kuphokoso lolimba mu 1984 ndi Reckoning, lomwe linali ndi nyimbo ya So. Mvula Yapakati (Pepani). Pambuyo pake, oimbawo adapita kukalimbikitsa chimbale cha Reckoning.
Ma signature awo, monga: kusakonda makanema, mawu akung'ung'udza a Stipe, masewera apadera a Buck, adawapanga kukhala nthano zaku America mobisa.
Magulu omwe amatsanzira gulu la REM adafalikira kudera lonse la America. Gulu lokhalo linapereka chithandizo kwa maguluwa, kuwaitanira kuwonetsero ndikuwatchula m'mafunso.
Chimbale chachitatu cha gulu
Phokoso la REM linali lolamulidwa ndi nyimbo zapansi panthaka. Gululo lidaganiza zolimbikitsa kutchuka kwawo ndi chimbale chachitatu, Fables of the Reconstruction (1985).
Chimbalecho, chojambulidwa ku London ndi wopanga Joe Boyd, chidapangidwa panthawi yovuta kwambiri m'mbiri ya REM. Chimbalecho chinawonetsa mdima wa gululo.
Makhalidwe a siteji ya Stipe nthawi zonse amakhala osamvetseka. Analowa mu gawo lake lodabwitsa kwambiri. Analemera, adapaka tsitsi lake kukhala loyera komanso kuvala zovala zosawerengeka. Koma ngakhale mdima wa nyimbozo, kapena zosamvetseka za Stipe sizinalepheretse kuti chimbalecho chisakhale chogunda. Pafupifupi makope 300 anagulitsidwa ku USA.
Patapita nthawi, gululo linaganiza zoyamba kugwirizana ndi Don Gehman. Onse pamodzi adalemba chimbale cha Lifes Rich Pageant. Ntchitoyi, monga zonse zam'mbuyomu, idakumana ndi ndemanga zoyamikirika, zomwe zadziwika kwa gulu la REM.
Chikalata cha Album
Chimbale chachisanu cha gululi, Document, chidakhala chodziwika bwino chitangotulutsidwa mu 1987. Ntchitoyi idalowa pa 10 yapamwamba ku US ndipo idapeza udindo wa "platinamu" chifukwa cha single The One I Love. Kuphatikiza apo, mbiriyo sinali yotchuka kwambiri ku Britain, ndipo lero ili pamndandanda wa Top 40.
Album ya Green inapitiliza kupambana kwa omwe adatsogolera, kupita platinamu iwiri. Gululo lidayamba kuyendayenda pothandizira chimbalecho. Komabe, zisudzozo zidakhala zotopetsa kwa oimba, kotero anyamatawo adatenga sabata.
Mu 1990, oimba adakumananso kuti ajambule chimbale chawo chachisanu ndi chiwiri, Out of Time, chomwe chidatulutsidwa mchaka cha 1991.
Kumapeto kwa 1992, chimbale chatsopano chachisoni chosinkhasinkha cha Automatic for the People chinatulutsidwa. Ngakhale kuti gululo linalonjeza kuti lijambula nyimbo ya rock, nyimboyo inali yodekha komanso yabata. Nyimbo zambiri zinali ndi makonzedwe a zingwe ndi Led Zeppelin bassist Paul Jones.
Bwererani ku thanthwe
Monga momwe analonjezera, oimbawo adabwereranso ku nyimbo za rock ndi nyimbo ya Monster (1994). Mbiriyi inali yotchuka kwambiri, ikupitilira ma chart onse ku US ndi Britain.
Gululi linapitanso kukaona, koma Bill Berry adadwala matenda a ubongo miyezi iwiri pambuyo pake. Ulendowu unaimitsidwa, Berry anachitidwa opaleshoni, ndipo pasanathe mwezi umodzi anali kumapazi.
Komabe, aneurysm ya Berry inali chiyambi chabe cha mavutowo. Mills anayenera kuchitidwa opaleshoni ya m'mimba. Anachotsa chotupa cha m'mimba mu July chaka chimenecho. Patatha mwezi umodzi, Stipe anachitidwa opaleshoni yachangu chifukwa cha chophukacho.
Ngakhale kuti panali mavuto ambiri, ulendowu unali wopambana kwambiri pazachuma. Gululo lalemba gawo lalikulu la chimbale chatsopanocho.
Chimbale cha New Adventures mu Hi-Fi chinatulutsidwa mu September 1996. Patatsala pang'ono kulengezedwa kuti gululi lidasaina ndi Warner Bros. kwa mbiri ya $80 miliyoni.
Poganizira kuchuluka kotereku, "kulephera" kwamalonda kwa New Adventures mu Hi-Fi kunali kodabwitsa.
Kunyamuka kwa Berry ndi kupitiriza ntchito
Mu October 1997, oimba anadabwa "mafani" ndi atolankhani - analengeza kuti Berry kusiya gulu. Malinga ndi iye, ankafuna kupuma pantchito yake n’kukhazikika pafamu yake.
Chimbale Chovumbulutsa (2001) chidawonetsa kubwereranso kumawu awo akale. Mu 2005, ulendo wapadziko lonse wa gulu unachitika. REM idalowetsedwa mu Rock and Roll Hall of Fame mu 2007. Nthawi yomweyo anayamba ntchito pa album yotsatira, Accelerate, yomwe inatulutsidwa mu 2008.
Gululi linasaina ndi chizindikiro cha Concord Bicycle kuti ligawane zolemba zawo mu 2015. Zotsatira zoyamba za mgwirizanowu zidawonekera mu 2016, pomwe kope la 25th la Out of Time linatulutsidwa mu November.
