Richard Wagner ndi munthu wanzeru. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ambiri amasokonezeka ndi kusamveka bwino kwa maestro. Kumbali ina, anali wolemba nyimbo wotchuka komanso wodziwika bwino yemwe adathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa nyimbo zapadziko lonse lapansi. Kumbali inayi, mbiri yake inali yakuda komanso yosasangalatsa.
Malingaliro andale a Wagner anali otsutsana ndi malamulo aumunthu. Zolemba za maestro zidakondedwa kwambiri ndi akatswiri a ku Germany a Nazi. Kwa ambiri, Richard wakhala chizindikiro cha dziko. Iye anali wotsutsa kwambiri Ayuda.
Woimbayo anayambitsa nyimbo zazitali ndi nkhani zochititsa chidwi m’masewerowa. Cholowa cholemera cha Wagner sichimangolimbikitsa okonda nyimbo zachikale, komanso oimba nyimbo zamakono ndi olemba nyimbo.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Maestro otchuka adabadwa pa Meyi 22, 1813 m'dera la Leipzig zokongola. Chochititsa chidwi n’chakuti panthawiyo makolo anali akulera kale ana asanu ndi anayi.
Pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa Richard, chisoni chinachitika m'banja. Mfundo ndi yakuti mutu wa banja anamwalira ndi typhus. Ana anakumana ndi imfa ya atate wawo mwamaganizo kwambiri, zimene sitinganene ponena za amayi awo. Panali mphekesera kuti Richard anabadwa osati mwamuna wovomerezeka, koma kwa wokondedwa, dzina lake Ludwig Geyer.
Patatha miyezi itatu imfa yake, mkazi wamasiyeyo anakwatiwa ndi Geyer, ndipo iye analera ana ake. Ludwig adakhala nthawi yayitali akulera mwana wake wopeza. Komanso, ndi iye amene adakhudza mapangidwe ake a nyimbo. Anathandiza Richard posankha ntchito.
Mpaka unyamata, Wagner adapita ku Sukulu ya St. Thomas. Linali limodzi mwa mabungwe akale kwambiri othandiza anthu m’tauni yaing’onoyo. Tsoka ilo, adalandira chidziwitso chochepa kumeneko, zomwe zidakhumudwitsa Wagner pang'ono.
Kenako Richard anazindikira kuti zimene anapeza si zokwanira kulemba nyimbo nyimbo. Wachinyamatayo adaphunzira kuchokera kwa Theodor Weinlig. Mu 1831, iye analowa mu mzinda wake maphunziro apamwamba.
Njira yolenga ya wolemba nyimbo Richard Wagner
Katswiri wodziwika bwino anali ndi ma opera 14. Zambiri mwazolengedwa zakhala zapamwamba. Kuphatikiza apo, adalemba nyimbo zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimaphatikizapo ma librettos a zisudzo. Ntchito za Wagner sizingasokonezedwe ndi ntchito za akatswiri ena a nthawi imeneyo. Iye analemba pathos ndi epic nyimbo.
Anthu osilira adazindikira mwachidwi ntchito zoyambirira za Wagner, potero amalipira woyimbayo ndi mphamvu zofunikira. Richard adapanga ndikuwongolera luso lake loimba. Iye anali woyambirira komanso wosayerekezeka.
Flying Dutchman ndi ntchito yomwe idawulula kusasitsa ndi chitukuko cha maestro. Muzolembazo, wolembayo adafotokoza momveka bwino nkhani ya sitima yapamadzi. Ntchito yotsatira yanzeru "Tannhäuser" idauza omvera za nkhani yomvetsa chisoni yachikondi.
"Tristan ndi Isolde" ndi chizindikiro china cha katswiri. Uyu ndiye yemwe ali ndi mbiri nthawi yonse ya manambala apayekha. Richard anatha kunena momveka bwino za ubale wa okonda awiri mwa prism nyimbo.
Woimbayo adapanga nkhani ya mphete ya Mphamvu zaka 100 J. R. R. Tolkien isanachitike. Ambiri amatchula mphete ya Nibelung ngati gawo la zomwe zimatchedwa "nthawi yagolide" ya ntchito ya maestro. Mu opera yachiwiri ya kuzungulira kwa Valkyrie, mafani amatha kumva mwala wina wa nyimbo za wolembayo, Ride of the Valkyries.
Moyo wamunthu wa maestro Richard Wagner
Wagner analibe kukongola kapena kukongola. Ngakhale izi, anali wofunidwa pakati pa kugonana kwabwino. Maestro anali ndi akazi ambiri. Iye akanakhoza kukwanitsa kugona ndi mlendo, chifukwa anali ndi ulamuliro pakati pa anthu. Mu moyo wa Richard munali maubwenzi aakulu.
Mkazi woyamba wa wolemba nyimbo wotchuka amatchedwa Minna Planer. Ambiri sankamvetsa chifukwa chake mkazi anasankha mwamuna wotero. Anali wokongola, wolemera komanso woleredwa bwino. Minna ankagwira ntchito ngati wojambula, choncho nthawi zambiri ankayendera. Ngakhale zinali choncho, anatha kumanga chisa chofunda cha banja lake.
Chilichonse chinasintha pambuyo pa kusintha kwa 1849. Kenako mphunzitsiyo ndi mkazi wake anakakamizika kuchoka kumudzi kwawo. Iwo anasamukira ku Zurich. Kumeneko anakumana ndi wokondedwa watsopano, Matilda Wesendonck. Wokongola wamng'onoyo anali wokwatiwa. Iye, pamodzi ndi mwamuna wake, ankakonda ntchito ya Wagner. Posakhalitsa mwamuna wake Otto anapatsa Richard kanyumba kakang'ono pafupi ndi nyumba yake.
Zinali zodziwana ndi Matilda zomwe zinamulimbikitsa kulemba nyimbo za "Siegfried" ndi "Tristan". Mtsikanayo ankagwirizananso ndi luso. Iye analemba ndakatulo ndi prose. Sitinganene motsimikiza kuti panali ubale wapamtima pakati pa Matilda ndi Richard. Koma ambiri olemba mbiri ya anthu amatsatirabe maganizo amenewa.
Nkhani yachilendo
Mu 1864, adayamba kukondana ndi Cosima von Bulova. Mfumu Ludwig II ya ku Bavaria inali yokonda kwambiri maestro otchuka. Wolamulirayo anamuuza kuti apite ku Munich, ndipo anavomera. Mfumuyo inkapereka ndalama zothandizira olemba nyimbo.
Richard anaitana wotsogolera Hans von Bülow ku gulu lake loimba. Mkazi wa Hans anatenga malo a mlembi waumwini wa maestro. Kukopa kudayamba pakati pa Richard ndi Cosima. Mwachinsinsi kwa mwamuna wovomerezeka, okonda anakumana. Posakhalitsa Hans von Bülow adasokoneza chikondi chachinsinsi.
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, mwamuna kapena mkazi wake sanawonetse nsanje. Iye analemba chidzudzulo kwa mfumu, amene anaganiza dot "e". Udindo wa Maestro, choyamba, anaipidwa ndi mfundo yakuti boma ndalama ntchito yake yolenga, ndi makhalidwe Catholic analamulira mu Bavaria. Mfumuyo inalamula kuti banjali lithamangitsidwe m’dera la Switzerland.
Zaka 7 zokha pambuyo pake, Wagner ndi Cosima adasudzulana ndi maukwati am'mbuyomu. Panthawi imeneyi, banja lawo lakula. Mkaziyo anabala ana aakazi otchuka a maestro. Panthawi imeneyi, Minna Wagner anamwalira ndi matenda a mtima. Ndipo Ludwig anaganiza zopanga apilo chigamulo chake ndipo anaitanira Richard kukhoti.
Mu 1870, ukwati wa Cosima ndi wolemba unachitika. Anadzipereka ku maestro ndipo anali nyumba yake yosungiramo zinthu zakale. Onse anamanga bwalo la zisudzo ku Bayreuth. Nthawi yomweyo, banjali lidayamba kugwira ntchito yopanga The Ring of the Nibelung.
Mfundo zosangalatsa za wolemba
- Wagner adadziwonetsa yekha ngati wolemba. Iye analemba nyimbo zambirimbiri za filosofi.
- Zambiri mwa ntchito zake zinali zozikidwa pa nthano ndi nthano zanthano.
- Wolemba nyimboyo anakonza zisudzo zingapo zotsutsana ndi Ayuda ndipo analemba mabuku.
- Iye ankaona kuti ntchito yake ndi imodzi mwa njira zofotokozera anthu mfundo za filosofi yake.
Richard Wagner: Zaka Zomaliza za Moyo Wake
Mu 1882 woimbayo anasamukira kudera la Venice. Unali muyeso wofunikira. Thanzi la maestrolo lidalowa pansi kwambiri, motero madotolo adalimbikitsa kusintha komwe amakhala. Patapita chaka, zinadziwika kuti Richard anamwalira. Chifukwa cha imfa chinali matenda a mtima.
