Aretha Franklin adalowetsedwa mu Rock and Roll Hall of Fame mu 2008. Uyu ndi woyimba wotsogola padziko lonse lapansi yemwe adayimba mwaluso nyimbo za rhythm ndi blues, soul ndi gospel.
Nthawi zambiri ankatchedwa mfumukazi ya moyo. Osati otsutsa nyimbo ovomerezeka okha omwe amavomereza lingaliro ili, komanso mamiliyoni a mafani padziko lonse lapansi.
Ubwana ndi unyamata wa Aretha Franklin
Aretha Franklin anabadwa pa Marichi 25, 1942 ku Memphis, Tennessee. Bambo ake a mtsikanayo ankagwira ntchito ya unsembe, ndipo mayi ake anali namwino. Aretha anakumbukira kuti bambo ake anali munthu wodziwa kulankhula, ndipo amayi ake anali mayi wapakhomo wabwino. Pazifukwa zosadziwika kwa mtsikanayo, ubale wa makolowo sunayambe.
Posakhalitsa choipa chinachitika - makolo a Aretha anasudzulana. Mtsikanayo anakhumudwa kwambiri ndi kusudzulana kwa abambo ndi amayi ake. Ndiye banja Franklin ankakhala mu Detroit (Michigan). Mayiyo sanafune kukhala pansi pa denga limodzi ndi mwamuna wake wakale. Iye sanapeze njira yabwino kuposa kusiya ana ndi kupita ku New York.
Ali ndi zaka 10, luso loimba la Aretha linawululidwa. Bamboyo anaona kuti mwana wawo wamkazi anali wokonda nyimbo ndipo anamulowetsa m’kwaya ya tchalitchi. Ngakhale kuti mawu a mtsikanayo anali asanakhazikitsidwe, owonerera ambiri adasonkhana kuti azichita. Atate ananena kuti Aretha ndi ngale ya The Bethel Baptist Church.
Kutulutsidwa kwa Album ya Aretha Franklin
Talente ya Franklin idawululidwa m'ma 1950s. Apa m'pamene iye anachita pemphero "Wokondedwa Ambuye" pamaso pa 4,5 zikwi. Panthawi ya seweroli, Arete anali ndi zaka 14 zokha. Gospel adadabwa ndikudabwitsa yemwe adapanga dzina la JVB Records. Anapereka kulemba chimbale choyamba cha Franklin. Posakhalitsa, okonda nyimbo anali kusangalala ndi nyimbo za Aretha yekha, zomwe zimatchedwa Songs of Faith.
Nyimbo zachimbale zoyambira zidajambulidwa panthawi yomwe kwaya ya tchalitchi idayimba. Pazonse, zosonkhanitsira zikuphatikizapo 9 nyimbo. Chimbale ichi chatulutsidwanso kangapo.
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, munthu angaganize kuti ntchito yoimba ya Aretha yatsala pang'ono kuyamba. Koma kunalibe kumeneko. Anawauza bambo ake za mimbayo. Mtsikanayo ankayembekezera mwana wachitatu. Pamene mwana wake anabadwa, iye anali ndi zaka 17.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1950, Franklin anaganiza kuti sanali wosangalala kukhala mayi wosakwatiwa. Kukhala kunyumba ndi ana kunawononga ntchito yake. Anasiya ana m’manja mwa papa ndipo anapita kukagonjetsa New York.
Njira yolenga ya Aretha Franklin
Atasamukira ku New York, woimbayo wamng'ono sanataye nthawi yamtengo wapatali. Mtsikanayo adatumiza kujambula kwa The Gospel Soul ya Aretha Franklin (studio yotulutsanso Nyimbo za Chikhulupiriro) kumakampani angapo.
Si malemba onse omwe adayankha kuti agwirizane, koma makampani atatu adalumikizana ndi Aretha. Chotsatira chake, woyimba wakuda adasankha m'malo mwa Columbia Records, kumene John Hammond ankagwira ntchito.
Monga nthawi yasonyezera, Franklin analakwitsa powerengera. Columbia Records sankadziwa momwe angadziwitse woimbayo kwa okonda nyimbo. M'malo molola woimbayo kuti amupeze "Ine", chizindikirocho chinamupangitsa kukhala woimba wa pop.
Kwa zaka 6, Aretha Franklin watulutsa pafupifupi 10 Albums. Otsutsa nyimbo adasilira mawu a woimbayo, koma adanena chinthu chimodzi chokhudza nyimbozo: "Zopanda pake." Zolembazo zidagawidwa m'magawo ofunikira, koma nyimbo sizinakhudze ma chart.
Mwina chimbale chodziwika kwambiri panthawiyi ndi Chosaiwalika - msonkho woperekedwa kwa woyimba wokondedwa wa Aretha Dinah Washington. Aretha Franklin adati m'modzi mwamafunso ake:
“Ndinamva Dina ndili mwana. Bambo anga ankawadziwa koma ine sindinkawadziwa. Mobisa, ndinamusirira. Ndinkafuna kupereka nyimbo kwa Dina. Sindinayese kutengera mawonekedwe ake apadera, ndimangoyimba nyimbo zake momwe moyo wanga udawamvera ... ".
Kugwirizana ndi wopanga Jerry Wexler
Chapakati pa 1960s, mgwirizano wake ndi Columbia Records udatha. Wopanga Atlantic Records Jerry Wexler adapatsa Aretha mgwirizano wopindulitsa mu 1966. Anavomera. Franklin adayambanso kuyimba moyo wake wanthawi zonse komanso wochokera pansi pamtima.
Wopangayo anali ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu kwa woimbayo. Ankafuna kujambula chimbale cha jazi ndi Music Emporium. Mawu olemera kale a Aretha Franklin Jerry ankafuna kuthandizira nyimbo za Eric Clapton, Dwayne Allman ndi Kissy Houston. Koma kachiwiri, zinthu sizinayende monga momwe adakonzera.
Pamsonkhano wa situdiyo, mwamuna wa Aretha (manijala waganyu Ted White) anayambitsa ndewu moledzera ndi mmodzi mwa oimbawo. Wopangayo adakakamizika kuthamangitsa Franklin ndi mwamuna wake. Woimbayo adakwanitsa kujambula nyimbo imodzi yokha mothandizidwa ndi Jerry. Tikukamba za nyimbo yakuti I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You).
Zolemba izi zidakhala zotchuka kwambiri. Aretha ankafuna kuti amalize kujambula chimbalecho. Mu 1967, chimbale chodzaza ndi studio chinali chokonzeka. Zosonkhanitsazo zidakwera mpaka pa nambala 2 pa tchati cha dziko lonse. Ntchito yoimba ya Franklin inayamba.
Aretha Franklin anapitiriza kudzaza ma discography ake ndi Albums. Kuphatikizika kwa Lady Soul, komwe kudatulutsidwa mu 1968, ndikofunikira kwambiri. Mu 2003, Rolling Stone adayika chimbale #84 pamndandanda wawo wa Ma Album 500 Opambana Kwambiri Nthawi Zonse.
Ngale ya Album tatchulazi anali zikuchokera Ulemu, woimba woyamba amene anali Otis Redding. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti nyimboyi inakhala nyimbo yosavomerezeka ya gulu lachikazi, ndipo Aretha anakhala nkhope ya akazi akuda. Komanso, chifukwa cha nyimboyi, Franklin analandira mphoto yake yoyamba ya Grammy.
Kuchepetsa kutchuka kwa Aretha Franklin
M'zaka za m'ma 1970, nyimbo za Aretha Franklin zinali zochepa kwambiri pazithunzi. Dzina lake linaiwalika pang’onopang’ono. Iyo sinali nthawi yophweka kwambiri m'moyo wa wojambulayo. Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1980, abambo ake anamwalira, adasudzula mwamuna wake ... ndipo manja a Aretha adagwa.
Wojambulayo adatsitsimutsidwa ndikuwombera mu kanema "The Blues Brothers" (The Blues Brothers). Firimuyi ikufotokoza za amuna omwe amasankha kutsitsimutsa gulu lakale la blues kuti asamutsire ndalamazo ku malo osungira ana amasiye kumene iwo anakulirapo kale. Franklin anatsimikizira kukhala wojambula bwino. Pambuyo pake adasewera mu kanema wa The Blues Brothers 2000.
Posakhalitsa woimbayo adasiya chidwi chojambulira nyimbo za solo. Tsopano iye makamaka analemba nyimbo nyimbo duet. Chifukwa chake, nyimboyo I Knew You were Waiting, yomwe idaperekedwa chapakati pa 1980s ndi George Michael, idatenga malo oyamba pa Billboard Hot 1.
Pambuyo pa kupambana kwakukulu, maubwenzi osapambana ndi Christina Aguilera, Gloria Estefan, Mariah Carey, Frank Sinatra ndi ena adatsatira.
Nthawi imeneyi imadziwika ndi ndandanda yotanganidwa yoyendera. Aretha Franklin wachita pafupifupi mbali zonse za dziko lapansi. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti adagwiritsa ntchito zojambulira zamakonsati kupanga mavidiyo.
Moyo wa Aretha Franklin
Sitingathe kunena motsimikiza kuti moyo wa Franklin unali wopambana. Mkaziyo anakwatiwa kawiri. Mu 1961, anakwatiwa ndi Ted White. Mu ukwati uwu, banjali anakhala zaka 8. Kenako Artera anakhala mkazi wa Glynn Turman, mu 1984 mgwirizano uwu unatha.
Madzulo a tsiku lake lobadwa la 70th, Aretha Franklin adalengeza kuti akwatirana kachitatu. Komabe, kutatsala masiku ochepa kuti chikondwererochi chichitike, zinadziwika kuti mkaziyo wathetsa ukwatiwo.
Franklin adachitikanso ngati mayi. Anali ndi ana anayi. Ali mwana, Aretha analera ana aamuna awiri, Clarence ndi Edward. Pakatikati mwa zaka za m'ma 1960, woimbayo anabala mwana wamwamuna wa mwamuna wake, mnyamatayo dzina lake Ted White Jr. Mwana womaliza anabadwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970 kwa woyang'anira Ken Cunningham. Franklin adatcha mwana wake Cecalf.
Zosangalatsa za Aretha Franklin
- Aretha Franklin ali ndi mphoto 18 za Grammy. Kuphatikiza apo, adakhala mkazi woyamba kulowetsedwa mu Rock and Roll Hall of Fame ndi Museum.
- Aretha Franklin adayimba pamwambo wotsegulira atsogoleri atatu a US - Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton ndi Barack Obama.
- Mbiri yayikulu ya Franklin ndi moyo ndi R&B, koma mu 1998 "adaswa dongosolo". Pamwambo wa Grammy Awards, woyimbayo adachita aria Nessun Dorma kuchokera ku opera Turandot yolembedwa ndi Giacomo Puccini.
- Aretha Franklin akuwopa kuwuluka. Panthawi ya moyo wake, mkaziyo sanawuluke, koma anayendayenda padziko lonse pa basi yomwe ankakonda kwambiri.
- Asteroid inatchedwa Aretha. Chochitika ichi chinachitika kale mu 2014. Dzina lovomerezeka la cosmic body ndi 249516 Aretha.
Imfa ya Aretha Franklin
Mu 2010, Arete anapatsidwa matenda okhumudwitsa. Woimbayo adapezeka ndi khansa. Ngakhale zinali choncho, iye anapitirizabe kuchita pa siteji. Franklin adachita komaliza pa konsati yothandizira Elton John AIDS Foundation mu 2017.
Inali nthawi imeneyi pomwe zithunzi zowopsa za Aretha zidawonekera - adataya 39 kg ndipo adawoneka wotopa. Franklin ankadziwa kuti palibe kubwerera. Anasazikatu okondedwa ake. Madokotala ananeneratu za imfa yomwe ikubwera ya munthu wotchuka. Aretha Franklin anamwalira pa Ogasiti 16, 2018 ali ndi zaka 76.
