The Velvet Underground ndi gulu la rock laku America lochokera ku United States of America. Oyimbawo adayima pa chiyambi cha nyimbo za rock zoyeserera komanso zoyeserera.
Ngakhale kuti anathandizira kwambiri chitukuko cha nyimbo za rock, ma Albums a gululi sanagulitse bwino kwambiri. Koma omwe adagula zosonkhanitsazo adakhala mafani a "gulu" kwamuyaya, kapena adapanga gulu lawo la rock.
Otsutsa nyimbo samatsutsa kuti ntchito ya gululo inasintha kwambiri mbiri ya nyimbo za rock. Velvet Underground ndi amodzi mwa magulu oyamba omwe adadzilola kuyesa molimba mtima njira ya avant-garde.
Zosamveka bwino, zomveka zoyambira komanso mawu ankhanza, owoneka bwino Lou Rida zakhudza kwambiri chitukuko cha punk, phokoso la rock ndi thanthwe lina.
Kuwonetsedwa kwa chimbale choyambirira kunakhudza kwambiri chitukuko cha post-punk. Kuyesera ndi ndemanga ndi phokoso pa diski yotsatira - pa rock ya phokoso ndi phokoso la pop, makamaka pa gulu la Jesus and Mary Chain. Ndipo mawu omveka a phokoso la gulu lachitatu kuchokera ku discography ya gululi ali pa rock ya indie ndi folk rock.
Tsoka ilo, oimba a gululi adadziwika padziko lonse lapansi pambuyo pa kugwa kwa gululi. Pa nthawi yochepa ya gululi, ntchito yawo sinali yofunidwa. Nyimbo za nthawi yayitali zidadutsa okonda nyimbo, zomwe zidapangitsa mamembala a gulu kulengeza kutha kwa ntchito zawo.
Mbiri ya chilengedwe ndi mapangidwe a gulu
Pachiyambi cha gululi pali oimba awiri aluso. Woyamba mwa awa, Lou Reed, adabadwa pa Marichi 2, 1942. Panthawi ina, anali membala wamagulu omwe adapanga nyimbo zamtundu wa rock garaja. Kuphatikiza apo, adalemba nyimbo zamtundu umodzi waukulu.
Wachiwiri, John Cale, anabadwa pa March 9, 1942. Mnyamatayo anabwera ku USA kuchokera ku Wales kuti adzipereke yekha, tsoka, osati ku nyimbo zolemetsa, koma ku classics.
Nditakumana ndi Reed m'ma 1960, zidapezeka kuti achinyamata adalumikizana ndi nyimbo zomwe amakonda. Kwenikweni, ndi kudziwana ndi achinyamata, mbiri yaing'ono ya Velvet Underground inayamba. Oimbawo anayamba kuyeserera kwambiri ndi kuyesa mawu.
Awiriwo poyambirira adachita pansi pa dzina lakuti The Primitives. Posakhalitsa Reid ndi John adalumikizana ndi woyimba gitala Sterling Morrison komanso woyimba ng'oma Angus Maclise. Gulu lopanga pseudonym lasintha kangapo pomwe anyamatawo adavomereza dzina la gululo.
Chapakati pa zaka za m’ma 1960, anthu a m’gulu latsopanolo anayamba kuyeserera mwakhama. Zolemba za nthawi imeneyi ndi zopepuka komanso zaphokoso. Mu 1965, nyimbo yoyamba inalembedwa m'nyumba ya mmodzi wa oimba. Nyimboyi idaperekedwa kuti imvere Mick Jagger wotchuka, koma adanyalanyaza ntchito ya The Velvet Underground.
Angus anali woyamba kusiya gululo. Woimbayo adachoka pagululi anyamatawo atalipidwa chifukwa choimba koyamba. Maclise anakhala munthu wotsatira mfundo zake. Anachoka ndi mawu oti kulenga sikugulitsa.
Malo a Angus sanali opanda kanthu kwa nthawi yayitali. Inatengedwa ndi mtsikana wotchedwa Maureen Tucker, yemwe ankaimba tom ndi bass ng'oma. Woyimba nyimbo wapachiyambiyo adapanga kayimbidwe kake panjira zotsogola. Amagwirizana bwino ndi kalembedwe kameneka.
Nyimbo ndi The Velvet Underground
Oimba a gulu latsopano adapeza chithandizo mwa munthu wa sewerolo Andy Warhol. Anapatsa anyamatawo mwayi wojambula pa studio yojambula nyimbo ya Verve Records.
Posakhalitsa sewerolo anaitana membala watsopano gulu - German Niko. Ndi iye, oimba anatulutsa Album yawo kuwonekera koyamba kugulu, amene anali kale m'masitolo nyimbo mu 1967. M'malo mwake, chimbalecho chinafotokoza "mawu atsopano" mu nyimbo za rock. Ngakhale izi zinali choncho, chimbalecho chinalandiridwa mwansangala ndi mafani, ndipo chinafika pamalo otsiriza pamwamba pa ma chart 200 a Billboard.
Izi zitachitika, Nico ndi Warhol adasiya kugwira ntchito ndi The Velvet Underground. Mu 1967, ndi manejala Tom Wilson, oimba adagwira ntchito yopanga White Light / White Heat. Nyimbo za chimbale chatsopanocho zinasiyanitsidwa ndi phokoso lamphamvu kwambiri. Munalibe ngakhale mawu ochepa chabe mwa iwo. Zoyesayesa za oimba zidalephereka. Zolemba izi zidakhala "zolephera" zazikulu kuposa ntchito yam'mbuyomu.
Kutayika sikunalimbikitse mamembala kuti agwirizane. Mochulukirachulukira, panali mikangano ndi kusagwirizana m’gululo. Posakhalitsa Cale adalengeza kwa "mafani" kuti akusiya ntchitoyi. Gululo linagwira ntchito pa chimbale chachitatu ndi woimba wina. Tikukamba za luso Doug Yulia.
Chimbale chachitatu cha studio The Velvet Underground, kuchokera pazamalonda, chidakhala "cholephera" mtheradi. Ngakhale izi, pambuyo pa kutulutsidwa kwa choperekacho, "kutembenuka" kunayamba, ndipo nyimbozo zinapeza nyimbo ndi zolemba za anthu.
Lou Reed chifukwa cholephera adakhumudwitsidwa kwathunthu ndi gululo. Analengeza kwa mafani za chiyambi cha ntchito yake payekha. Panthawiyo, ntchito pa chimbale chachinayi mu discography anali kumalizidwa. Mwa njira, situdiyo Album latsopano anakhala chigonjetso choyamba gulu.
Kuwonetsedwa kwa chimbale chachinayi cha studio komanso kutha kwa gululo
Polemekeza kutulutsidwa kwa chimbale chachinayi, gululi linapanga maulendo osati ku United States of America kokha, komanso kunja kwa dziko lawo. Album yachinayi Yodzaza inapatsa mafani chiyembekezo kuti zonse sizinataye.
Magulu a gululo adayamba kusintha ngati "magolovesi". Panali zotsutsana mu timu, ndi "mafani" anachita zoipa pa izi. Velvet Underground adalengeza kuti akutha mu 1972.
Kuyesereranso kochitidwa ndi The Velvet Underground
Oimbawo anayesa kugwirizanitsanso gululo. Mu 1993, ulendo wopita ku Ulaya unachitika. Komabe, Reed ndi Cale adayambanso kukangana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti gululo linalibe mwayi umodzi wa "moyo".
Pa September 30, 1995, panapezeka kuti Sterling Morrison anamwalira ndi khansa. Patangopita miyezi ingapo atamwalira, The Velvet Underground adalowetsedwa mu Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Mu 2013, membala wina wa gulu lodziwika bwino, Lou Reed, adamwalira. Woimbayo adamuika chiwindi, koma izi sizinapulumutse nyenyezi ku imfa.
Zosangalatsa za The Velvet Underground
- Nyimbo zoimbidwa ndi All Tomorrow's Parties zinali m'gulu la nyimbo zomwe Warhol ankakonda kuchokera kugulu lonse la gululo.
- Mitu yayikulu ya studio yachitatu ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mowa, uhule. Oimba adajambula chimbalecho m'masiku anayi.
- Woimba wamkulu wa gululi, Lou Reed, anali ndi zizolowezi zogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ali wachinyamata. Achibale sanabwere ndi chilichonse chabwino kuposa kumuchitira ndi electroshock therapy. Pambuyo pake, mnyamatayo sanalankhule ndi makolo ake kwa nthawi yaitali. Lu anali ndi vuto la kumwa mowa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kangapo konse adalandira chithandizo m'chipinda chothandizira odwala.
- Mu 2010, magazini ya Rolling Stone inaphatikizapo gululo pamndandanda wa ojambula 100 otchuka kwambiri nthawi zonse. Gululo lidatenga malo olemekezeka a 19.
Gulu la Velvet Underground lero
Mu 2017, Tucker ndi Cale adagwirizana kuti akondweretse mafani ndi zida zakale. Oimbawo adachita nawo konsati yokhudzana ndi nthano za nyimbo. Nyenyezi zinaimba nyimbo kuchokera kugulu loyamba la VU
John Cale mu 2016 adawonjezeranso buku lake lojambula yekha ndi chimbale chatsopano cha MFANS. Mu 2019, woimbayo amakhala ku California. M'dzinja la chaka chomwecho, The Velvet Underground ikukonzekera ku United States, koma osati mwamphamvu.
