Giacomo Puccini amatchedwa opera maestro. Iye ndi mmodzi mwa atatu oimba nyimbo kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Amalankhula za iye ngati wopeka kwambiri wa "verismo" malangizo.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Iye anabadwa pa December 22, 1858 m'tauni yaing'ono ya Lucca. Anali ndi tsogolo lovuta. Pamene anali ndi zaka 5, bambo ake anamwalira momvetsa chisoni. Anamupatsa kukonda nyimbo. Bambo ake anali woimba wobadwa nawo. Bambo ake atamwalira, mavuto onse osamalira ndi kulera ana asanu ndi atatu anagwera pa mapewa a mayiyo.
Maphunziro a nyimbo a mnyamatayo anali amalume ake Fortunato Maggi. Anaphunzitsa ku Lyceum, komanso anali mtsogoleri wa nyumba yopemphereramo. Kuyambira ali ndi zaka 10, Puccini ankaimba m’kwaya ya tchalitchi. Komanso, ankaimba limba mwaluso.
Puccini anatsatira loto limodzi kuyambira unyamata - ankafuna kumva nyimbo za Giuseppe Verdi. Maloto ake anakwaniritsidwa ali ndi zaka 18. Kenako Giacomo, pamodzi ndi anzake, anapita ku Pisa kumvetsera Verdi opera Aida. Unali ulendo wautali, wa makilomita 40. Atamva kulengedwa kokongola kwa Giuseppe, sanadandaule chifukwa cha khama lake. Pambuyo pake, Puccini adazindikira komwe akufuna kupita patsogolo.
Mu 1880 adayandikira gawo limodzi ku maloto ake. Kenako adaphunzira pasukulu yotchuka ya Milan Conservatory. Anatha zaka 4 kusukulu. Pa nthawiyi, wachibale wake, Nicolao Cheru, ankagwira ntchito yosamalira banja la Puccini. Kwenikweni, adalipira maphunziro a Giacomo.
Njira yolenga ndi nyimbo za wolemba Giacomo Puccini
Pa gawo la Milan, iye analemba buku lake loyamba. Tikulankhula za opera "Willis". Analemba ntchitoyi kuti atenge nawo mbali pa mpikisano wanyimbo wamba. Sanapambane, koma mpikisanowo unamupatsa zina. Anakopa chidwi cha mkulu wa nyumba yosindikizira mabuku, Giulio Ricordi, yemwe adafalitsa zambiri za olembawo. Pafupifupi ntchito zonse zomwe zidatuluka m'cholembera cha Puccini zidasindikizidwa ku bungwe la Ricordi. "Willis" adawonetsedwa m'malo owonetserako. Seweroli linalandiridwa mwachikondi ndi anthu.
Pambuyo poyambira bwino kwambiri, oimira nyumba yosindikizira adalumikizana ndi Puccini. Iwo anaitanitsa opera yatsopano kuchokera kwa woipeka. Siinali nthawi yabwino kwambiri yolembera nyimbo. Giacomo anakumana ndi vuto lalikulu la maganizo. Zoona zake n’zakuti mayi ake anamwalira ndi khansa. Kuphatikiza apo, maestro anali ndi mwana wapathengo. Ndipo matemberero adamugwera chifukwa adalumikiza moyo wake ndi mkazi wokwatiwa.
Mu 1889, nyumba yosindikizira inafalitsa sewero la Edgar. Pambuyo pakuwonekera kowala kotereku, palibe ntchito yabwino kwambiri yomwe ikuyembekezeka kuchokera ku Puccini. Koma sewerolo silinasangalatse otsutsa nyimbo kapena anthu. Sewerolo linalandiridwa ndi manja awiri. Choyamba, izi ndi chifukwa cha chiwembu chopusa komanso choletsa. Opera anaimbidwa kangapo chabe. Puccini ankafuna kubweretsa sewero ku ungwiro, kotero kwa zaka zingapo anachotsa mbali zina ndi kulemba zatsopano.
Manon Lescaut anali opera yachitatu ya maestro. Adauziridwa ndi buku la Antoine Francois Prévost. Wolembayo adagwira ntchito pa opera kwa zaka zinayi. Cholengedwa chatsopanocho chinakondweretsa omvera kwambiri kotero kuti atatha kuchita masewerawa adakakamizika kugwada maulendo oposa 10. Pambuyo pa sewero loyamba la opera, Puccini anayamba kutchedwa wotsatira Verdi.
Chokhumudwitsa ndi wolemba nyimbo Giacomo Puccini
Posakhalitsa, nyimbo za Giacomo zinawonjezeredwa ndi opera ina. Iyi ndi sewero lachinayi la maestro. Woimbayo adapereka kwa anthu ntchito yabwino kwambiri "La Boheme".
opera imeneyi inalembedwa m’mikhalidwe yovuta. Nthawi yomweyo ndi maestro, wolemba wina, Puccini Leoncavallo, adalemba nyimbo za opera Scenes kuchokera ku Life of Bohemia. Oimbawo adalumikizidwa osati chifukwa chokonda zisudzo zokha, komanso ndi ubwenzi wolimba.
Pambuyo pa sewero loyamba la zisudzo ziwiri, mphekesera zidabuka m'manyuzipepala. Otsutsa nyimbo ankakangana za amene ntchito yake inachititsa chidwi omvera. Okonda nyimbo zakale amakonda Giacomo.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, anthu a ku Ulaya anachita chidwi sewero wanzeru "Tosca", wolemba amene anali wolemba ndakatulo Giuseppe Giacosa. Wopeka nyimboyo anachitanso chidwi kwambiri ndi nyimboyi. Pambuyo kuwonekera koyamba kugulu, iye ankafuna kukumana mlembi wa kupanga, Victorien Sardou. Iye ankafuna kulemba zotsatira za nyimbo za sewerolo.
Ntchito yoyimba nyimbo idatenga zaka zingapo. Ntchitoyo italembedwa, kuwonekera koyamba kugulu kwa opera Tosca kunachitika ku Teatro Costanzi. Chochitikacho chinachitika pa January 14, 1900. Aria ya Cavaradossi, yomwe idamveka mu sewero lachitatu, imatha kumvekabe mpaka pano ngati nyimbo yamakanema ndi makanema apa TV.
Kuchepetsa kutchuka kwa maestro Giacomo Puccini
Mu 1904, Puccini anapereka sewero la Madama Butterfly kwa anthu. Kuyamba kwa zikuchokera zinachitika mu Italy pa chapakati zisudzo "La Scala". Giacomo adawerengera masewerawa kuti alimbikitse ulamuliro wake. Komabe, ntchitoyo inalandiridwa mwachikondi ndi anthu. Ndipo otsutsa nyimbo adawona kuti sewero lalitali la mphindi 90 lidakopa omvera. Pambuyo pake zinadziwika kuti mpikisano wa Puccini anayesa kumuchotsa ku gawo la nyimbo. Chotero otsutsawo anapatsidwa chiphuphu.
Wopeka nyimboyo, yemwe sanazolowere kuluza, anayamba kukonza zolakwa zimene anachita. Anaganiziranso ndemanga za otsutsa nyimbo, kotero kuwonetseratu kwatsopano kwa Madama Butterfly kunachitika ku Brescia pa May 28. Ndi seweroli lomwe Giacomo adawona ngati ntchito yofunika kwambiri pagulu lake.
Nthawi imeneyi idadziwika ndi zochitika zingapo zomvetsa chisoni zomwe zidakhudza kulenga kwa maestro. Mu 1903, iye anachita ngozi yaikulu ya galimoto. Woyang'anira nyumba yake Doria Manfredi adamwalira mwakufuna kwawo atakakamizidwa ndi mkazi wa Puccini. Izi zitadziwika, khoti linalamula Giacomo kuti alipire chipukuta misozi ku banja la womwalirayo. Posakhalitsa bwenzi lake lokhulupirika Giulio Ricordi, yemwe anayambitsa chitukuko cha ntchito ya maestro, anamwalira.
Zochitika izi zinakhudza kwambiri mkhalidwe wamaganizo wa woimbayo, komabe adayesetsa kulenga. Panthawi imeneyi, iye anapereka opera "Mtsikana ku West". Komanso, iye anayamba kusintha operetta "Kumeza". Chotsatira chake, Puccini anapereka ntchitoyi ngati opera.
Posakhalitsa Maestro anapereka opera "Triptych" kwa mafani a ntchito yake. Ntchitoyi inaphatikizapo masewero atatu amtundu umodzi momwe munali mayiko osiyanasiyana - zoopsa, zoopsa, ndi farce.
Mu 1920, anakumana ndi sewero "Turandot" (Carlo Grossi). Woimbayo anazindikira kuti anali asanamvepo nyimbo zoterezi, choncho ankafuna kupanga nyimbo zoimbira nyimbo. Iye sanathe kumaliza ntchito pa chidutswa cha nyimbo. Panthawi imeneyi, maganizo ake anasintha kwambiri. Anayamba kulemba nyimbo, koma mwamsanga anasiya ntchito. Puccini analephera kumaliza ntchito yomaliza.
Tsatanetsatane wa moyo wa Maestro Giacomo Puccini
Moyo waumwini wa maestro unali wodzaza ndi zochitika zosangalatsa. Kumayambiriro kwa 1886, Puccini adakondana ndi mkazi wokwatiwa, Elvira Bonturi. Posakhalitsa banjali linakhala ndi mwana wamwamuna, yemwe anamutcha dzina la bambo omubala. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti mtsikanayo anali kale ndi ana awiri kuchokera kwa mwamuna wake. Pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa mwana, Elvira anasamukira m'nyumba ndi mlongo wake Puccini. Anatenga mwana wake wamkazi yekha.
Atakhala paubwenzi ndi mkazi wokwatiwa, Giacomo anaukiridwa ndi mawu okwiya ochokera kwa anthu okhala mumzindawo. Osati okhalamo okha, komanso achibale a woimbayo adatsutsana naye. Pamene mwamuna wa Elvira anamwalira, Puccini anatha kubweza mkaziyo.
Zinanenedwa kuti wolembayo, pambuyo pa zaka 18 za ukwati wa boma, sanafune kukwatira Elvira. Pa nthawiyi n’kuti atayamba kukonda kwambiri Corinna, yemwe ankamukonda kwambiri. Elvira anachitapo kanthu kuti athetse mdani wakeyo. Panthawiyo, Giacomo anali akuchira, choncho sanathe kutsutsa mayiyo. Elvira anatha kuthetsa kukongola wamng'ono ndi kutenga malo a mkazi boma.
Anthu a m'nthawi yake ananena kuti Elvira ndi Giacomo anali ndi anthu osiyana kwambiri. Mayiyo ankavutika maganizo kawirikawiri komanso kusinthasintha kwa maganizo, anali wokhwima maganizo komanso wokayikira. Puccini, m'malo mwake, anali wotchuka chifukwa cha khalidwe lake lodandaula. Anali ndi nthabwala zazikulu. Iye ankafuna kuthandiza anthu. Muukwati uwu, wolembayo sanapeze chisangalalo m'moyo wake waumwini.
Mfundo zosangalatsa za wolemba
- Puccini sankangokonda nyimbo zokha. Iye sakanatha kulingalira moyo wake popanda akavalo, kusaka ndi agalu.
- Mu 1900, maloto ake omwe ankawakonda kwambiri anakwaniritsidwa. Mfundo ndi yakuti anadzimangira nyumba m'malo okongola a tchuthi lake lachilimwe - Tuscan Torre del Lago, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Massacciuccoli.
- Patatha chaka chimodzi atagula malowo, anagulanso m’galaja yake. Adatha kugula galimoto ya De Dion Bouton.
- Anali ndi mabwato anayi oyendetsa galimoto ndi njinga zamoto zingapo.
- Puccini anali wokongola. Kampani yotchuka ya Borsalino inamupangira zipewa malinga ndi miyeso ya munthu payekha.
Zaka zomaliza za moyo ndi imfa ya maestro
Mu 1923, maestro adapezeka ndi chotupa pakhosi pake. Madokotala anayesa kupulumutsa moyo wa Puccini, ngakhale kumuchita opaleshoni. Komabe, opaleshoni inangowonjezera mkhalidwe wa Giacomo. Opaleshoniyo sinapambane inachititsa kuti myocardial infarction.
Patatha chaka chimodzi atamupeza, adapita ku Brussels kuti akalandire chithandizo chapadera choletsa khansa. Opaleshoniyo inatenga maola a 3, koma pamapeto pake, opaleshoniyi inapha maestro. Anamwalira pa 29 November.
Atatsala pang’ono kumwalira, analemba m’kalata yake imodzi kuti seweroli likufa, m’badwo watsopano umafunika mawu osiyana. Malinga ndi wopeka, m'badwo sulinso chidwi ndi nyimbo ndi mawu a ntchito.
