Mstislav Rostropovich - Soviet woimba, kupeka, kondakitala, anthu. Iye anali kupereka mphoto yapamwamba boma ndi mphoto, koma, ngakhale pachimake cha ntchito ya wolemba, akuluakulu Soviet m'gulu Mstislav "wakuda mndandanda". Mkwiyo wa akuluakuluwo unayamba chifukwa chakuti Rostropovich pamodzi ndi banja lake anasamukira ku America m'ma 70s.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Wolembayo amachokera ku Baku yotentha. Iye anabadwa pa March 27, 1927. Makolo a Mstislav anali okhudzana mwachindunji ndi nyimbo, choncho anayesa kukulitsa luso la mwana wawo. Mtsogoleri wa banja ankaimba cello, ndipo amayi ake ankaimba piyano. Anali akatswiri oimba. Ali ndi zaka zinayi, Rostropovich Jr. anali ndi piyano ndipo amatha kutulutsanso nyimbo zomwe adamva posachedwa. Ali ndi zaka 8, bambo ake adaphunzitsa mwana wake kusewera cello.
Kale mu 30s oyambirira banja anasamukira ku likulu la Russia. Mu mzinda, iye potsiriza analowa sukulu nyimbo. Bambo wa talente wamng'ono anaphunzitsa ku bungwe la maphunziro. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 30, konsati yoyamba ya Rostropovich inachitika.
Nditamaliza maphunziro a sekondale, Mstislav anafunanso kukula mu njira yosankhidwa. Mnyamatayo adalowa m'chipinda chosungiramo zinthu zakale. Iye ankalota za kusintha ndipo ankafuna kupeka nyimbo. Mstislav sanathe kuzindikira zolinga zake, popeza nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse inayamba mu USSR. Banja lidasamutsidwira ku Orenburg. Ali ndi zaka 14, adalowa sukulu ya nyimbo, kumene bambo ake ankaphunzitsa. Mu Orenburg Rostropovich anayamba kukonza zoimbaimba woyamba.
Chiyambi cha kulenga chinayamba Rostropovich atapeza ntchito ku nyumba ya opera. Apa amalemba ntchito za piyano ndi cello. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 40, Mstislav anali kutsata njira ya woimba wabwino komanso wopeka nyimbo.
M'chaka cha 43 cha zaka zapitazi, banja la Rostropovich linabwerera ku likulu la Russia. Mnyamatayo anayambiranso maphunziro ake pasukulupo. Aphunzitsiwo anayamikira kwambiri luso la wophunzirayo.
Cha m'ma 40s m'zaka zapitazi, iye analandira diploma mu mbali ziwiri mwakamodzi: wopeka ndi cellist. Pambuyo Mstislav analowa sukulu. Rostropovich anayamba kuphunzitsa kusukulu za nyimbo ku St. Petersburg ndi Moscow.
Mstislav Rostropovich: Creative njira
Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 40, Mstislav sanasangalatse osati mafani achi Russia a nyimbo zachikale ndi sewero - adapita ku Kyiv kwa nthawi yoyamba. Analimbitsa ulamuliro wake ndi kupambana m’mipikisano yanyimbo. Pa nthawi yomweyo Rostropovich anapita angapo mayiko European. Kupambana kwapadziko lonse kumalimbitsa ulamuliro wake. Nthaŵi zonse ankawonjezera chidziŵitso chake. Iye ankafuna kukhala wopambana. Anakulitsa luso lake ndikugwira ntchito mwakhama.
Pakatikati mwa zaka za m'ma 50, pa chikondwerero cha Prague Spring, anakumana ndi woimba nyimbo wa opera Galina Vishnevskaya. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, nthawi zambiri amawonedwa pamodzi. Galina anachita limodzi ndi Mstislav.
Patapita nthawi, Rostropovich anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu wake monga wochititsa. Iye anaima pa kondakitala pa kupanga "Eugene Onegin" pa Bolshoi Theatre. Iye ankaona kuti ali pamalo oyenera. Luso lake monga wotsogolera linayamikiridwa kwambiri osati ndi omvera okha, komanso ndi anzake.
Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 50, woimbayo ankafunika kwambiri. Pa funde la kutchuka amaphunzitsa pa malo maphunziro, amachita pa Bolshoi Theatre, maulendo ndi kulemba ntchito zoimbira.
Anali ndi maganizo akeake pa chilichonse. Mstislav ankatha kulankhula momasuka za nyimbo zamakono ndi mmene zinthu zilili mu USSR. Mafunso omwe adadetsa nkhawa maestro sanawonekere.
Chochitika chachikulu m'dziko lachikhalidwe chinali kusewera kwa woimba ndi gulu la Bach. Anagwira ntchito pa chida chake choimbira pafupi ndi Khoma la Berlin. Analimbana ndi kuzunzidwa kwa olemba ndakatulo ndi olemba a ku Russia. Anapatsanso Solzhenitsyn pogona mu dacha yake. Ndipo ngati kale akuluakulu amasirira ntchito za chikhalidwe cha Mstislav, ndiye pambuyo pa ntchito ya maestro, iye anali pa "mndandanda wakuda". Iye ankamuyang’anitsitsa kwambiri nduna yoona za chikhalidwe cha dzikolo.
Zochita zimawononga kwambiri maestro. Anachotsedwa ntchito ku Bolshoi Theatre. Mstislav adaganiza zotseka mpweya. Tsopano sakanatha kuyendera mayiko a ku Ulaya. Sanaloledwe kuimba m’magulu oimba a likulu la dzikoli.
Kusamuka kwa banja la Rostropovich kupita ku USA
Wolemba nyimboyo anamvetsa maganizo ake, choncho chinthu chokha chimene ankafuna chinali kupeza visa, kutenga banja lake ndi kuchoka ku Soviet Union. Anakwanitsa kukwaniritsa zimene ankafuna kuchita. Anasamukira ku America ndi banja lake. Pambuyo pa zaka 4, banja la Rostropovich lidzalandidwa kukhala nzika, ndikuimbidwa mlandu wopereka dziko la Amayi.
Kusuntha ndi kuzolowera ku United States kumawononga ndalama zambiri kwa Mstislav. Kwa nthawi yaitali sanachite, koma panthawiyi, mwamunayo anakakamizika kusamalira banja lake. M'kupita kwa nthawi, iye ayamba kuchita zoimbaimba woyamba kwa American okonda nyimbo. Zinthu zinasintha kwambiri atatenga udindo wa wotsogolera zaluso wa Washington Symphony Orchestra.
Pambuyo pa zaka 16 ndikukhala m’dziko lachilendo, kuzindikirika kunafika kwa maestro. Ankaonedwa ngati katswiri weniweni. Boma la USSR linaperekanso woimbayo ndi mkazi wake kubwerera kwawo ndi kubwerera kwawo, koma Rostropovich sanaganizirepo mwayi wobwerera ku Soviet Union. Panthawiyo, anali atazolowera ku America.
Zitseko za pafupifupi dziko lililonse zinatsegulidwa kwa banja la Rostropovich. Mstislav ngakhale anapita ku Moscow. Atabwerera ku Russia, anali wofewa kwambiri. Mu 1993, anaganiza zosamukira ku St.
Mstislav Rostropovich: Tsatanetsatane wa moyo wake
Opera woimba Galina Vishnevskaya ankakonda woimba poyamba kuona. Mu imodzi mwa zoyankhulana, adanena momwe adayesera kusamalira kukongola kwake: adamvetsera kwa iye, adadzaza ndi mazana ambiri oyamikira ndikusintha zovala kangapo patsiku. Mstislav sanasiyanitsidwe ndi kukongola. Anasangalala kwambiri ataona Galina.
Pa nthawi yokumana ndi Galina anali pachimake cha kutchuka. Amuna masauzande ambiri padziko lonse ankalota za iye. Mstislav adapambana mtima wa dona wosasinthika wokhala ndi zizolowezi zapamwamba ndi luntha. Pa tsiku la 4 la kukumana kwawo, woimbayo adapangana ndi mayiyo. Galina, yemwe anachita manyazi pang'ono ndi liwiro la zochitika, adabwezera.
Kwa nthawi ndithu banjali ankakhala m'nyumba ya makolo a Mstislav. Anagulira banja lake nyumba patatha chaka chimodzi. Cha m'ma 50, Galina anabala mwana wamkazi wa mwamuna wake, dzina lake Olga. Woimbayo adapenga ndi mkazi wake. Anamudzaza ndi mphatso zamtengo wapatali ndipo anayesa kuti asamukane chilichonse.
Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 50, mwana wamkazi wachiwiri anabadwa, amene makolo achikondi dzina lake Elena. Ngakhale kuti anali wotanganidwa kwambiri, bamboyo ankaphunzira nyimbo ndi ana ake aakazi ndipo ankacheza nawo kwambiri.
Imfa ya Wopeka
Mu 2007, woimbayo anamva zoipa kwambiri. M’chakacho anagonekedwa m’chipatala kangapo. Madokotala adapeza chotupa m'chiwindi cha maestro. Matendawa atapangidwa, madokotala anachita opaleshoniyo, koma thupi la Rostropovich linachita zoipa kwambiri. M’masiku otsiriza a April 2007, anamwalira. Khansara ndi zotsatira za kukonzanso zinawonongetsa moyo wa wolembayo.
