Panthawi ina kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 21, Radiohead inakhala yochuluka kuposa gulu lokha: iwo adakhala poyambira zinthu zonse mopanda mantha komanso modzidzimutsa mu thanthwe. Iwo anatengera kwenikweni mpando wachifumuwo David Bowie, Floyd wa piritsi и Kulankhulana atsogoleri.
Gulu lomaliza linapatsa Radiohead dzina lawo, nyimbo yochokera mu album yawo ya 1986 True Stories. Koma Radiohead sanamveke mofanana ndi Mitu, ndipo sanatenge zambiri kuchokera kwa Bowie kupatula kufunitsitsa kwake kuyesa.
Kupanga gulu la Radiohead
Aliyense membala wa Radiohead anali wophunzira ku Oxfordshire Abingdon School. Ed O'Brien (gitala) ndi Phil Selway (ng'oma) anali akuluakulu, kutsatiridwa ndi Thom Yorke wamng'ono chaka chimodzi (woimba, gitala, piyano) ndi Colin Greenwood (bass).
Oimba anayiwa adayamba kusewera mu 1985 ndipo posakhalitsa adawonjezera mchimwene wake wa Colin Johnny, yemwe adasewerapo Manja Osaphunzira ndi mchimwene wake wa Yorke Andy ndi Nigel Powell, ku gululo.
Johnny anayamba kuimba kiyibodi koma kenako anasintha n’kuyamba kuimba gitala. Pofika m'chaka cha 1987, onse kupatula Johnny adapita ku yunivesite, kumene ophunzira ambiri adaphunzira nyimbo, koma mpaka 1991 pamene quintet inagwirizananso ndikuyamba kuchita nthawi zonse ku Oxford.
Pambuyo pake adakopa chidwi cha Chris Hufford - yemwe panthawiyo ankadziwika kuti wopanga Shoegaze Slowdive - yemwe adanena kuti gululo lijambule chiwonetsero ndi mnzake Bryce Edge. Posakhalitsa anakhala mamenejala a gululo.
Kutembenuza Lachisanu kukhala Radiohead
EMI adazolowerana pang'ono ndi ma demo a gululi, kuwasaina ku mgwirizano mu 1991 ndikuti asinthe dzina lawo. Gulu lotchedwa On a Friday linakhala Radiohead. Pansi pa dzina latsopanoli, adalemba EP Drill yawo yoyamba ndi Hufford ndi The Edge, ndikutulutsa mbiriyo mu Meyi 1992. Gululo lidalowa mu studio ndi opanga Paul Caldery ndi Sean Slade kuti ajambule chimbale chawo chachitali.
Chipatso choyamba cha magawowa chinali "Creep", imodzi yomwe idatulutsidwa ku UK mu Seputembara 1992. "Creep" sanaulule paliponse poyamba. Masabata a mlungu a nyimbo a ku Britain ananyalanyaza tepiyo, ndipo wailesi sinaiulule pa mlengalenga.
Zithunzi zoyamba za kutchuka
Pablo Honey, chimbale choyambirira cha gululi, chidawonekera mu February 1993, mothandizidwa ndi nyimbo ya "Aliyense Angathe Kuimba Gitala", koma palibe kutulutsidwa komwe kudadziwika kwambiri ku UK kwawo.
Koma panthawiyi, "Creep" inali itayamba kukopa chidwi cha omvera ochokera m'mayiko ena. Poyamba, nyimboyi inali yotchuka kwambiri ku Israel, koma chidwi chachikulu chinachokera ku United States, yomwe idakumana ndi kusintha kwa rock.
Wailesi yotchuka ya San Francisco KITS yawonjezera "Creep" pamndandanda wawo. Kotero mbiriyo inafalikira m'mphepete mwa nyanja kumadzulo ndi pa MTV, kukhala yopambana kwambiri. Nyimboyi inatsala pang'ono kufika pa nambala wani pa chartboard ya Billboard Modern Rock ndipo inafika pa nambala 34 pa Hot 100.
Tikhoza kunena kuti izi ndi kupambana kwakukulu kwa gulu la gitala la British. "Creep" yotulutsidwanso idakhala nyimbo khumi zapamwamba ku UK, kufika pa nambala 1993 kumapeto kwa XNUMX. Gulu lomwe silinapambanepo mwadzidzidzi lili ndi mafani ambiri kuposa momwe amayembekezera.
Njira yodziwika kwa Radiohead
Radiohead inapitiriza kuyendera ndi Pablo Honey mu 1994, koma panalibe kugunda kotsatira, zomwe zinapangitsa otsutsa kukayikira kuti anali gulu limodzi lokha. Kudzudzula koteroko kunalemetsa kwambiri gululo, lomwe linafuna kujambula nyimbo zawo zatsopano. Iwo adapeza mwayiwu kumayambiriro kwa 1994 pamene adalowa mu studio kuti azigwira ntchito ndi wolemba John Leckie - yemwe amadziwika bwino ndi ntchito yake ndi Stone Roses pa 1994 EP My Iron.
EP yamphamvu komanso yolakalaka idapereka lingaliro labwino la zomwe nyimbo ya The Bends ingakhale. Yotulutsidwa mu March 1995, The Bends inasonyeza kuti Radiohead ikukula mu nyimbo. Chimbalecho chinali choyimba kwambiri komanso choyesera.
Pambuyo pake, otsutsa ku UK adavomereza gululo, ndipo anthu adatsatiranso izi: palibe mmodzi mwa atatu oyambirira omwe adayimba nyimbo ("Wapamwamba ndi Wouma", "Mitengo Yapulasitiki Yabodza", "Just") sanakwere pamwamba pa #17 ku UK. ma chart, koma omaliza "Street Spirit (Fade Out)" adafika pa nambala 1996 kumapeto kwa XNUMX.
Ku US, The Bends idayima pa nambala 88 pa chartboard ya Billboard, koma mbiriyo idatchuka pakati pa omvera. Ndipo gululi silinasiye kuyendera ndi ntchitoyi, ndikutsegula ziwonetsero zaku North America za REM mu 1995 ndi Alanis Morissette mu 1996.
Radiohead: Kupambana kwa Chaka
Mu 1995 ndi 1996 gululi lidajambula zatsopano ndi Nigel Godrich, wopanga gululi. Nyimbo imodzi "Lucky" idawonekera mu chimbale chachifundo cha 1995 "The Help Album", "Talk Show Host" idawonekera mbali ya B, ndipo "Exit Music (For a Film)" idawoneka ngati nyimbo ya Baz Luhrmann's "Romeo and Juliet". ".
Womaliza adawonekeranso pa OK Computer, chimbale cha June 1997 chomwe chinali chofunikira kwambiri pantchito ya Radiohead.
"Paranoid Android", ntchito yabwino kwambiri yomwe idatulutsidwa ngati imodzi mu Meyi chaka chimenecho, idafika pachitatu pama chart aku UK. Unali kugunda kwakukulu kwambiri mpaka pano ku UK.
Kupambana ndi zomwe OK Computer idakhala, mbiri yomwe idakhala yofunika osati ya Radiohead yokha, komanso rock mu 90s. Ndi ndemanga zabwino komanso malonda amphamvu, OK Computer inatseka zitseko za Britpop hedonism ndi mdima wa grunge motifs, ndikutsegula njira yatsopano yopita ku rock yodziwika bwino, yodziwikiratu komwe zida zamagetsi zinkakhala ndi magitala.
Kwa zaka zingapo zotsatira, chikoka cha gululi chidzawonekera, koma chimbalecho chinakhudzanso kwambiri gululo. Nyimboyi idayamba pa nambala wani ku UK ndipo idapambana Grammy ya Best Alternative Album. Radiohead adamuthandiza paulendo wapadziko lonse wolembedwa mufilimuyi "Meeting People Is Easy".
Kid A ndi Amnesiac
Pofika nthawi yomwe Meeting People Is Easy idagunda zisudzo, gululi linali litayamba kugwira ntchito pa chimbale chawo chachinayi, ndikulumikizananso ndi wopanga Godrich. Chimbale chotsatira, Kid A, chinawonjezeka kawiri pa kuyesa kwa OK Computer, kukumbatira zamagetsi ndikudumphira mu jazi.
Idatulutsidwa mu Okutobala 2000, Kid A inali imodzi mwa nyimbo zazikuluzikulu zoyambilira kulandidwa kudzera muntchito zogawana mafayilo, koma zachinyengozi sizinakhudze zogulitsa za mbiriyo: chimbalecho chidayamba kukhala nambala wani ku UK ndi US.
Apanso, chimbalecho chinapambana Album Yabwino Kwambiri pa Grammys, ndipo ngakhale siyinatulutse nyimbo zoyimba (zowonadi, palibe nyimbo zomwe zidatulutsidwa mu chimbale), idatsimikiziridwa ndi platinamu m'maiko angapo.
Amnesiac, mndandanda wazinthu zatsopano zomwe zidayamba panthawi ya Kid A, zidawonekera mu June 2001, zidakwera kwambiri ku UK ndikufikira nambala yachiwiri ku US.
Nyimbo ziwiri zodziwika bwino kuchokera ku album - "Pyramid Song" ndi "Knives Out" - chizindikiro chakuti albumyi inali yogulitsidwa kwambiri kuposa yomwe idakhazikitsidwa.
Tikuoneni kwa Wakuba ndi kuswa
Kumapeto kwa chaka, gululo linatulutsa I Might Be Wrong: Live Recordings, ndipo pofika chilimwe cha 2002 iwo adatembenukira ku kujambula nyimbo yatsopano ndi Godrich. Zotsatira zake "Tikuoneni Wakuba" adawonekera mu June 2003, ndikuyambiranso pamwamba pa ma chart apadziko lonse - nambala wani ku UK ndi nambala yachitatu ku US.
Gululi lidathandizira chimbalecho ndi ziwonetsero zamoyo, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti gululi liyimbidwe bwino pa Coachella 2004, zomwe zidagwirizana ndi kutulutsidwa kwa COM LAG b-sides ndi remixes. Kujambula uku kunathandizira kupeza mgwirizano ndi EMI.
Kwa zaka zingapo zotsatira, Radiohead inali pa sabata pamene mamembala amatsatira ntchito zawo. Mu 2006, Yorke adatulutsa nyimbo yokhayokha yamagetsi yamagetsi yotchedwa The Eraser, ndipo Jonny Greenwood adayamba ntchito yolemba nyimbo, kuyambira ndi Bodysong ya 2004, kenako adayamba mgwirizano wabwino ndi Paul Thomas Anderson mu 2007 wa Will Will Be Blood. Greenwood idzagwiranso ntchito pamakanema otsatira a Anderson, The Master and Inherent Vice.
Njira yatsopano yogulitsira
Magawo angapo osachita bwino ndi Spike Stent adatsogolera gululo kubwerera ku Godrich chakumapeto kwa 2006, ndikumaliza kujambula mu June 2007. Ngakhale opanda cholembera, adaganiza zotulutsa chimbalecho pa digito kudzera patsamba lawo lovomerezeka, kulola ogwiritsa ntchito kulipira ndalama zilizonse. Njira yatsopanoyi idakhala ngati kukwezedwa kwachimbale - zambiri mwazolemba za kutulutsidwa kwa ntchitoyi zidati zidasintha.
Nyimboyi idatulutsidwa ku UK mu Disembala ndikutsatiridwa ndi Januware 2008 US kutulutsidwa. Mbiriyo idagulitsidwa bwino, kuyambira pa nambala wani ku UK ndikupambana Grammy ya Best Alternative Music Album.
Radiohead inayendera kuthandizira Ku Rainbows mu 2009, ndipo paulendowu, EMI inatulutsa Radiohead: The Best Of mu June 2008. Gululi lidasiyanso mu 2010, ndikulola Yorke kupanga gulu lotchedwa Atoms for Peace ndi opanga Godrich ndi Flea kuchokera ku Red Hot Chili Peppers.
Panthawiyi, woyimba ng'oma Phil Selway adatulutsa chimbale chake choyamba, Familial.
Album The King of Limbs
Pofika koyambirira kwa 2011, gululi linali litamaliza ntchito yolemba nyimbo yatsopano ndipo, monga momwe zinalili mu Rainbows m'mbuyomu, Radiohead poyambirira idatulutsa The King of Limbs pa intaneti kudzera patsamba lawo. Zotsitsa zidawonekera mu February ndipo zolemba zenizeni zidawonekera mu Marichi.
Chimbale chachisanu ndi chinayi cha Radiohead, A Moon Shaped Pool, chidatulutsidwa pa Meyi 8, 2016, ndi nyimbo za "Burn the Witch" ndi "Daydreaming" zomwe zidatulutsidwa koyambirira kwa sabata. Radiohead inathandizira A Moon Shaped Pool paulendo wapadziko lonse ndipo mu June 2017 adakondwerera chaka cha 20th cha OK Computer ndi kutulutsanso ma disks awiri a album yotchedwa OKNOTOK.
Chifukwa cha mabonasi ambiri ndi zinthu zomwe sizinatulutsidwe m'mbuyomu, nambala yachiwiri idalowa m'ma chart aku UK ndipo idathandizidwa ndi machitidwe akuluakulu apawayilesi ku Glastonbury. M'chaka chotsatira, Selway, York ndi Greenwood adatulutsa nyimbo zamakanema, ndipo womalizayo adasankhidwa kukhala Oscar pampikisano wake mu Phantom Thread.
