Magulu owerengeka a rock ndi roll omwe ali ndi mikangano yambiri monga The Who.
Mamembala onse anayi anali ndi umunthu wosiyana kwambiri, monga momwe machitidwe awo odziwika bwino amasonyezera - Keith Moon kamodzi adagwa pa ng'oma yake, ndipo oimba ena nthawi zambiri ankamenyana pa siteji.
Ngakhale zidatenga nthawi kuti gululi lipeze omvera, pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960 The Who adapikisana ngakhale ndi Rolling Stones pazochita zonse komanso kugulitsa nyimbo.
Gululi linaphulitsa nyimbo zamtundu wa rock ndi R&B ndi magitala okwiya a Townsend, ma bass otsika komanso othamanga a Entwistle komanso ng'oma zamphamvu komanso zosokoneza za Mwezi.
Mosiyana ndi magulu ambiri a rock, The Who adatengera nyimbo zawo pa gitala, kulola Mwezi ndi Entwistle kuti zisinthe nthawi zonse pomwe Daltrey ankaimba nyimbo.
The Yemwe adachita bwino izi, koma lingaliro lina lidabuka pa kujambula: Townsend adabwera ndi lingaliro lophatikizira zaluso za pop ndi malingaliro agululo muzolemba za gululo.
Ankaonedwa ngati m'modzi mwa olemba nyimbo abwino kwambiri ku Britain panthawiyo, popeza nyimbo monga The Kids Are Alright ndi My Generation zidakhala nyimbo zachinyamata. Nthawi yomweyo, nyimbo yake ya rock Tommy idalemekezedwa ndi otsutsa ofunikira.
Komabe, ena onse a The Who, makamaka Entwistle ndi Daltrey, sanali ofunitsitsa kutsatira luso lake loimba. Iwo ankafuna kuimba nyimbo zolimba m’malo mwa nyimbo za Townsend.
The Who adadzikhazikitsa okha ngati ogwedera mkati mwa zaka za m'ma 1970, akupitiliza njira iyi pambuyo pa imfa ya Mwezi mu 1978. Komabe, pachimake chawo, The Who anali amodzi mwamagulu otsogola komanso amphamvu kwambiri a rock.
Kupanga kwa The Who
Townsend ndi Entwistle anakumana ali kusukulu yasekondale ku London Shepherd's Bush. Ali achinyamata, adasewera mu gulu la Dixieland. Kumeneko Entwist ankaimba lipenga ndipo Townsend ankaimba banjo.
Phokoso la gululo lidakula mwachangu mothandizidwa ndi ojambula aku America okha, komanso oimba angapo aku Britain.
Izi zinatsatiridwa ndi kusintha kwa dzina la gululo. Anyamatawo amafunikira china chosangalatsa kuposa Dixieland, kotero adakhazikika pa The Who.
Gululi linkaimba nyimbo zomwe zinali ndi moyo ndi R & B, kapena monga zinalembedwera pazithunzi zawo: Maximum R & B.
Gitala woyamba wosweka mu gulu la Ze Hu
Tsiku lina, Townsend mwangozi anaphwanya gitala lake loyamba pa konsati ku Railway Hotel. Anatha kumaliza chiwonetserocho ndi Rickenbacker yazingwe 12 yomwe idagulidwa kumene.
Townsend adazindikira sabata yotsatira kuti anthu adabwera kudzamuwona akuphwanya gitala lake.
Poyamba, Lambert ndi Stamp adadabwa kuti Townsend adawononganso gitala lina ngati gawo la kampeni yotsatsa. Komabe, m’masiku amenewo, sanali kuphwanya magitala pawonetsero iliyonse.
Sindingathe Kufotokozera
Chakumapeto kwa 1964, Townsend adapatsa gululo nyimbo yoyambirira yomwe sindingathe kulongosola, yomwe inali ndi ngongole kwa The Kinks ndi nyimbo yawo ya You Really Got Me. Nyimbo za Townsend zidakhudza kwambiri achinyamata, chifukwa cha mawu amphamvu a Daltrey.
Gululo litayamba kuchita bwino pa pulogalamu ya kanema wawayilesi ya Ready, Steady, Go, pomwe Townsend ndi Moon adawononga zida zawo, nyimbo yomwe sindingathe kufotokoza idafika ku Britain. Ku UK, anali m'gulu la khumi.
Kumayambiriro kwa 1966, Substitute imodzi idakhala nyimbo yawo yachinayi ku UK Top XNUMX. Wopanga ndi Keith Lambert adawonetsa kutha kwa mgwirizano wa Decca/Brunswick waku UK.
Kuyambira ndi Substitute, gululi lidasaina ndi Polydor ku England. Ndine Mnyamata, yemwe adatulutsidwa m'chilimwe cha 1966, anali The Who's first single popanda kutulutsidwa kwa Decca/Brunswick, ndipo adawonetsa momwe gululo lidayendera m'miyezi 18.
Mbiri ya ku United States inali yosiyana kwambiri. Nyimbozi sizinachite bwino ngakhale zotsatsa za ABC's rock and roll venue Shindig.
Kupambana ku Britain kunali kwakukulu, koma sikunali kokwanira. Kuphwanya zida zamoyo ndi zotsatira zake zinali zodula kwambiri, kotero gululi linali ndi ngongole zambiri.
Nyimbo yachiwiri
Townsend adalemba mutu wa nyimboyi ngati mini-opera ya mphindi khumi. Wofulumira Pamene Ali Kutali ndi chilengedwe cha Townsend chomwe chimapita kutali kwambiri ndi rock and roll.
Woimbayo anali ndi aura yapadera ya opera ndi rock, ngakhale gululo palokha linkadziwika pang'ono panthawiyo.
Itatha kutulutsidwa mu 1966, A Quick One idakhalanso ku Britain ndipo idaperekanso "kupambana" kochepa ku America.
Kuchita mwachidule kasanu patsiku, gululo linapanga zofunikira kwa anthu wamba. Chochitika chawo chachikulu chotsatira ku US chinali kusewera kwa chimbale cha Fillmore East ku San Francisco.
Chifukwa cha zimenezi, oimbawo anali ndi vuto. Masewero omwe anali ndi album yapitayi anali otalika kwambiri, mphindi 15-20 zinali zokwanira. Komabe, seti zawo zanthawi zonse za mphindi 40 zidakhala zazifupi kwambiri ku Fillmore East.
M’buku la Richard Barnes lotchedwa Maximum R&B, zinanenedwa kuti kuti nyimbo zawo zikhale zomalizira, oimba ayenera kuphunzira masewero onse aang’ono amene sanaimbepo.
Pambuyo pa konsati yatsopano ya chimbale, mu June 1967, adasewera chiwonetsero chawo chofunikira kwambiri ku America, Monterey International Pop Festival, momwe adakumana ndi Jimi Hendrix kubetcherana yemwe adatha kumaliza bwino kwambiri.
Hendrix adapambana ndi machitidwe ake owopsa, koma The Who adachita modabwitsa powononga zida zawo modabwitsa.
Concept work Who Sell Out
Who Sell Out ndi chimbale chodziwikiratu komanso chopereka ulemu kwa mawayilesi achifwamba ku England omwe adatsekedwa chifukwa cha chipwirikiti cha boma.
Gululo linayika ntchito yawo yabwino kwambiri pa albumyi kuti alimbikitse malo awo ku England ndipo potsiriza atenge msika wa US ndi I Can See for Miles.
Kuchita kwa Daltrey kunali kopambana kwambiri pa ntchito yake mpaka pano, mothandizidwa ndi gitala yoyipa ya Townsend, ng'oma ya Moon komanso nyimbo zolimba za Entwistle.
Kuti amve phokosoli adagwira ntchito zambiri m'ma studio atatu osiyanasiyana, m'makontinenti awiri ndi magombe awiri.
Nyimboyi inali yovuta kwambiri moti idakhala nyimbo yokhayo yomwe amakana kuyimba live. Nyimboyi inafika pamwamba pa khumi ku America ndipo inafika pa nambala yachiwiri ku England.
Kugonjetsa kotsimikizika kwa America
Tommy anatulutsidwa mu May 1969, patatha chaka chimodzi ndi theka pambuyo pa The Who Sell Out. Ndipo kwa nthawi yoyamba, nyenyezi zinapanga mzere kuti zigwirizane ndi gululo. Izi zimaonekera makamaka ku United States.
Tommy adapanga US Top Ten pomwe gulu limathandizira chimbalecho ndi ulendo wautali. Ulendo Wotsatira wa Who's Next unapangitsa gululi kukhala limodzi mwazinthu ziwiri zapamwamba zokopa miyala padziko lonse lapansi pamodzi ndi Rolling Stones. Mwadzidzidzi, nkhani yawo inakopa chidwi cha mamiliyoni a mafani.
Nyimbo ziwiri za Quadrophenia ndi kutha kwa gulu
Ndi kutulutsidwa kwa Quadrophenia, gululo linasiya kugwira ntchito ndi Keith Lambert, yemwe sanakhudzenso gululo. Entwistle adayambitsa ntchito yakeyake yekha ndi Smash Your Head Against the Wall.
Nyimbo ziwiri za Quadrophenia zidagulitsidwa bwino kwambiri, koma zidakhala zovuta kwambiri chifukwa zinali zovuta kusewera.
Gululo lidayamba kugwa pambuyo pa kutulutsidwa kwa Quadrophenia. Pagulu, Townsend ankada nkhaŵa ndi udindo wake monga wolankhulira nyimbo za rock, ndipo mwamseri analoŵa m’chizoloŵezi choledzeretsa.
Entwistle adangoyang'ana kwambiri ntchito yake yokhayokha, kuphatikiza zojambulira ndi ma projekiti ake apambali Ox ndi Rigor Mortis.
Panthawiyi, Daltrey adafika pachimake cha luso lake - adakhala woimba wotchuka kwambiri ndipo adachita bwino kwambiri ngati wosewera.
Mwezi unalowa m'mavuto aakulu, pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowonongeka. Pakadali pano, Townsend adagwira ntchito panyimbo zatsopano, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti alembe yekha 1975, The Who By Numbers.
The Yemwe adakumananso koyambirira kwa 1978 kuti alembe Who Are You. Ntchitoyi inali yopambana kwambiri, kufika pa nambala yachiwiri m'ma chart a US.
Komabe, m'malo mobwerera mopambana, chimbalecho chinakhala chizindikiro cha tsoka - pa September 7, 1978, Moon anamwalira ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Popeza anali gawo lofunika kwambiri la The Who's sound ndi fano, gululo silinadziwe choti lichite. Patapita kanthawi, gululo linalemba ganyu Kenny Jones woyimba ng'oma ya Small Faces kuti alowe m'malo ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito zatsopano mu 1979.
Kutha kwinanso kwa gululo
Pambuyo pa konsati ku Cincinnati, gululo lidayamba kusweka pang'onopang'ono. Townsend analedzera ndi cocaine, heroin, tranquilizers, ndi mowa, atatsala pang’ono kufa kwambiri mu 1981.
Panthawiyi, Entwistle ndi Daltrey anapitiriza ntchito zawo payekha. Gululi linakumananso mu 1981 kuti lijambule chimbale chawo choyamba kuyambira imfa ya Mwezi, Face Dances, ku ndemanga zosiyanasiyana.
Chaka chotsatira, The Who anatulutsa It's Hard ndikuyamba ulendo wawo womaliza. Komabe, ulendo wotsazikanawo sunali ulendo wotsazikana kwenikweni. Gululi lidakumananso kusewera Live Aid mu 1985.
A Yemwe adakumananso mu 1994 pamakonsati awiri okondwerera zaka 50 za Daltrey.
M'chilimwe cha 1997, gululi linayamba ulendo waku America, womwe sunanyalanyazidwe ndi atolankhani. Mu Okutobala 2001, gululi lidasewera "Concert for New York" kwa mabanja omwe adazunzidwa pa 11/XNUMX.
Kumapeto kwa June 2002, The Who anali pafupi kuyamba ulendo waku North America, koma mosayembekezereka Entwistle anamwalira ali ndi zaka 57 ku Hard Rock Hotel ku Las Vegas.
Mu 2006, Townsend ndi Daltrey adatulutsa mini-opera Waya & Glass (mgwirizano wawo woyamba mzaka 20).
Pa December 7, 2008, pamwambo ku Washington, D.C., Townsend ndi Daltrey analandira Kennedy Center Honours chifukwa cha moyo wawo wonse ku chikhalidwe cha America.
