Alexander Dargomyzhsky - woimba, kupeka, wochititsa. M'moyo wake, nyimbo zambiri za maestro sizinadziwike. Dargomyzhsky anali membala wa gulu kulenga "Wamphamvu Handful". Anasiyanso nyimbo zabwino kwambiri za piyano, okhestra ndi mawu.
The Mighty Handful ndi gulu lopanga zinthu, lomwe linaphatikizapo olemba nyimbo aku Russia okha. Bungwe la Commonwealth linakhazikitsidwa ku St. Petersburg chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1850.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Maestro amachokera kudera la Tula. Tsiku la kubadwa kwa Dargomyzhsky ndi February 14, 1813. Olemba mbiri yakale akukanganabe za kumene Alexander anabadwira pambuyo pake. Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti amachokera kumudzi wawung'ono wa Voskresenskoye.
Makolo ake sanali okhudzana ndi kulenga. Pamene Alexander adayamba kukonda nyimbo, adadabwa kwambiri. Mtsogoleri wa banja ankagwira ntchito ku banki yomwe ili pansi pa Unduna wa Zachuma. Amayi anachokera m’banja lolemera lachifumu. Amadziwika kuti makolo a mkazi sanafune kupereka mwana Sergei Nikolaevich (bambo Alexander). Koma, chikondi chinakhala champhamvu kuposa mkhalidwe wachuma. Banja limeneli linali ndi ana XNUMX.
Bambo anga atapeza udindo mu ofesi, banja lathu linasamukira ku St. Ku likulu la chikhalidwe cha Russia, Alexander amatenga maphunziro a piyano. Posakhalitsa amazindikira kuti improvisation ili pafupi ndi iye. Panthawi imeneyi, akupereka nyimbo yoyamba.
Louis Wolgenborn (mphunzitsi wanyimbo) anayamikira wophunzira waluso. Analimbikitsa kuyesera kwa anyamata ake onse. Pofika zaka khumi, Dargomyzhsky anali atapanga zidutswa zingapo za piyano ndi zachikondi.
Makolo anali kukayikira za nyimbo za mwana wawo. Sanaone luso lochuluka mwa iye. Mutu wa banjalo anaumirira pa nyimbo ndi maphunziro a mawu. Dargomyzhsky ankagwirizana ndi aphunzitsi. Izi zinapangitsa kuti woimbayo awonekere pamakonsati achifundo. Posakhalitsa analowa mu ofesi ya khoti. Ndiye Alexander anatenga sitepe yoyamba ku moyo wodziimira. Dargomyzhsky sanasiye nyimbo ndipo anapitiriza kudzaza repertoire ndi ntchito zatsopano.
The Creative njira wa wolemba Alexander Dargomyzhsky
Mothandizidwa ndi dzanja kuwala Mikhail Glinka anayamba njira kulenga Alexander Dargomyzhsky. Glinka anatenga maphunziro a woimba novice. Anathandizira kumvetsetsa zovuta za kupanga nyimbo pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito za anzake akunja monga chitsanzo.
Mouziridwa ndi chidziwitso chatsopano, Dargomyzhsky amayendera nyumba za opera nthawi zonse. Pa nthawi imeneyo, ntchito za olemba ku Italy zinamveka mwa iwo. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 30, katswiriyu adaganiza zolemba opera yake. Anauziridwa kulemba ntchitoyi ndi sewero la mbiri yakale la Victor Hugo Lucrezia Borgia. Posakhalitsa anayenera kusiya lingaliro limeneli, chifukwa adazindikira kuti bukuli linali lovuta kumvetsa.
Iye anatembenukira ku ntchito "Notre Dame Cathedral". Kutengera ndi bukuli, maestro adayamba kulemba opera. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 40, woimbayo adapereka ntchito yomaliza kwa atsogoleri a Imperial Theatre.
Kwa zaka zingapo, opera Esmeralda anali kusonkhanitsa fumbi. Sanaganiziridwe kwa nthawi yayitali. Mu 1847, Esmeralda komabe anachitidwa pa siteji ya Moscow Theatre. Alexander ankayembekezera kuti ntchito yake kuwonekera koyamba kugulu adzabweretsa kupambana, koma chozizwitsa sichinachitike. Opera analandiridwa bwino ndi otsutsa ndi anthu. Zambiri "Esmeralda" sizinapangidwe.
Dargomyzhsky adataya mtima. Makamaka vuto lake linakula kwambiri pambuyo pa kutchuka kwa mphunzitsi wake Mikhail Glinka. Kwa kanthawi, adaganiza zosiya kulemba. Alexander anayamba kuphunzitsa nyimbo ndi mawu kwa atsikana olemekezeka. Posakhalitsa amayamba kulemba zachikondi. Nyimbo za maestro ndizopambana kwambiri pakati pa anthu a m'nthawi yake.
Kuyenda m'maiko aku Europe
Kenako Alexander anaganiza zopita ulendo wake woyamba kunja. Anali ndi mwayi wolankhulana ndi oimira otchuka a nyimbo zachilendo zakunja. Pambuyo pake, m'moyo wake wonse, adasunga ubale wabwino ndi Charles Berio, Henri Vietan ndi Gaetano Donizetti.
Mu 1848 anabwerera ku Russia. Alexander, anachita chidwi ndi ulendo, anaganiza kuyambiranso ntchito yaikulu. Iye anayamba kulemba opera "Mermaid". Ntchitoyi inachokera ku ntchito ya Pushkin. Mu nthawi yomweyo, iye anasangalatsa mafani ndi ulaliki wa chikondi "Melnik", "Popanda malingaliro, popanda chimwemwe" ndi "Darling Msungwana". Ntchitozo zidalandiridwa mwachikondi osati ndi mafani okha, komanso ndi otsutsa nyimbo.
Mu 1855 anamaliza ntchito pa Mermaid. Patapita nthawi, Alexander anapereka ntchitoyo kwa anthu ovutika. Seweroli linayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi anthu a m’nthaŵi ya wolembayo. Kwa nyengo zingapo, "Mermaid" inachitika pa siteji ya zisudzo likulu.
Pamafunde akutchuka, amalemba nyimbo zabwino kwambiri za symphonic. Tikulankhula za ntchito "Chiyukireniya Cossack", "Baba Yaga" ndi "Chukhonskaya Fantasy". Mu nyimbo zoperekedwa, munthu akhoza kumva mphamvu ya oimira a Mighty Handful.
Mabwenzi atsopano anam'patsa mwayi wofufuza zinthu zatsopano za nyimbo. Posakhalitsa adayesa dzanja lake pamtundu wachikondi wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuti mumve nyimbo zachikondi za tsiku ndi tsiku za Dargomyzhsky, mutha kumvera nyimbo za "Dramatic Song", "Old Corporal" ndi "Titular Counselor".
Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, amapitanso kunja. Olemba a ku Ulaya adadzazidwa ndi ntchito za Russian maestro. Iwo anachita kwambiri "yowutsa mudyo" nyimbo Dargomyzhsky pa umodzi wa kulenga madzulo.
Kuyenda kuzungulira ku Ulaya kunalimbikitsa wolemba nyimboyo. Alexander ankafuna kuti ayambe kupanga opera ina, koma anayenera kuimitsa lingalirolo kwa kanthawi. Thanzi la Dargomyzhsky linalephera, ndipo chinthu chokha chomwe akanatha kukondweretsa anthu chinali chopereka cha Mazepa, komanso manambala angapo a nyimbo.
Alexander Dargomyzhsky: moyo
Patapita nthawi, adabwerera ku lingaliro lopanga opera. Ndiye anali ndi chidwi ndi ntchito ya Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "The Stone Guest". Atangoyamba kupeka opera, anakumana ndi vuto lotchedwa kulenga. Mfundo ndi yakuti opera ake "Mermaid" anali kuchotsedwa zikwangwani zisudzo.
Kwa nthawi yayitali sanathe kuchira, koma chifukwa cha chithandizo cha olemba otchuka ndi mafani, Dargomyzhsky adatsikira ku bizinesi. Anayamba kulemba The Stone Guest. Anakwanitsa kulemba zambiri za nyimbo. Tsoka, chifukwa cha imfa ya maestro, oimba pafupi anamaliza opera.
Pa moyo wake wonse wa kulenga, maestro nthawi zonse ankatsatiridwa ndi zolephera. Mkhalidwe umenewu unkawoneka m'moyo waumwini wa wolemba. Tsoka lake, sanathe kusangalala ndi banja losangalala. Analibe mkazi kapena ana.
Sanapambane ndi kugonana kwabwino. Komabe, anali ndi mabuku achidule, omwe pamapeto pake sanatsogolere ku chilichonse chovuta.
Zinamveka kuti anali ndi chibwenzi ndi Lyubov Miller. Anaphunzitsa mawu a mtsikanayo. Ndiye iye olumikizidwa kwa nthawi yaitali ubwenzi ndi Lyubov Belenitsyna. Anapereka zibwenzi zingapo kwa mkazi uyu.
Pambuyo pa imfa ya amayi Dargomyzhsky anapanga mphatso yowoneka bwino kwa wamba. Anawamasula ku mtolo wa serfdom. Komanso, Alexander anawapatsa dziko lawo, limene ankagwira ntchito ndi kupeza moyo wabwinobwino. Unali khalidwe lapadera kwa mwamuna wa nthawi imeneyo. Anthu a m’nthawi imeneyo ankati Alexander ndiye mwini malo wachifundo kwambiri.
Anakumana ndi ukalamba wake ndi bambo okalamba. Pambuyo pa imfa ya mutu wa banja Dargomyzhsky potsiriza anakhumudwa m'moyo. Kupanikizika kosalekeza kunasokoneza moyo wa woimbayo. Zinakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa iye kulabadira kulemba opera The Stone Guest.
Zochititsa chidwi za maestro Alexander Dargomyzhsky
- Alexander anali munthu wofinyidwa. Wopeka nyimboyo ankakonda kukhala yekha.
- Iye analimbikitsidwa m’makoma a nyumba ya atate wake. Pokhapokha anali womasuka komanso momasuka momwe angathere.
- Bambo ake atamwalira, sakanatha kukhala m’nyumba ya makolo ake. Imfa ya munthu amene tinali kumukonda inam’pweteka kwambiri. Anakhazikika m’nyumba ya mlongo wake ndipo kenaka anabwereka chipinda m’nyumba mwake.
- Ndalama zopangira "The Stone Guest" zinasonkhanitsidwa ndi pafupifupi onse a St. Maestro adanenanso kuti mtengo wa ntchito yake ndi ma ruble 3000. The Imperial Theatre anapereka kwa woimbayo ndalama zoposa 1000 rubles.
Imfa ya maestro Alexander Dargomyzhsky
Paulendo wopita ku Ulaya, Alexander anadwala rheumatism. Sanapereke chisamaliro choyenera ku thanzi ndipo anapitiriza kuchita nawo mwakhama. Mu 1968, mkhalidwe wa woimbayo unafika poipa kwambiri. Anadandaula ndi ululu mu mtima mwake. Kufalitsidwa kolakwika kunayambitsa imfa ya Dargomyzhsky.
Iye ankadziwa kuti posachedwapa adzafa. Alexander sanachedwe ndi chifunirocho. Wolemba nyimboyo adapatsa Kaisara Antonovich Cui ndi Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov kuti amalize opera ya The Stone Guest.
Olembawo adagwirizana kuti akwaniritse dongosolo lomaliza la Alexander, komabe m'mitima mwawo anali kuyembekezera kuti adzakhala bwino. Tsoka, chozizwitsa sichinachitike.
Alexander anamwalira pa January 5, 1969. Iye anafa ndi aneurysm. Mwambo wa malirowo unachitika patatha masiku anayi. Osati anthu apamtima okha, komanso mafani azinthu zopanga zinthu anali kupita kumuwona paulendo wake womaliza. Pambuyo pa maliro, Tretyakov adalamula chithunzi cha woimbayo kuchokera pa chithunzi kwa wojambula Konstantin Makovsky.
