Felix Mendelssohn ndi wochititsa chidwi komanso wopeka nyimbo. Masiku ano, dzina lake limagwirizanitsidwa ndi "Ukwati wa March", popanda mwambo waukwati womwe ungaganizidwe.
Zinali zofunikira m'mayiko onse a ku Ulaya. Akuluakulu apamwamba ankagoma ndi nyimbo zake. Pokhala ndi chikumbukiro chapadera, Mendelssohn adapanga nyimbo zambirimbiri zomwe zidaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa nyimbo zosafa.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Felix anali ndi mwayi wobadwira m'banja lolemera. Ndipo si gawo lazachuma lokha. Mtsogoleri wa banja anali ndi udindo wa wotsogolera nyumba ya banki, ndipo, mwa zina, anali wodziwa bwino za luso. Agogo Mendelssohn anamupatsa cholowa - kulankhula ndi nzeru. Iye anali wanthanthi wotchuka.
Wolemba nyimbo wotchukayo akuchokera ku Hamburg. Tsiku lobadwa la maestro ndi February 3, 1809. Felike anabadwira m’banja lalikulu. Iye anali amazipanga mwayi, chifukwa makolo ake anali ndi mwayi wopatsa ana awo maphunziro ndi kulera bwino. Alendo olemekezeka nthawi zambiri ankabwera ku nyumba ya Mendelssohn - kuchokera kwa akatswiri afilosofi ndi olemba ndakatulo kupita kwa olemba nyimbo ndi oimba otchuka.
Mayi a Felix anaona kuti mwana wawo ankakonda kuimba. Anatha kutsogolera luso la kulenga la Mendelssohn m'njira yoyenera mu nthawi. Iye anayamba kuphunzira nyimbo notation, komanso ntchito mwakhama ndi mphunzitsi Ludwig Berger. Felix ankadziwa kuimba violin ndi violin, ndipo posakhalitsa anaganiza zophunziranso kuyimba piyano. Ngakhale kuti anali wamng'ono, Mendelssohn anali munthu wotukuka kwambiri. Mogwirizana ndi maphunziro a zida zoimbira, amakulitsanso luso lake la mawu.
Ntchito zoyamba kuchokera ku cholembera cha Mendelssohn zinatuluka ali ndi zaka 9. Mnyamatayo analemba makamaka zidutswa zazifupi za nyimbo za piyano ndi chiwalo. Alendo olemekezeka omwe adayendera nyumba ya maestro adasilira luso lake.
Posakhalitsa konsati yoyamba ya woimba inachitika. Komabe, Mendelssohn sanayese kugonjera nyimbo zapagulu za zolemba zake. Pamaso pa anthu, ankaimba nyimbo, pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito za olemba ena. Posakhalitsa adakondweretsa omvera ndi masewero a "Adzukulu Awiri".
Banja la Mendelssohn linayenda kwambiri. Ali wachinyamata, Felix anapita ku Paris kokongola ndi abambo ake. M'dziko latsopano, talente wamng'ono anasonyeza ntchito zake zoimba. Mendelssohn analemba kumeneko mosangalala kwambiri, koma iye sanakhutire ndi maganizo amene analipo mu France.
Atafika kunyumba, anakhala pansi kulemba opera Camacho's Marriage. Mu 1825 ntchitoyo inamalizidwa kotheratu ndipo inaperekedwa kwa anthu wamba.
Njira yolenga ya maestro Felix Mendelssohn
1831 chinali chaka chodziwika bwino kwa akatswiri. Unali chaka chino pomwe adapereka chithunzithunzi chowoneka bwino ku sewero lanthabwala la Shakespeare la A Midsummer Night's Dream. Ntchitoyi inali yodzaza ndi mawu komanso chikondi chachikondi. Mbali ina ya mwambowu inali ndi ulendo waukwati womwe aliyense akuudziwa lero. Pa nthawi ya kulengedwa kwa ntchitoyo, wolembayo anali asanakwanitse zaka 17.
Chaka chotsatira, kusintha kwa siteji kwa Ukwati wa Camacho kunachitika. Otsutsa nyimbo adalankhula bwino za ntchitoyo, zomwe sitinganene za gulu la zisudzo. Otsatirawa sanapatse ntchito ya maestro mwayi wokhala ndi moyo. Wolemba nyimboyo anavutika maganizo. Pambuyo pake, akuganiza zochoka ku zisudzo ndikuyang'ana pakupanga zida zoimbira. Zochita zogwira mtima sizinalepheretse wolembayo kuphunzira ku yunivesite. Humboldt, yomwe inali ku Berlin.
Fano lachinyamata la Felix linali Bach. Panthawiyo, Bach kwa anthu ambiri a ku Ulaya anali ofanana ndi Mulungu. Posakhalitsa Mendelssohn anapereka The Matthew Passion. Anapereka chilengedwe chosafa Bach zatsopano, zomveka bwino. Panthawiyo, idakhala imodzi mwazochitika zapamwamba kwambiri zapachaka. Pambuyo pake, Felike anapita ulendo wake woyamba waukulu.
Ulendo wa Felix Mendelssohn
Maestro anapita kudera la London. Pamaso pa anthu ovutitsa, woimbayo adachita ntchito zomwe adalemba yekha. Kuphatikiza apo, adasewera nyimbo zomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi Weber ndi Beethoven. Pa nthawi yomweyo anapita ku Scotland. Pochita chidwi ndi kukongola kopanda pake, amalenga Scottish Symphony.
Pamene Felike anabwerera kwawo ku Germany, analandiridwa ndi ulemu waukulu. Anabwerera ngati munthu wotchuka weniweni. Ma concerts ake ankathandizidwa ndi bambo ake, omwe ankaona kuti mwana wawo ndi katswiri weniweni. Pambuyo popuma pang'ono, woimbayo amapita ku Austria, Italy, France. Posachedwapa adzapitanso ku Roma. Kunali pano kuti alembe The First Walpurgis Night. Pothandizira ntchito yatsopanoyi, Mendelssohn adzapitanso paulendo.
Pa nthawi yomweyo anatenga udindo wa mkulu wa gulu la oimba la Gewandhaus. Antchito amene anali m’gulu la oimbawo anadzala ndi chikondi ndi ulemu waukulu kwa mtsogoleri watsopanoyo. Oimba adayendera kwambiri, ndipo adatchuka mwachangu ku Europe. Posakhalitsa Felike anayamba kulemba triptych "Eliya - Paulo - Khristu".
Mu 1841, chochitika china chofunika kwambiri chinachitikira Felike. Chowonadi ndi chakuti Friedrich Wilhelm IV adalangiza mphunzitsi wamkulu kuti asinthe Royal Academy of Arts ku Berlin. Pa nthawi yomweyo, wopeka anapereka zodabwitsa oratorio Elia. Otsutsa ndi okonda nyimbo adavomereza mwachikondi zachilendo kuti Mendelssohn adalimbikitsidwanso. Ankafuna kupitiriza kupanga ndi kukondweretsa mafani omwe amatsatira ntchito yake ndi nyimbo zatsopano.
Kupanga sikunalepheretse Mendelssohn kuganiza za zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Ankafuna kuti apange malo ophunzirira anthu omwe amatsatira nyimbo. Maestro adapempha kukhazikitsidwa kwa Leipzig Conservatory. Linatsegulidwa mu 1843, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, chithunzi cha "bambo" wake - Felix Mendelssohn - chikadali pakhoma la maphunziro.
Tsatanetsatane wa moyo waumwini
Moyo waumwini wa maestro wakula bwino kwambiri. Anatha kupeza mkazi yemwe adakhala kwa iye osati chikondi cha moyo wake, komanso nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale. Cecile Jeanrenot - lomwe linali dzina la mkazi wa maestro, anakhala thandizo ndi chithandizo cha Mendelssohn. Awiriwa adalembetsa mwalamulo ubale wawo mu 1836. Anali mwana wamkazi wa abusa. Cecile ankadziwika ndi khalidwe labwino komanso khalidwe lodandaula.
Mkaziyo anauzira wolemba nyimboyo kulemba ntchito zatsopano. Chifukwa cha bata lachibadwa la Cecile, mgwirizano ndi chitonthozo cha banja zidalamulira mnyumbamo. Muukwati uwu, banjali linali ndi ana 5.
Zochititsa chidwi za wolemba nyimbo Felix Mendelssohn
- Mendelssohn anali bwenzi ndi olemba otchuka - Chopin ndi Liszt.
- Felike anali dokotala wa filosofi.
- Analemba ntchito zazikulu zoposa 100.
- Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ya wolembayo ili ku Germany, ku Leipzig, m'nyumba yomweyi pomwe adapulumuka sitiroko yake yomaliza.
- "Ukwati March" unakhala wotchuka pambuyo pa imfa ya maestro.
Zaka zomaliza za moyo wa maestro
Mu 1846 anayamba kudwala. Anabwerera pambuyo pa ulendo ndipo anayamba kulemba triptych "Khristu". Thanzi la Felix linayamba kufooka, moti zinali zovuta kuti abwererenso kuntchito. Wolemba nyimboyo anamva chisoni kwambiri. Anadwala kufooka ndi mutu waching'alang'ala. Madokotala analimbikitsa Mendelssohn kutenga yopuma kulenga.
Posakhalitsa mlongo wa woimbayo anamwalira, ndipo chochitika ichi chinakulitsa mkhalidwe wa katswiriyo. Iye anavutika kwambiri ndi imfa ya munthu wokondedwa. M'dzinja la 1847, Mendelssohn anadwala sitiroko ndipo sanathe kuchira kwa nthawi yaitali. Mkhalidwe wa woimbayo unakula. Iye sankayenda nkomwe. Patatha mwezi umodzi, sitirokoyo inayambiranso. Tsoka, thupi lake silinathe kupirira ndi nkhonyayo. Wolemba nyimboyo anamwalira pa November 4, 1847.
