Tikhon Khrennikov - Soviet ndi Russian wolemba, woimba, mphunzitsi. Pa ntchito yake yayitali yolenga, katswiriyo adapanga zisudzo zingapo zoyenera, ma ballet, ma symphonies, ndi ma concerto oimba. Fans amakumbukiranso iye monga mlembi wa nyimbo za mafilimu.
Ubwana ndi unyamata wa Tikhon Khrennikov
Iye anabadwa kumayambiriro kwa June 1913. Tikhon anabadwira m'banja lalikulu. Makolo ake anali kutali ndi ntchito za kulenga. Iye anakulira m’banja la kalaliki wamalonda ndi mkazi wamba wamba.
Mutu wabanja sanadumphe maphunziro. M'banja la Khrennikov, chidwi chapadera chinaperekedwa ku nyimbo. Ndipo ngakhale kuti bambo ake anali kutali ndi zilandiridwenso, iye analimbikitsa nyimbo. Mwachitsanzo, Tikhon ankadziwa kuimba zida zingapo zoimbira. M’zaka zake za kusukulu, mnyamatayo anaikidwa m’gulu la kwaya ya kumaloko.
Koposa zonse, Khrennikov Jr. adakopeka ndi kukonzanso. Iye analemba maphunziro ake oyambirira ali wachinyamata. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi, mapangidwe Tikhon monga wopeka akuyamba.
Posakhalitsa adakambirana ndi Mikhail Gnesin mwiniwake. Anatha kuzindikira talente mu Tikhon. Maestro analimbikitsa mnyamatayo kumaliza sukulu ya sekondale, ndiyeno kupita ku Moscow Conservatory. Panthawi imeneyi, Khrennikov anamvetsera nyimbo za Russian classics.
Tikhon Khrennikov: maphunziro ku Gnesinka
Tikhon anamvera malangizo a luso Mikhail Gnesin, ndipo nditamaliza sukulu analowa sukulu nyimbo. Pambuyo pake, analembetsa m’malo osungiramo zinthu zakale a likulu la dzikolo, kumene anali ndi mwaŵi wapadera wophunzira ndi aphunzitsi odziŵa bwino ntchito. Mu zaka wophunzira, iye akuyamba ntchito mu zisudzo ana.
M'chaka chake chomaliza, Khrennikov amapereka kwa aphunzitsi symphony yoyamba, yomwe imatha kutchulidwa ngati ntchito ya akatswiri. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti zikuchokera nyimbo anakhala wotchuka osati m'gawo la Soviet Union. Symphony inalowa mu repertoire ya okonda otchuka ochokera ku America.
Tikhon anapereka symphony monga ntchito yake yomaliza maphunziro. Mmodzi yekha amene anapereka Khrennikov "zabwino" chizindikiro mu mayeso anali Sergei Prokofiev.
Wolembayo mwiniyo adawerengera kulandira diploma yofiira. Sanayembekezere kuchokera ku ma komiti omwe ali pansi pa "5". Zotsatira za mayeso zitadziwika kwa iye, adalengeza kuti sadzalandira diploma ya buluu. Patangopita masiku ochepa, khoti yamaphunziro ya m’boma la sukuluyi inaganizira za nkhani ya wophunzirayo. Anachokadi m'chipinda chosungiramo zinthu zakale, atanyamula diploma yofiira m'manja mwake.
Creative njira Tikhon Khrennikov
Chimake cha kutchuka kwa woimbayo chinafika m'ma 30s a zaka zapitazo. Panthawi imeneyi, iye anakhala mmodzi wa akatswiri otchuka kwambiri mu Soviet Union. Tikhon anayenda kwambiri, anapereka zoimbaimba ndi kuphunzitsa.
Posakhalitsa adakonza konsati ya piyano kuti apange zisudzo za Much Ado About Nothing. Amawonjezeranso nyimbo ndi nyimbo zatsopano.
Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 30, anayamba kuwonekera koyamba kugulu opera. Tikulankhula za ntchito yanyimbo "Into the Storm". Mbali yaikulu ya opera anapereka anali maonekedwe a Vladimir Lenin mmenemo.
Nkhondo ya Khrennikov idasindikizidwa popanda kutaya zambiri muzopangapanga. Anapitiriza kukhala wokangalika. Panthawi imeneyi, makamaka amalemba nyimbo. Ndiye symphony yachiwiri ikuwonekera. Poyamba, iye anakonza kuti ntchito imeneyi idzakhala nyimbo ya achinyamata, koma Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse inapanga zosintha zake.
Ntchito yake inafotokoza bwino zimene akuluakulu aboma ndi nzika wamba za Soviet Union ankamva panthaŵi yankhondo. Ntchito zake n'zodzala ndi chiyembekezo ndi chikhulupiriro m'tsogolo labwino.
Tikhon Khrennikov: ntchito pambuyo pa nkhondo
Kwa zaka zambiri, maestro anali mutu wa Union of Composers. Anali ndi mwayi wopezeka pamisonkhano yambiri komwe mamembala a Politburo adasankha tsogolo la anthu wamba. Ntchito ya Tikhon inali kupeza zinthu zabwino kwambiri za chitukuko cha oimba ndi oimba.
Iye anali wotsatira ulamuliro wa Stalin wa boma. Anamuthandiza pamene "anamenyana" ndi oimba a Soviet ndi olemba nyimbo. Kwenikweni, "mndandanda wakuda" wa mtsogoleriyo unaphatikizapo ojambula a avant-garde omwe sanagwirizane ndi lingaliro la chikominisi chopepuka.
Komabe, mu zoyankhulana pambuyo pake, wopeka mwa njira zonse anakana mfundo yakuti iye anathandiza Stalin. Tikhon ananena kuti ankakonda maganizo achikomyunizimu. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti maestro ali ndi mphoto zambiri za boma ndi mphoto mu zida zake.
Khrennikov adadziwikanso ngati wolemba filimu. Walemba zambiri zanyimbo zamakanema opitilira 30. M'zaka za m'ma 70, zomwe zinakondweretsa mafani ake, adalemba ma ballet ambiri.
Iye sanasiye ntchito yake mpaka mapeto. M'zaka za zana latsopano, iye anapitiriza kulemba waltzes ndi zidutswa za symphony orchestra. Ntchito zaposachedwapa zikuphatikizapo nyimbo za filimuyo "Comrades Awiri" ndi mndandanda wa TV "Moscow Windows".
Tsatanetsatane wa moyo wa wolemba
Ngakhale kuti anali ndi udindo wapamwamba ndiponso wolemera, mwachibadwa anali wodzichepetsa. Tikhon adavomereza mobwerezabwereza kuti ali ndi mkazi mmodzi. moyo wake wonse anakhala ndi mkazi wosakwatiwa, dzina lake Clara Arnoldovna Waks.
Mkazi wa maestro adazindikira kuti anali mtolankhani. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pa nthawi imene ankadziwana Clara anakwatira. Sitinganene kuti anali wosasangalala ndi mwamuna wake, koma Tikhon sanataye mtima. Mkaziyo anakana Khrennikov kwa nthawi yaitali, koma sanasiye kumusamalira ndipo adapeza njira yake.
Iye anali nyumba yake yosungiramo zinthu zakale komanso mkazi wamkulu. Anapereka nyimbo "Monga nightingale za duwa" kwa iye. Clara atamvetsera nyimboyo, sanayamikire, koma adadzudzula maestro. Madzulo a tsiku lomwelo, iye analembanso ntchitoyo kotero kuti inakhaladi mwaluso kwambiri.
Iwo ankaimba ukwati zazikulu, ndipo posakhalitsa anabadwa mwana wamkazi, dzina lake Natasha. Mwa njira, nayenso adatsata mapazi a abambo ake olenga. Khrennikov sanasiye ndalama kwa mkazi wake ndi mwana wake wamkazi. Zikatheka, ankawasambitsa ndi mphatso ndi zinthu zamtengo wapatali.
Imfa ya Tikhon Khrennikov
Anamwalira pa Ogasiti 14, 2007. Iye anafa mu likulu la Russia. Choyambitsa imfa chinali kudwala kwakanthawi kochepa.
